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The Sino-Soviet Split of the late 1950s and the beginning of the 1960s was a multidimensional crisis of nationalism, national interests, domestic politics, personal problems, cultural differences, border issues, Soviet-American détente, communication misunderstanding, and different interpretations of ideology. The goal of this diploma thesis is to analyse the important domestic and foreign factors which contributed to the worsening of Sino-Soviet relations. In this interdisciplinary study, the author wants to over bridge the differences between Diplomatic History and International Relations Theory, the subfields of History and Political Science. In the first part, there is an analysis of current Sino-Soviet Split historiography (Lorenz Lüthi, Sergey Radchenko, Xia Yafeng, Austin Jersild) by using theories of International Relations (liberalism, realism and constructivism). The second part provides a historical description of the Sino-Soviet Split. Emphasis is placed on the Chinese side and especially regarding the role of Mao Zedong. This thesis focuses on the period between 1958 and 1964, nevertheless it is neccessary to include preceding and subsequent phases of the relations. It is essential due to cultural, ideological and national factors. These factors endured a long time and it would be impossible to...

Submitted by Ivone Costa (mivone@ufpa.br) on 2018-05-18T15:46:14Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação_PerfilTrabalhadorConstrução.pdf: 1677140 bytes, checksum: 3310a99ce01c995d9ae4c5fd0ffb72fe (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ivone Costa (mivone@ufpa.br) on 2018-05-18T15:47:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação_PerfilTrabalhadorConstrução.pdf: 1677140 bytes, checksum: 3310a99ce01c995d9ae4c5fd0ffb72fe (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-18T15:47:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação_PerfilTrabalhadorConstrução.pdf: 1677140 bytes, checksum: 3310a99ce01c995d9ae4c5fd0ffb72fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-17 / A construção civil tem suma importância no desenvolvimento de uma região, criando vários postos de trabalho que, quando bem relacionados, geram o produto final com qualidade. Sua mão de obra geralmente é pouco qualificada em termos de estudos, discriminada e desvalorizada. Além disso, destacam-se ainda as altas taxas de acidentes relacionados à atividade laboral e seus efeitos que afetam não apenas os trabalhadores, mas seus familiares e à empresa. Para conhecer essa mão de obra, o presente estudo teve como objetivo principal traçar o perfil do trabalhador da construção civil da Região Metropolitana de Belém-PA, através de um estudo de caso com aplicação de questionário, dividido em 3 tópicos importantes: pessoal, socioeconômico e conhecimentos profissionais, aplicado a 450 trabalhadores em diversos canteiros de obras de 12 empresas da indústria da construção civil. Como principais resultados, obteve-se que 32,0% têm o ensino médio completo, 86,0% recebem até 2 salários mínimos, 32,9% estão na indústria da construção civil entre 2 e 5 anos, 69,0% possuem casa própria e 61,8%, sentem dores, principalmente nas costas, lombar e braços. Esta pesquisa servirá de incentivo para a realização de novos estudos em qualificação e segurança do trabalho, relacionados à satisfação e melhoria das condições de vida desses trabalhadores, aumento da produtividade e redução de custos para a empresa. / The civil construction has great importance in development of a region, creating several workstations that, when well connected, generate the final product with quality. Its labour is generally low-qualified in study terms, discriminated and devalued. Besides, we also highlighted the high accident rates related to labor activity and their affects affect not only the workers, but their families and the company. In order to know that labour, this present study had as main objective to trace the worker’s profile of the civil construction in the Belém Metropolitan Region (PA), through a case study with applying a questionnaire, divided in 3 important topics: personal, socioeconomic and professional knowledge, applied to 450 workers in several construct sites of 12 companies of civil construction’s industry. As main results, obtained that 32,0% have completed high school, 86,0% receive up 2 minimum wage, 32,9% are at civil construction’s industry between 2 and 5 years, 69,0% have own houses and 61,8% feel pains, mainly in the backs, lumbar and arms. This research will serve as an incentive for the realization of new studies in qualification and workplace safety, associated to satisfaction and improving people's living conditions of these workers, increasing in productivity and reduction of costs for the company.

In the 1940s, Sweden adopted a policy known as Det fria kriget (approximately translated to The Free War) which was a conceptualization of a war in which its homeland had suffered a major invasion by a malignant and far stronger opponent. Det fria kriget remains, to this day, mostly a set of instructions outlining how the military were to reorganize itself, at that point, to uphold the nations military resilience. This paper compares, contrasts, and discusses established conceptualizations of guerrilla warfare along the traditions of Sun Tzu, Lenin, Mao, and Che Guevara and concludes that Det fria kriget is in fact a conceptualization of Swedish guerrilla warfare. This paper calls to action a deeper understanding of the tradition and how it might have changed up until today, if it is to serve the nation’s interests come tomorrow as well.

