Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-12-01T21:10:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LedjaLorenaFerreiraDaCruzMadeiro_DISSERT.pdf: 1388947 bytes, checksum: 0c8746e8be965e4b15a387e2b56f613a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-12-05T19:09:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LedjaLorenaFerreiraDaCruzMadeiro_DISSERT.pdf: 1388947 bytes, checksum: 0c8746e8be965e4b15a387e2b56f613a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-05T19:09:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LedjaLorenaFerreiraDaCruzMadeiro_DISSERT.pdf: 1388947 bytes, checksum: 0c8746e8be965e4b15a387e2b56f613a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-28 / O presente trabalho analisa as Cr?nicas de Origem, de C?mara Cascudo, livro organizado pelo professor da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Raimundo Arrais, que tem como objeto de estudo a cidade de Natal nas cr?nicas cascudianas dos anos 20. A pesquisa tem por objetivo geral analisar a mem?ria individual e a mem?ria coletiva no conjunto de cr?nicas que Lu?s da C?mara Cascudo publicou na imprensa da cidade de Natal ao longo da d?cada de 20 do s?culo passado, visando mostrar a relev?ncia dessa obra de Cascudo n?o s? para Natal e para o Rio Grande do Norte, mas tamb?m para diversos pa?ses e de examinar a rela??o que Cascudo tinha com os seus conterr?neos, que se tornava singular gra?as as afinidades permitidas pelas mem?rias comuns aos interlocutores. Nessa dire??o, para a an?lise espec?fica da representa??o da mem?ria individual e da mem?ria coletiva nas cr?nicas em estudo, temos como aporte te?rico as sistematiza??es do pensamento cr?tico de Halbwachs (2006), Bosi (1976), Le Goff (1996). No que diz respeito ?s quest?es acerca da Tradi??o, tomamos como fundamenta??o o pensamento de Borheim (1987), de Santiago (2002) e de Benjamim (2012). Sobre a autofic??o, recorremos ?s discuss?es de Lejeune (2008). O trabalho n?o ? baseado apenas nesses autores, por?m eles s?o a ?ncora que fundamenta, no geral, toda a pesquisa. Interessa-nos perceber como as mem?rias individuais e as mem?rias sociais se articulam entre si, considerando que a literatura combina e cria a realidade. / The present masters dissertation analyzes ?Cr?nicas de Origem?, from C?mara Cascudo, book organized by Raimundo Arrais, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte professor, which has as study object Natal City in Cascudo?s Chronicles at 20s. The research has as general ob-jective to analyze the individual and collective memory inside Lu?s da C?mara Cascudo Chronicles published in Natal Town Press throughout the 20 decade at the last century, aim-ing to show the Cascudo?s research relevance not only for Natal and Rio Grande do Norte, but also for various countries and examine the relationship Cascudo had with their countrymen, which became singular because of allowed affinities by common memories from informants. In this direction, for the individual and collective memory representation specific analysis in the Chronicles, we have as theoretical supply the systematizations of critical thinking from Halbwachs (2006), Bosi (1976) and Le Goff (1996). With regard to tradition questions, we support as justification Borheim (1987), Santiago (2002) and Benjamin (2012) thoughts. About autofiction, we resort to Lejeune (2008) discussions. The dissertation is not based just on these authors, however they are the basis, in General, for all the research. We are interested in understanding how the individual and social memories fit together with each other, whereas the literature combines and creates the reality.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-02-03T20:04:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BeneditaVieiraDeAndrade_TESE.pdf: 1912968 bytes, checksum: e3cdb0dee4e0d9c03c3c8a688e693008 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-02-03T23:00:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 BeneditaVieiraDeAndrade_TESE.pdf: 1912968 bytes, checksum: e3cdb0dee4e0d9c03c3c8a688e693008 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-03T23:00:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BeneditaVieiraDeAndrade_TESE.pdf: 1912968 bytes, checksum: e3cdb0dee4e0d9c03c3c8a688e693008 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-28 / Este trabalho objetiva abordar a quest?o da constru??o e reconstru??o de representa??es discursivas de C?mara Cascudo no discurso de M?rio de Andrade. Para descrever, analisar e interpretar essas representa??es recorre-se a algumas categorias