葉勇. / 論文(博士)--香港中文大學, 2000. / 參考文獻 (p. 270-288) / 中英文摘要. / Available also through the Internet via Dissertations & theses @ Chinese University of Hong Kong. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Ye Yong. / Lun wen (bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2000. / Can kao wen xian (p. 270-288) / Zhong Ying wen zhai yao.

<p>Man has always in one way or another had to take risks in order to survive, but in today's society, voluntary risks increased markedly. It is about both physical and financial risks. The aim of this essay is to problematize what it is for properties that drive people to extreme sports and adventure travel. We want to see how extreme sports performers own picture looks compared to how the media presents them. We have in this essay interviewed two long sailors, a BASE jumper and an ex-mountain climber to see how the performers own picture of reality looks. We examined how the media presents different extreme sports in the form of news magazines and lifestyle magazine. We have concluded that there is a huge gap between the self images of their sport compared to how the media presents them. News Magazines often deals with risks and dangers of extreme sports and put them in different contexts in their articles and that the sport is to demonstrate its capacity, to reach goals, triumph and prestige. Also Sunday supplement that are not news-oriented have the same main focus. Lifestyle magazines image of extreme sports performers is more consistent with the addition to the participants own image in which the actual experience and lifestyle is important and not the risk-seeking.</p>

<p>The palladium-catalysed Heck-reaction has been utilised in organic synthesis, where the introduction of aryl groups at the internal, β<i>-</i>carbon of different allylic substrates has been achieved with high regioselectivity.</p><p>The β<i>-</i>stabilising effect of silicon enhances the regiocontrol in the internal arylation of allyltrimethylsilane, while a coordination between palladium and nitrogen induces very high regioselectivities in the arylation of <i>N,N-</i>dialkylallylamines and the Boc-protected allylamine, producing β-arylated arylethylamines, which are of interest for applications in medicinal chemistry. Phthalimido-protected allylamines are arylated with poor to moderate regioselectivity.</p><p>Single-mode microwave heating can reduce the reaction times of Heck-, Stille- and radical mediated reactions drastically from approximately 20 hours to a few minutes with, in the majority of cases, retained, high regioselectivity.</p><p>The use of heavily fluorinated tin reagents, which proved to be unreactive under thermal heating, is shown to be applicable with microwave-heating and the high fluorous content of the products is utilised with the aim of improving and simplifying the work-up procedure.</p>

The palladium-catalysed Heck-reaction has been utilised in organic synthesis, where the introduction of aryl groups at the internal, β-carbon of different allylic substrates has been achieved with high regioselectivity. The β-stabilising effect of silicon enhances the regiocontrol in the internal arylation of allyltrimethylsilane, while a coordination between palladium and nitrogen induces very high regioselectivities in the arylation of N,N-dialkylallylamines and the Boc-protected allylamine, producing β-arylated arylethylamines, which are of interest for applications in medicinal chemistry. Phthalimido-protected allylamines are arylated with poor to moderate regioselectivity. Single-mode microwave heating can reduce the reaction times of Heck-, Stille- and radical mediated reactions drastically from approximately 20 hours to a few minutes with, in the majority of cases, retained, high regioselectivity. The use of heavily fluorinated tin reagents, which proved to be unreactive under thermal heating, is shown to be applicable with microwave-heating and the high fluorous content of the products is utilised with the aim of improving and simplifying the work-up procedure.

Independent documentary films in contemporary China articulate a vision of Chinese politics and society that deviates from official state discourse. This thesis explores how China’s New Documentary Movement (NDM) – a spontaneous, independent phenomenon in Chinese cinema – serves as an important arena to study state and society struggles in the aftermath of the post-Mao reforms. This study first explores the politicalization of Chinese national cinema to demonstrate how the degree of control exerted over filmmaking and the documentary genre functions as a useful indicator of Chinese state-society relations. Focusing on the contentious issue of land disputes and rural rightful resistance in two documentaries – Feng Yan’s "Bing Ai" as well as Zhang Ke and Dong Yu’s "Where is the Way" – it contrasts the lived reality of displaced peasants to the official rhetoric disseminated in the state media. Also discussed is the state’s response to the NDM and its implications for greater societal autonomy in contemporary China.