全文壹冊，共約六萬字，除導論及結論外，另列四章，每章又分三至六節不等。 導論在說明研究之動機，採取之方法及引用之資料。第一、二兩章則分別敘述「政治 文化」及「意識型態」兩概念形成之原因，澄清概念定義之歧義，及確定概念所包括 之具體內容以確立分析之架構。第三、四兩章則本前述架構以陳述中國政治文化及毛 共意識型態之內涵。最後以導出中國政治文化與毛共意識型態二者之因果、主從等關 係為結論。 本研究以敘明現象及事實為手段，以確立概念所含之變數關係為目標，不作價值判斷 ，不作動向預測。

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The growing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a global health crisis that threatens the effectiveness of antibiotics in medical treatment. Increases in the number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and a drop in the pharmaceutical development of novel antibiotics have combined to form a situation that is rapidly increasing the likelihood of a post-antibiotic era. The development of antibiotics with novel enzymatic targets is critical to stall this growing crisis. In silico methods of molecular modeling and drug design were utilized in the development of novel tryptamine analogs as potential antibiotics through their inhibition of the bacterial enzyme tryptophan synthase. Following the creation of novel tryptamine analogs, the molecules were analyzed in silico to determine their binding affinity to human MAOB and the E. coli α-subunit, E. coli β2-dimer and the M. tuberculosis β2-dimer of tryptophan synthase. Ten tryptamine analogs displayed significant increases in tryptophan synthase binding affinity and show promise as potential antibiotics and antibiotic adjuvants. Further in silico modeling determined that the binding sites of the tryptamine analogs were similar to wild-type tryptamine in the E. coli β2-dimer, the M. tuberculosis β2-dimer and human MAOB, while the analogs’ binding sites to the E. coli α-subunit differed. Although no tryptamine analogs increased tryptophan synthase binding affinity while decreasing human MAOB binding affinity, related increases in MAOB binding affinity warrants further research into the analogs’ potentials as MAO inhibitors. Given the increases in tryptophan synthase binding affinity and similar β2-dimer binding sites, a provisional patent was filed on the ten identified tryptamine analogs. Moving forward, we recommend the synthesis of the ten identified tryptamine analogs. Following synthesis, further research should be conducted to determine the in vitro and in vivo antibiotic properties of the ten tryptamine analogs.

<p>This dissertation examines the visual production of capital in socialist realist images during the Maoist era (1949-1976). By deconstructing the pseudo-opposition between capitalism and socialism, my research demonstrates that, although the country was subject to the unchallenged rules of capital and its accumulation in both domestic and international spheres, Maoist visual culture was intended to veil China's state capitalism and construct its socialist persona. This historical analysis illustrates the ways in which the Maoist regime recoded and resolved the versatile contradictions of capital in an imaginary socialist utopia. Under these conditions, a wide spectrum of Maoist images played a key role in shaping the public perception of socialism as a reality in everyday lives. Here the aesthetic protocols of socialist realism functioned to create for the imagined socialist world a new currency that converted economic values, which followed the universal laws of capital, into the fetish of socialism. Such a collective "cognitive mapping" in Fredric Jameson's words - which situated people in the non-capitalist, socialist world and inserted them into the flow of socialist time - rendered imperceptible a mutated capitalism on the terrain of the People's Republic of China under Mao. This research aims to build a conversation between the real, material space subordinated to the laws of capital and the visual production of imaginary capital in the landscapes of socialist realism, for the purpose of mapping out how uneven geographical development contributed to activating, dispersing, and intensifying the global movement of Soviet and Chinese capital in the cultural form of socialist realism. This study also illustrates how, via the image-making process, socialist realist and Maoist images influenced by Mao's romantic vision of the countryside were meant to neutralize this uneven development in China and mask its on-going internal colonialism. Through this analysis, I argue that, in the interesting juncture where art for art's sake and art for politics intersected, Maoist visual culture ended up reproducing the hegemony of capital as a means of creating national wealth.</p> / Dissertation