sem?nticas provenientes da ATD, articulando-as com outras categorias, notadamente, da L?gica de Grize (1996, 1997), da Lingu?stica Textual e da Sem?ntica. Prop?e-se, pois, analisar como essas representa??es s?o constru?das discursivamente, em cartas escritas, por meio de categorias sem?nticas como referencia??o, predica??o, modifica??o, conex?o, localiza??o espacial e temporal. Na fundamenta??o te?rica, articulam-se propostas da An?lise Textual dos Discursos (ATD), concebida pelo linguista Jean-Michel Adam (1990, 2008a, 2011a), da Lingu?stica textual (LT), da Sem?ntica e da L?gica, enfocando, sobretudo, o fen?meno das representa??es discursivas. A abordagem da pesquisa ? qualitativa, com apoio em alguns dados quantitativos (OLIVEIRA, 2012), op??o que torna a an?lise mais rica e completa. Como hip?tese, apresenta-se o fato de que essas categorias possibilitam a (re)constru??o das imagens de interlocutor, constru?das no discurso de M?rio de Andrade, proporcionando uma multiplicidade de representa??es da personalidade do escritor potiguar. O corpus do trabalho se constitui de 20 textos escritos por M?rio de Andrade e enviados a C?mara Cascudo entre os anos de 1924 a 1944, dos quais foram selecionados e analisados 35 fragmentos. Verifica-se, portanto, que ? constru?do, no corpus analisado, um conjunto de representa??es discursivas para C?mara Cascudo, a partir das categorias sem?nticas propostas para an?lise e aplicadas no discurso de M?rio de Andrade. Essas categorias permitem construir e reconstruir as representa??es que emergem nos textos. Dessa forma, a an?lise aponta para a constru??o de um conjunto de diferentes representa??es, destacando-se a representa??o do escritor, do intelectual e do amigo. / This piece of research aims to address the issue on the construction and reconstruction of C?mara Cascudo?s discursive representations in M?rio de Andrade?s discourse. In order to describe, analyze and interpret these representations, we recur to some semantic categories from the Discourse Textual Analysis (DTA) by articulating them with other categories, notably, Grize?s Logic (1996,1997), Text Linguistics and Semantics. Therefore, the purpose is to analyze how these representations are constructed discursively, in written letters, by means of semantic categories such as referentiation, predication, modification, connection and spatial and temporal locations. In the theoretical foundation, proposals of Textual Analysis of Discourses, conceived by the linguist Jean-Michel Adam (1990, 2008a, 2011a), Text Linguistics, Semantics and Logic, focusing, especially, on the phenomenon of discursive representations, are articulated. The research approach is of qualitative nature supported by some quantitative data (OLIVEIRA, 2012); option which makes the analysis richer and comprehensive. As a hypothesis, it is presented the fact that these categories used by M?rio de Andrade, in his discourse, do not only enable the (re)construction of the interlocutor?s images, discursively constructed, but they also provide a multiplicity of information and viewpoints about the RN writer?s personality. The study corpus is constituted of 20 texts written by M?rio de Andrade and sent to C?mara Cascudo between 1924 and 1944, of which 35 fragments were selected and analyzed. However, it can be verified that, in the analyzed corpus, a set of discursive representations is constructed for C?mara Cascudo, from semantic categories proposed for analysis and used in M?rio de Andrade?s discourse. These categories enable to construct and reconstruct the representations that emerge in the texts. Therefore, the analysis points out the construction of a set of different representations, highlighting the representation of the writer, the intellectual and the friend.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-07-11T18:12:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 IsraelVictorLopesDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 3474996 bytes, checksum: 38a532757104280f013a42a0750f78dd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-07-19T18:11:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 IsraelVictorLopesDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 3474996 bytes, checksum: 38a532757104280f013a42a0750f78dd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-19T18:11:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IsraelVictorLopesDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 3474996 bytes, checksum: 38a532757104280f013a42a0750f78dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-16 / Aspectos