Independent documentary films in contemporary China articulate a vision of Chinese politics and society that deviates from official state discourse. This thesis explores how China’s New Documentary Movement (NDM) – a spontaneous, independent phenomenon in Chinese cinema – serves as an important arena to study state and society struggles in the aftermath of the post-Mao reforms. This study first explores the politicalization of Chinese national cinema to demonstrate how the degree of control exerted over filmmaking and the documentary genre functions as a useful indicator of Chinese state-society relations. Focusing on the contentious issue of land disputes and rural rightful resistance in two documentaries – Feng Yan’s "Bing Ai" as well as Zhang Ke and Dong Yu’s "Where is the Way" – it contrasts the lived reality of displaced peasants to the official rhetoric disseminated in the state media. Also discussed is the state’s response to the NDM and its implications for greater societal autonomy in contemporary China.

Man has always in one way or another had to take risks in order to survive, but in today's society, voluntary risks increased markedly. It is about both physical and financial risks. The aim of this essay is to problematize what it is for properties that drive people to extreme sports and adventure travel. We want to see how extreme sports performers own picture looks compared to how the media presents them. We have in this essay interviewed two long sailors, a BASE jumper and an ex-mountain climber to see how the performers own picture of reality looks. We examined how the media presents different extreme sports in the form of news magazines and lifestyle magazine. We have concluded that there is a huge gap between the self images of their sport compared to how the media presents them. News Magazines often deals with risks and dangers of extreme sports and put them in different contexts in their articles and that the sport is to demonstrate its capacity, to reach goals, triumph and prestige. Also Sunday supplement that are not news-oriented have the same main focus. Lifestyle magazines image of extreme sports performers is more consistent with the addition to the participants own image in which the actual experience and lifestyle is important and not the risk-seeking.

<p>Abstract</p> <p>In 1871, during the Franco-Prussian War, the Parisian workers revolted against the bourgeois government and established the Paris Commune. Extolling it as the first workers' government, classical Marxist writers took it as an exemplary--though embryonic-- model of the dictatorship of the proletariat. The principles of the Paris Commune, according to Marx, lay in that "the working class cannot simply lay hold of the ready-made state machinery, and wield it for its own purposes." General elections and the abolishment of a standing army were regarded by classical Marxist writers as defining features of the organ of power established in the Paris Commune. After the defeat of the Paris Commune, the Marxist interpretation of the Commune was widely propagated throughout the world, including in China.</p> <p>20th century China has been rich with experiences of Commune-type theories and practices. At the end of 1966 and the beginning of 1967, inspired by the Maoist theory of continuous revolution and the vision of a Commune-type state structure, the rebel workers in Shanghai, together with rebellious students and revolutionary party cadres and leaders, took the bold initiative to overthrow the old power structure from below. On Feb.5, 1967, the Shanghai workers established the Shanghai Commune modeled upon the Paris Commune. This became known as the January Storm. After Mao's death in 1976, the communist party and government in China has rewritten history, attacking the Cultural Revolution. And the Shanghai Commune has barely been mentioned in China, let alone careful evaluation and in-depth study. This dissertation attempts to recover this lost yet crucial history by exploring in historical detail the origin, development and supersession of the Shanghai Commune. Examining the role of different mass organizations during the January Storm in Shanghai, I attempt to offer a full picture of the Maoist mass movement based on the theory of continuous revolution. Disagreeing with some critics' arguments that the Shanghai Commune was a negation of the party-state, I argue that it neither negated the party nor the state. Instead, the Shanghai Commune embodied the seeds of a novel state structure that empowers the masses by relegating some of the state power to mass representatives and mass organs. Differing from the common narrative and most scholarship in the post-Mao era, I argue that the commune movement in the beginning of 1967 facilitated revolutionary changes in Chinese society and state structure. The Shanghai Commune and the Shanghai Revolutionary Committee developed as ruling bodies that did not hold general elections or abolish the standing army and in this way did not replicate the Paris Commune. But in contrast to the old Shanghai organs of power, they were largely in conformity with the principles of the Paris Commune by smashing the Old and establishing the New. Some of their creative measures, "socialist new things", anticipated the features of a communal state -a state that does not eradicate class struggle yet begins to initiate the long process of the withering away of the state itself.</p> / Dissertation

