Cette étude fait l’objet d’un double traitement des manuels de français utilisés en Grèce : d’une part, l’étude de leur histoire et, d’autre part, le recensement et l’analyse de leur dimension culturelle. Cette rétrospective nous permet de mieux cerner les lignes directrices des manuels, d’en dégager des constantes, des éléments communs, au cours des diverses époques étudiées et d’en confronter les données.Les manuels de notre recherche sont classés en deux catégories, les manuels du XIXe siècle et ceux qui sont datés principalement de la première décennie du XXIe siècle ou plus précisément ont été publiés entre 1998 et 2008.Nous voulons montrer par l’étude de la naissance de l’enseignement du français en Grèce qu’il y a un rapport étroit entre l’introduction du français en tant que discipline dans les cursus des écoles publiques grecques et les événements historiques des époques de référence. Ce travail permet de retrouver ainsi, les premières racines de la disciplinarisation du français langue étrangère en Grèce.À travers notre analyse des manuels contemporains, qui s’appuie sur l’observation d’un corpus de plus de vingt manuels de français en usage en Grèce dans les écoles de l’enseignement secondaire et primaire publics, nous nous interrogeons aussi sur le rôle de l’image en tant que porteur de culture dans les manuels et sur la façon de rendre l’acte didactique interculturel plus clair au moyen du traitement des dialogues. Est également posée la question de la valeur des dialogues qui figurent dans les manuels de FLE en tant que documents authentiques ou fabriqués et du métalangage utilisé. Le recensement des aspects culturels des manuels de notre corpus nous permet d’élaborer une grille d’analyse et d’évaluation d’un manuel de FLE. Cette grille sert à comparer les manuels quant à leur pertinence sur certains points précis et met en avant leurs rubriques consacrées aux aspects culturels. / This research intends to make a double study of Greek textbooks for French as a foreign language: on the one hand it examines the history of these textbooks in Greece and on the other hand it records and analyses their cultural dimension. This flashback allows us to distinguish more clearly the books’ guidelines, to deduce their constancy, the common elements of the different eras as well as to compare and contrast this data.The textbooks are divided into two categories, the 19th century textbooks and those dating mostly at the first decade of the 21st century, more specifically those published between 1998 and 2008.We would like to point out by studying the birth of the French language teaching in Greece that there is an unbreakable connection between the introduction of French as a taught subject in the curriculum of the Greek public schools and the historical events of that time period. This study allows us to find the origins of disciplinarization of the French language teaching in Greece.The examination of the contemporary textbooks, which is based on the analysis of a selection of more than twenty textbooks used in primary and secondary Greek schools, focuses firstly on the role of image as culture conveyor in the textbooks and secondly on the way we could make the teaching cultural act clearer through the study of dialogues. It refers also to the question of the value of the dialogues we come across often in the textbooks as authentic or fabricated productions as well as to the metalanguage used by them.The recording of the cultural aspects in the textbooks of our selection allows us to develop a chart which analyses and evaluates those which are used in teaching French as a foreign language. This chart serves in comparing and contrasting the textbooks concerning the accuracy of specific points and in demonstrating the rubrics dedicated to cultural elements.