t?cnico-interpretativos no Quarteto de Cordas N? 2 de Guerra-Peixe vai abordar essa obra de um compositor, considerado um dos grandes expoentes da m?sica brasileira do s?culo XX, que desenvolveu v?rias vertentes em sua carreira, como music?logo, int?rprete, compositor, arranjador de r?dio e cinema, entre outras. Nesse trabalho, procuraremos visualizar na obra em quest?o seus estilos composicionais, apontando fontes que ele tenha bebido e oferecendo os elementos que subsidiar?o escolhas t?cnico-interpretativas para os futuros int?rpretes dessa obra. Com esse fim, foi realizada umaan?lise fonogr?fica comparativa entre grava??es de importantes quartetos brasileiros, entrevistas com m?sicos de relev?ncia no cen?rio nacional e experimenta??es em ensaios e recitais, sempre fazendo uma ponte do Quartetocom outras obras do compositor. Concomitantemente, foi realizada an?lise musicogr?fica entre edi??es manuscritas pelo pr?prio compositor, culminando com uma pr?pria edi??o revista. / Technical and interpretative aspects of the String Quartet No. 2 Guerra-Peixe will approach this work of a composer who is considered one of the greatest exponents of Brazilian music of the twentieth century, who developed several strands in his career as a musicologist, performer, composer, arranger radio and cinema, among others. In this work, we will see in the work in question their compositional styles, pointing sources that he has been drinking and offering elements that will subsidize technical and interpretive choices for future interpreters. After the historical context and esthetics, we will make some brief remarks about the terms performance and interpretation, to support the objective of the work, which will be the interpretation of the work. For that purpose, a comparative analysis was performed between recording of important Brazilian quartets, interviews with relevant players on the national scene and trials in rehearsals and recitals, always making a Quartet bridge with other works by the composer. Concomitantly, it was held analysis of handwritten edits by the composer, culminating with its own revised edition.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-08-09T22:29:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaDaConceicaoSilvaDantasMonteiro_TESE.pdf: 1099942 bytes, checksum: 7607b9f7d95cc69f3688312e6f1d586d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-08-10T20:05:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaDaConceicaoSilvaDantasMonteiro_TESE.pdf: 1099942 bytes, checksum: 7607b9f7d95cc69f3688312e6f1d586d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T20:05:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaDaConceicaoSilvaDantasMonteiro_TESE.pdf: 1099942 bytes, checksum: 7607b9f7d95cc69f3688312e6f1d586d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-30 / Apresentar uma leitura de pref?cios escritos por Lu?s da C?mara Cascudo, a obras liter?rias e n?o liter?rias, a partir da d?cada de 20 do s?culo XX, ? o objetivo desta tese, considerando o voc?bulo no seu significado: ?Latim praefatio, a??o de falar no princ?pio. Sin?nimo de ?pr?logo?, no sentido de texto que precede ou introduz uma obra? (MOIS?S, 1999, p. 416). Nesta pesquisa, entende-se como pref?cio o texto escrito e publicado com o intuito de fornecer informa??es que facilitem a leitura e/ou o entendimento da obra ? qual ele faz refer?ncia, independentemente de vir nas p?ginas iniciais, quando recebe o nome de pr?logo, carta ao leitor, pro?mio, introito, pre?mbulo, introdu??o, etc., ou quando aparece apenas nas ?ltimas p?ginas do livro e passa a intitular-se posf?cio. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, de car?ter biobibliogr?fico e interpretativo, tendo em vista que parte da an?lise de textos e utiliza-se do m?todo indutivo, foca na profundidade do entendimento que o pesquisador tem sobre o objeto pesquisado, no caso espec?fico desta tese os pr?logos cascudianos. Objetiva-se, ainda, buscar entender, por meio desses documentos/monumentos (LE GOFF, 2012), de que modo o autor l? a sua obra e a dos demais autores que recorreram a ele em busca de um texto introdut?rio. O legado deixado pelos pref?cios cascudianos pode permitir uma melhor compreens?o da produ??o liter?ria norte-rio-grandense no s?culo XX, observar de que modo essa produ??o contribuiu para o fortalecimento do sistema liter?rio brasileiro (CANDIDO, 1997) e para a forma??o de uma tradi??o liter?ria no Rio Grande do Norte. Para o estudo desse g?nero recorremos a SALES (2003), TELES (1986/1989/2010), CLEMENTE (1986) e CANDIDO (2005); quanto ? no??o de