Insurgency is considered to be the principal form of conflict in the world today. Since the end of WWII, large-scale conventional war between states has been minimal. In Iraq, a band of insurgents are attempting to defy the strongest power in the world. This insurgency in Iraq may be the beginning of a new phenomenon of insurgency conflict. This thesis argues that the Iraqi insurgency has no center of gravity, with no clear apparent leader or leadership. As seen in other examples of insurgency throughout history, no leadership has emerged in response to any of the conditions present in Iraq. There is no attempt to seize and actually hold territory, and no single, defined, or unifying ideology. Most important, through the research of this project, there has been no identifiable insurgent organization. It is true that there are multiple organizations involved, such as Al Qa’ida and Al Ansar, but there is no clear indication of any cohesion in the insurgency. This insurgency involves small groups who communicate, coordinate, and conduct their campaigns without a precise central command. The command and control is a very loose environment where individuals gravitate toward one another to carry out armed attacks, exchange intelligence, trade weapons, and then disperse at times never to operate together again. The immediate goal of the insurgency in Iraq is to disrupt the political process and drive US forces out of Iraq. However, each element of the insurgency is also driven by its own unique motivations. No matter the differences, they fight together for a common cause. Their strategy is to seize power by draining the Coalition financially and winning popular support through coercion and fear. Their resources may be unlimited, and with support coming in from all corners of the earth, they may be unstoppable. The future will determine whether or not the insurgency in Iraq is a new type of insurgency. If the Iraqi example fails to spread to other countries, then it can be said that the insurgency in Iraq was a phenomenon unique only to Iraq and its conditions.

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil. / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-24T02:02:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 258217.pdf: 1699115 bytes, checksum: f8595ab04b4b5403ce241da4014d8519 (MD5) / Os indicadores de produtividade de mão-de-obra são elementos importantes para o sistema de produção da construção civil, no fornecimento de informações para a elaboração de planejamento financeiro do empreendimento, da programação físicofinanceira e para o controle do processo produtivo. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho consiste no desenvolvimento de um sistema de informação gerencial, para fazer predição dos níveis de produtividade que devem ocorrer frente a condições ambientais predeterminadas, considerando o conjunto de fatores mais influentes na produtividade do trabalho do serviço de alvenaria de elevação. A metodologia se baseou na seleção de atributos, mineração de dados e redes neurais. Foram coletados indicadores diários de produtividade, cada um deles associados a 24 fatores passíveis de afetá-los, nas cidades de Florianópolis-SC e Maringá-PR. Esses dados, após serem tratados e normalizados, foram selecionados pelas ferramentas de seleção de atributos information gain, Qui-quadrado e heurística Correlationbased Feature Selection (CFS). Para se identificar os fatores de maior influência, os dados passaram por processo de mineração de dados, com o uso de um algoritmo de classificação. O sistema de informação desenvolvido foi baseado em redes neurais de múltiplas camadas alimentadas adiante, treinadas com o algoritmo de retropropagação do erro (error back-propagation), sendo sua capacidade de generalização analisada em experimentos mediante matriz de confusão e coeficiente Kappa. Os métodos de seleção de atributos associados à mineração de dados permitiram reduzir o número de fatores a serem analisados, bem como selecionar aqueles de maior impacto nos indicadores de produtividade, sem a presença de considerações subjetivas. A partir da mineração de dados, constatou-se diferentes níveis de influência dos atributos na produtividade, entretanto ficou evidente a influência da forma de pagamento da mão-de-obra nos níveis de produtividade. O sistema de informações desenvolvido é capaz de fazer a predição de índices de produtividade e selecionar o conjunto de atributos que proporcionam maior acurácia de generalização. Nos resultados das experimentações, as predições atingiram uma mediana acurácia, em torno de 70% de acerto para o conjunto de teste. Indicators of labour productivity are important factors for the system of production of civil construction, in the information delivery of the project#s financial planning, and for the physical-financial programming, and control of the production process. On the basis of these considerations, the purpose of this research is to develop a management information system to predict the levels of productivity that should occur due to the predetermined environmental conditions, considering the factors that significantly affect masonry productivity. The methodology was based on the selection of attributes, data mining and neural networks. Daily indicators of productivity were collected, each one of them was associated to 24 factors that could affect them in the cities of Florianopolis-SC and Maringá-PR. These data, after being treated and standardized, were selected by the tools of attributes selection information gain, chi-square and heuristic-based Correlation Feature Selection (CFS). To identify the factors that have the most influence, the data went through a data mining, with the use of decision tree algorithm. The developed information system was based on neural networks of multiple layers fed ahead, trained with the algorithm of error back-propagation. Its ability of generation was analyzed in experiments by matrix of confusion and Kappa coefficient. The attribute selection methods associated with data mining allowed to reduce the number of factors to be analyzed as well select the ones with greater impact on indicators of productivity, without the presence of subjective considerations. From the data mining it was verified different levels of influence of the attributes of productivity, however the influence of the labour form of payment was evident. The information system developed is capable of generating prediction of the productivity rates and selects the group of attributes that provide greater generalization accuracy. In the results of experiments, the predictions reached a median accuracy, around 70% of hit for the whole test.