Le discours scolaire est au cœur de cette thèse de doctorat. Traditionnellement, l’école grecque véhicule un discours grec chrétien à travers les manuels scolaires traitant le fait religieux. Ceci renvoie à la construction de l’identité grecque dont la religion orthodoxe est partie intégrante. En 2003, l’État grec reçoit une aide financière européenne pour renouveler son matériel didactique. Cependant, cette aide est suivie par le respect des règles financières européennes ainsi que de l’obligation de respecter les priorités des politiques européennes sur certains sujets. Une de ces priorités est la promotion de la citoyenneté européenne d’une manière plus solide. Ainsi, il révise sa pratique et il élargit ses objectifs. Cette recherche a pour but d'étudier les manuels scolaires traitant du fait religieux en Grèce. En ce sens, on étudie l’évolution de l’enseignement religieux comme partie intégrante de l’éducation à la citoyenneté. Cette dernière encouragée par les institutions éducatives européennes, vise la transition du modèle représentatif du citoyen au participatif. Ces évolutions ont des effets dans la construction du discours scolaire et sur la façon de percevoir le fait religieux. La recherche est réalisée autour de l’analyse du contenu des manuels et des entretiens avec les acteurs de leur rédaction (auteurs, évaluateurs, responsables de l’application de la politique éducative).L’analyse des données met en évidence que les transformations que le discours scolaire subit sous le poids des instances communautaires ne changent pas son orientation. Il s’agit plutôt d’une adaptation pour qu’il corresponde au nouveau paradigme. Il est alors le fruit de l’interaction des politiques éducatives européennes et des politiques éducatives grecques. / School discourse is at the centre of this Phd dissertation. Traditionally, greek schools promote the greek – Christian discourse throughout the content of school textbooks treating the religious phenomenon. This fact is what brings us in mind the structure of the greek identity, to the forming of which orthodoxy indisputably plays a major role. In the year 2003 the Greek state accepts a European financial help in order to refresh the school textbooks. However, this specific help comes with the obligation to respect not only the european financial rules, but the priorities in certain subjects as they are set by the european policies as well. One of these priorities is the construction of the European citizenship in a more solid way. Furthermore, it reconsiders its practices and sets the goals concerning the building of the European citizen. Our research aims at a pluralistic study of the greek textbooks which form the religious phenomenon in the primary education. Towards this direction the object of our study is the evolution of the religious education which is included in the school program of the Education of Democratic Citizenchip. One last thing that is promoted by the European institutions targets at the transition from the representative to the participatory citizenship model. These developments result in the construction of the school discourse and in the effective treatment of the religious phenomenon. The research is carried out by the means of the analysis of the content of school textbooks, combined with the interviews of the actors (authors, evaluators, responsibles of application of education policy).The data analysis brings into light that the changes to which school discourse is submitted, forced by the European checks, do not bring about changes to its orientation. It is a matter of transformation in order to live up to the change of example. School discourse which is promoted by the school textbooks is a product of the European and greek educational policies.

An examination of the historical treatises of Manuel Garcia II and Giambattista Mancini, scientific studies pertaining to glottal closure, and Vocal Function Exercises used in clinical speech pathology led to an exploratory study that attempted to increase the glottal closure in an untrained university male chorus using only choral voice building exercises. The exploratory study used a single group, pre-test post-test design, and data was recorded using audio recordings of the entire chorus as well as electroglottograph measurements of individual subjects. The data show an increase in glottal closure as measured by closed quotient values, and an increase in energy in the upper partials of the recorded acoustic signal from the chorus.