Die Glutamat-vermittelte Exzitotoxizität gilt als einer der wichtigsten neuropathologischen Faktoren der HIV-Demenz: Während Glutamat in physiologischer Konzentration als exzitatorischer Neurotransmitter fungiert, wirkt es in zu hoher Konzentration neurotoxisch. In vorliegender Arbeit wurde mittels Western Blotting die Proteinexpression der exzitatorischen Aminosäuretransporter EAAT1 und EAAT2 gemessen, die vor allem für den Abtransport von Glutamat aus dem synaptischen Spalt sorgen. Hierzu wurden Gehirne von mit dem simianen Immundefizienz Virus (SIV) infizierten chinesischen und indischen Rhesusaffen verwendet. SIV verursacht im SIV-Rhesusaffenmodell ähnliche Schäden wie das humane Immundefizienz Virus (HIV) beim Menschen. Zur Entstehung der SIV-Enzephalitis tragen, wie auch bei der HIV-Demenz, aktivierte Monozyten und Mikroglia bei, die u.a. das Neurotoxin Tumornekrosefaktor-alpha (TNF-alpha) sezernieren. Dessen Protein- und Genexpression wurde mittels ELISA und Real-Time-PCR ausgewertet. Für die vorliegende Arbeit wurden zwei für die HIV-Demenz besonders relevante Gehirnregionen ausgewählt: das Putamen, das als Teil der Basalganglien für die extrapyramidale Steuerung der Motorik zuständig ist, und der Nucleus Accumbens, der affektives und motivationales Verhalten in Bewegungsabläufe integriert. Als potentielle Pharmaka wurden der MAO-B-Hemmer Selegilin, der NMDAR-Antagonist Memantin sowie die Antioxidantien N-Acetylcystein (NAC) und Melatonin getestet. Es gelang in vorliegender Arbeit erstmals, eine Störung der Proteinexpression der glutamatergen Transporter EAAT1 und EAAT2 im Putamen mit zunehmender Dauer der SIV-Infektion und ihren dramatischen Verlust bei Entwicklung von AIDS nachzuweisen. Im Nucleus Accumbens fand sich eine relativ konstante Proteinexpression des EAAT1 und EAAT2 im Verlauf der SIV-Infektion. Weiterhin konnte ein Anstieg des TNF-alpha mit fortschreitender Infektionsdauer hinsichtlich der Genexpression im Putamen und der Proteinexpression im Nucleus Accumbens nachgewiesen werden. Die fehlende Eignung von Selegilin als neuroprotektive Substanz im Rahmen der SIV-Enzephalitis wurde repliziert. Memantin, NAC und Melatonin hingegen verbesserten in weiten Teilen die Expression von EAAT1 und EAAT2 und wirkten immunstimulierend, was sie zu interessanten Kandidaten für eine neuroprotektive Medikation macht. In beiden Hirnregionen zeigte sich bei den indischen Rhesusaffen eine höhere TNF-alpha-Expression als bei den chinesischen Tieren. Dies entspricht der Beobachtung, dass die SIV-Infektion bei indischen Rhesusaffen meist schneller und schwerer verläuft. / Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity is considered one of the major neuropathological factors inducing HIV dementia: serving as an excitatory neurotransmitter in physiological concentration, glutamate exerts neurotoxic effects if secreted excessively. In the present study, the protein expression level of the excitatory amino acid transporters EAAT1 and EAAT2, which are responsible for the removal of glutamate from the synaptic cleft, was analyzed via Western Blotting. For this purpose, brains of Chinese and Indian macaques infected with the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) were used. SIV causes similar symptoms in the SIV/macaque model as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) does in humans. Similar to HIV-dementia, the development of SIV-encephalitis is triggered by activated monocytes and microglia, which secrete – among other things - the neurotoxin tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). TNF-alpha protein and gene expression was examined using ELISA and real-time-PCR. For the present study, two brain regions were chosen due to their specific relevance for HIV-dementia: first the putamen, which is part of the basal ganglia and exerts influence on extrapyramidal motion sequences, and second the nucleus accumbens, which integrates affective and motivational behavior in motor activity. The MAO-B-inhibitor selegiline, the NMDAR-antagonist memantine and the antioxidants N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) and melatonin were tested as potential pharmaceuticals. For the first time ever, the present study shows a disruption of protein expression of the glutamatergic transporters EAAT1 and EAAT2 in the putamen during an SIV infection, and a dramatic loss of EAATs associated with the development of AIDS. In the nucleus accumbens, a relatively constant protein expression of EAAT1 and EAAT2 was found during the progression of the SIV infection. Additionally it has been proved that TNF-alpha gene expression in the putamen and TNF-alpha protein expression in the nucleus accumbens increase in the course of an SIV infection. It was replicated that selegiline is unsuitable as a neuroprotective agent regarding SIV encephalitis. Memantine, NAC and melatonin, on the other hand, largely improved the expression of EAAT1 and EAAT2, and stimulated the immune system, so that these substances can be taken into consideration as possible neuroprotective pharmaceuticals. In both brain regions, the Indian macaques showed a higher TNF-alpha expression level than the Chinese macaques. This finding corresponds to the fact that the course of an SIV infection is faster and more severe in Indian macaques.

Lee Wai Kit Clifford. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2000-2001, design report." / Includes bibliographical references. / Initiation --- p.5 / Introduction --- p.6-7 / About Mao Zedong --- p.8 / Mao's Time Line --- p.9 / Chapter PART I --- Commercialization of Mao Zedong --- p.10-12 / Commercialization of Mao's Image --- p.13-15 / Commercialization of Mao's History --- p.16-25 / Commercialization of Mao's Thought --- p.26-39 / Chapter PART II --- Design Report --- p.40-41 / Shopping Mao --- p.42-47 / Anti-Monopolism --- p.48-53 / The Mass Line --- p.54-67 / The Self Cultivation --- p.68-79 / Appendi x --- p.80-89 / Bib1iography --- p.90-91