Orientador: Francisco Foot Hardman / Tese (doutorador) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T06:08:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cerqueira_Rodrigo_D.pdf: 1297838 bytes, checksum: 59ecbe7fd91604ff9043f4d00262cebb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Nessa tese eu tento explicar uma mudança formal importante no primeiro romance de Joaquim Manuel de Macedo, aquele que ele escreveu entre os anos 1844 e 1855, antes de abandonar o gênero por uma década. A meu ver, o que acontece é uma progressiva desfuncionalização da "extravagância" - termo mais do que comum nos seus livros -, que servia para caracterizar uma juventude inserida numa nova sociabilidade, mais moderna, que o país passou a viver após 1808 e, principalmente, 1822. Marcados que eram por uma polarização geracional - jovens com suas novas atitudes, de um lado, e velhos um tanto receosos dessas mudanças, do outro -, a desfuncionalização acaba por roubar o protagonismo real daqueles jovens e atribuí-los aos velhos, um movimento de que Vicentina (1853) talvez seja o melhor exemplo. Na esteira de Franco Moretti, para quem a literatura é uma das maneiras pelas quais atribuímos sentido a processos de transformações históricas, leio esse deslocamento na esteira da injunção conservadora por que passa o país nesse período: um momento que acaba por atribuir uma importância muito grande a uma autoridade centralizadora. Como resultado, o romance brasileiro atinge, em meados dos anos 1850, é um impasse formal: não há mais como Macedo reduzir o espaço dos jovens sem que isso signifique uma completa substituição dessa função literária; ou seja, sem que o protagonismo passasse efetivamente para os mais velhos, transformando o romance brasileiro no depositário de uma tradição abertamente anti-moderna. Uma perspectiva, a meu ver, nada atraente para uma nação recém-emancipada e desejosa de fazer parte do concerto do mundo / Abstract: In this PhD dissertation I try to explain an important formal change in Joaquim Manuel de Macedo's first novels, which were written between 1844 and 1855, before he abandoned the genre for almost a decade. What occurred was a progressive de-functionalization of "extravagance" - a very common expression in his books -, that was used to portray a youth inscribed in a new kind of sociability, more modern, which Brazil experienced after 1808 and mainly after 1822. As those narratives were composed according to a generational opposition - young characters behaving in accordance with a new set of rules, on one side; and the old ones a bit apprehensive about these changes, on the other -, that defunctionalization ended up stifling the real protagonism of the youth, a process of which Vicentina (1853) may be the best example. Following the steps of Franco Moretti, for whom literature is one of the ways we use to master and to understand historical changes, I read that process in the light of a conservative shift that occurred in that period: a moment which ascribed a major importance to a centralized authority. As a result, the Brazilian novel reached, around 1850's, a formal impasse: Macedo could not reduce even more the space assigned to the youth without modifying its literary function; in other words, without giving the protagonism of the narrative to the older characters, transforming the Brazilian novel into a depository of an openly anti-modern world view. This is not an attractive perspective to a nation recently emancipated and anxious to be a part of the "civilized" world / Doutorado / Literatura Brasileira / Doutor em Teoria e História Literária

Orientador: Marisa Lajolo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-18T18:27:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bassi_CristinaMantovani_M.pdf: 2683725 bytes, checksum: 3315002243d926a6f204fbaa294c2005 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1993 / Não tem resumo na obra impressa. Base IEL resumo: A partir da pesquisa de textos críticos e histórias da literatura a respeito de Joaquim Manoel de Macedo, este trabalho procura delinear um possível perfil do leitor do século XIX. Capítulo I - papel, função e posição do escritor brasileiro em meados do séc. XIX a partir de trechos dos discursos proferidos por Macedo Instituto Histórico e Geográfico; Capítulo II - levantamento do que dizem as histórias da literatura sobre o autor; Capítulo III - configuração das estratégias de leitura sugeridas pelos romances e Capítulo IV - Estudo comparativo de A Moreninha e Rosa. / Abstract: Not informed. / Mestrado / Mestre em Letras

Les manuels de FLE sont utilisés au service de l’enseignement du français dans les universités de nombreux pays et notamment au Vietnam. Ils sont des supports de base en classe et les enseignants sont autorisés à emprunter des exercices de compréhension ou d’expression proposés dans ces manuels afin de faire développer les compétences de langue des apprenants. Le retour sur l’histoire de ces manuels montre qu’ils se renouvellent sans cesse via l’actualisation et l’enrichissement des informations, des connaissances et par la présence d’une grande variété d’images. Parmi celles-ci, les photographies de presse sont considérées comme un moyen de communication chargé de capter l’attention et d’accompagner le discours tenu sur un événement, un fait, une information particulière. Nous avons ainsi extrait et analysé toutes les photographies de presse présentes dans les manuels en recherchant systématiquement les symboles, les connotations culturelles susceptibles d’être difficile à comprendre pour les apprenants de culture étrangère. L’étude porte ainsi sur 46 manuels scolaires publiés entre 1994 et 2015 et propose l’analyse qualitative de 284 images de presse. Au-delà de leur fonction illustrative et informative, elles ont aussi pour mission de véhiculer des messages culturels, de représenter les différences entre la culture française et la culture étrangère à travers des symboles culturels plus ou mois implicites. Sans prétendre être exhaustif, cette étude propose un nouveau regard sur la réalité d’une modalité éditoriale. / French manuals are used in teaching French, a foreign language, in many universities in Vietnam. They are basic supporting materials in class, and teachers are authorized to borrow comprehension and expression exercises in these manuals to develop the learners’ language competence.For several decades the manuals have progressively been renewed for updating and enriching information as well as diversifying images. Lots of images presented in these manuals are being used as documents for pedagogical aim or objectives for learning activities. Especially, press photographs, research subject in this study, which are considered as a means of communication, can indeed attract learners’ attention. Besides their informative function, they have another mission, a vehicle for cultural messages, which represent differences between French culture and Vietnamese culture through symbols and cultural implicites. The study concerns 46 textbooks published between 1994 and 2015 and proposes the qualitative analysis of 284 images of press. Aiming to propose a new look at the reality of editorial modality, we have analyzed the press photographs in which cultural connotations are evoked, which are difficult for learners from another culture to comprehend.

L’étude de la biomécanique de la locomotion en fauteuil roulant manuel (FRM) a pour objectif de limiter le risque d’apparitions de blessures du membre supérieur, en optimisant la facilité à se déplacer. De nombreuses études ont montré qu’un ajustement des réglages du FRM avait un impact sur la mobilité. Néanmoins, les modèles utilisés dans la littérature pour représenter les interactions « sujet-FRM » et « FRM-environnement » possédaient plusieurs limitations. Ainsi, l’objectif premier de la thèse était la mise en place d’un modèle musculo-squelettique du membre supérieur permettant de modéliser l’interaction entre le sujet et le FRM, en utilisant des méthodes expérimentales adaptées pour appliquer ce modèle. Le second objectif était de construire un modèle mécanique du FRM en mouvement permettant de calculer les forces de réaction entre le sol et les roues du FRM. Le dernier objectif était d’appliquer une procédure d’optimisation numérique des réglages du FRM incluant les modèles développés durant la thèse. Le modèle musculo-squelettique développé a permis d’analyser la biomécanique du membre supérieur lors de la locomotion en FRM chez les sujets recrutés lors des campagnes de mesures. L’optimisation des réglages du FRM a été mise en place à partir du modèle mécanique du FRM, permettant de confirmer l’influence de plusieurs réglages sur la mobilité en FRM. Enfin, des perspectives d’amélioration de la procédure d’optimisation des réglages ont été explorées, à partir d’algorithmes de génération prédictive du mouvement. / The study of manual wheelchair (MWC) locomotion biomechanics aims at lowering the risk of upper limbs injuries, by optimizing mobility. Several studies have showed that adjusting MWC settings had an impact on MWC mobility. However, the models used in the literature to depict the « user-MWC » and « MWC-floor » interactions had several limitations. Thus, the first aim of this thesis was to develop a musculoskeletal model of the upper limbs allowing to describe the « user-MWC » interaction, by using adapted experimental methods to apply this model. The second aim of the thesis was to implement a mechanical model of the MWC allowing to compute ground reaction forces during locomotion. The final aim of the thesis was to apply a numerical optimisation procedure, including the models developed during the thesis, to optimize MWC settings. The musculoskeletal model developed during the thesis allowed to analyze biomechanics of the upper limbs during MWC locomotion among subjects recruited during experimental sessions. The MWC settings optimization was implemented with the mechanical model developed during the thesis and confirmed the influence of various MWC settings on mobility. Eventually, improvement perspectives for the numerical optimization procedure of MWC settings were explored, based on predictive movement generation with optimal control algorithms.

This study was carried out in order to discover new strategies to memorize piano music. There are six different types of memory involved in performing: auditory, kinesthetic, visual, analytical, nominal and emotional. There are two main ways of practicing: playing practice and non-playing practice. I tried to find out if the order in which we use these two kinds of practice affects the quality of the memorization. During one week I practiced three different pieces following three different methods: 1 Using only playing practice; 2 using first playing practice and then non-playing practice; 3 using first non-playing practice and then playing practice. The second method had a much better result than the other two. The whole process was registered with a video camera and a logbook. / <p>The exam concert is archived for copyright reasons until 2023.</p>

La presente investigación analiza el papel del segundo proceso por sodomía del doctor Manuel Barros de San Millán (1532- ¿?), presidente de la Audiencia de Quito a finales del siglo XVI. Su controvertida carrera en Indias permitirá entender cómo las enemistades acumuladas, entre 1560 y 1590, jugaron un papel determinante en esta acusación. A pesar de tener una primera acusación en 1578, se entiende como determinante la segunda debido a su impacto político. Además, se examina el discurso contra prácticas sexuales prohibidas por la Iglesia y el Estado, como la sodomía, y la respuesta social a estos actos. Asimismo, se estudia cómo repercute el nefando crimen en el las relaciones clientelares de la España del siglo XVI. De manera que, el segundo proceso por sodomía contra el Doctor Barros tuvo un objetivo político, eliminarlo de la carrera en Indias.

Esta investigación busca sustentar una propuesta de interpretación de la novela El beso de la mujer araña, del escritor argentino Manuel Puig. Tradicionalmente, la crítica literaria ha propuesto interpretaciones centradas en su estructura dialogal, que renueva y subvierte el canon de la narrativa latinoamericana de la década del 70; en su transgresión de los discursos hegemónicos de la época en torno de la sexualidad y la política; en el diálogo entre narrativa y cine que supone la obra de Puig. Este trabajo propone una interpretación distinta. En primer lugar, se sostiene en los supuestos teóricos de la filosofía del lenguaje de Donald Davidson y la novela polifónica de Mijail Bajtín. En segundo lugar, la metodología incluye dos propuestas de acercamiento al texto literario: el análisis pragmático de Antonio Narbona y la actitud metaforizante desarrollada por Jorge Wiesse. Es decir, partiendo de un acercamiento intuitivo al texto de Puig, se presta atención a los detalles en el uso del lenguaje y en los tópicos tratados para plantear una generalización. Esta se contrasta en cada capítulo con nuevos detalles formales y de contenido, y así se genera un movimiento de vaivén (Spitzer 1982). En esa trayectoria de lo inductivo a lo deductivo, surge una lectura interpretativa original: El beso de la mujer araña ofrece una metáfora del proceso de recreación intersubjetiva de los protagonistas a través del diálogo. Valentín y Molina pasan del internalismo en la comprensión de la realidad (el mundo es tal y como se lo imaginan en sus mentes) al externalismo (el mundo se construye intersubjetivamente). Así se recrea metafóricamente un proceso de transformación intersubjetiva del yo. Este se replica metatextualmente, ya que, en cada nueva lectura interpretativa, no solo se recrea la ficción, sino también la forma de concebir el texto literario por parte de los lectores. Palabras clave: diálogo, internalismo, externalismo, intersubjetividad / The purpose of this research is to propose an interpretation of the novel entitled Kiss of the Spider Woman, by Argentinian writer Manuel Puig. Traditionally, literary criticism has proposed interpretations centered on its dialogical structure, which renews and subverts the canon of the Latin American narrative of the 70s; on its transgression of the hegemonic discourses of the time around sexuality and politics; on the dialogue between narrative and cinema implied by Puig's work. This work proposes a different interpretation. First, it is based on the theoretical assumptions of Donald Davidson's philosophy of language and Mikhail Bakhtin's polyphonic novel. Secondly, the methodology includes two proposals for approaching the literary text: the pragmatic analysis of Antonio Narbona and the metaphorizing attitude developed by Jorge Wiesse. That is, starting from an intuitive approach to Puig's text, attention is paid to the details in the use of language and in the topics treated in order to propose a generalization. This is contrasted in each chapter with new formal details and content, and thus a back and forth movement is generated (Spitzer 1982). In this trajectory from the inductive to the deductive, an original interpretive reading emerges: Kiss of the Spider Woman offers a metaphor of the process of intersubjective recreation of the protagonists through dialogue. Valentín and Molina go from internalism in the understanding of reality (the world is as they imagine it in their minds) to externalism (the world is built intersubjectively). This metaphorically recreates a process of intersubjective transformation of the self. This metatextually replicates, since, in each new interpretive reading, not only the fiction is recreated, but also the way of conceiving the literary text by the readers.