tradi??o, nos reportamos a ELIOT (1997) e CANDIDO (1997/1980). O conjunto de pref?cios constitui um vasto material de pesquisa que permitir? aos estudiosos das culturas norte-rio-grandense e brasileira darem continuidade ao trabalho iniciado por Lu?s da C?mara Cascudo, ainda em 1921, quando iniciou sua trajet?ria como prefaciador. / Presenting a reading of prefaces written by Lu?s da C?mara Cascudo, related to literary and non-literary books from the early 20TH century (1921-1984), is the goal of this thesis. Considering the word in its meaning: "Latin praefatio, the action of speaking in the commencement. Synonym for 'prologue ', in the sense of text that precedes or introduces a work" (MOIS?S, 1999, p.416). In this research, a preface is understood as the text written and published with the intent to provide information to facilitate reading and/or understanding of the work to which it refers, regardless it is set at initial pages, when it is named as ?prolog?, ?letter to the reader?, ?proem?, ?prelude?, ?preamble, forewords, summary, etc., or when only appears in the last pages of the book and turns to be named as ?afterword?. It is a qualitative research, with a bibliographic and interpretive feature, considering that part of the analysis of texts employs the inductive method, focuses on the depth of understanding that the researcher has on the researched object. For the study of this genre we recourse to Sales (2003), Teles (1986; 1989; 2010), Clemente (1986) and Candido (2005); as for the notion of tradition, we resort to Eliot (1997) and Candido (1997; 1980). The set of prefaces is a wide material for research that will allow scholars of Brazilian culture to continue work started by Lu?s da C?mara Cascudo, still in 1921, when he started his career as a prefacer.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-02-02T14:51:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 HudsonDeSousaRibeiro_DISSERT.pdf: 24014474 bytes, checksum: 98aa9b3af11207e0f6d6377e7b55277b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-02-09T18:11:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 HudsonDeSousaRibeiro_DISSERT.pdf: 24014474 bytes, checksum: 98aa9b3af11207e0f6d6377e7b55277b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-09T18:11:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HudsonDeSousaRibeiro_DISSERT.pdf: 24014474 bytes, checksum: 98aa9b3af11207e0f6d6377e7b55277b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-10 / O presente trabalho discutir? sobre o Concertino para Clarinete e Orquestra de C?mara de Jos? de Lima Siqueira (1907-1985) atrav?s de uma abordagem interpretativa. Trata-se de uma obra para clarineta solista e orquestra reduzida, escrita em 1969 e dedicada ao clarinetista brasileiro Jos? Cardoso Botelho. O objetivo deste trabalho ? estudar as caracter?sticas musicais e as possibilidades interpretativas visulizadas, al?m da narrativa de aprendizado do autor desta pesquisa e uma sugest?o de como tocar o ?Mi b2? com uma clarineta boehm de 17/18 chaves na cad?ncia. O trabalho est? dividido em: introdu??o onde abordaremos o elo entre o compositor e o int?rprete; cap?tulo 1, onde traremos uma revis?o bibliogr?fica e informa??es relevantes sobre o compositor; No Cap?tulo 2 iremos expor uma an?lise da obra e informa??es sobre Jos? Botelho e de como ele executou esta obra; finalmente, no cap?tulo 3 evidenciaremos sugest?es de como se vencer as passagens t?cnicas de alta complexidade existentes. / This paper will discuss the Concertino for Clarinet and Jos? Chamber Orchestra of Lima Siqueira (1907-1985) through an interpretative approach. This is a work for clarinet soloist and chamber orchestra, written in 1969 and dedicated to the Brazilian clarinetist Jos? Cardoso Botelho. The aim of this work is study musical characteristics and displaying interpretative possibilities, as well as the author of this research, learning narrative and a suggestion of how to play the Mi flat 2 with a clarinet 17/18 keys in Cadence. The work is divided into introduction where we discuss the link between the composer and the performer, chapter 2 we will bring a literature review and relevant information about the composer. In chapter 3 we?re going to expose analysis of the piece and information on Jos? Botelho and how he performed this work, finally, in chapter 4 we will evidence suggestions on how to overcome the existing technical passages of high complexity.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-11-01T23:07:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JulioCesarVieiraDeAlencar_DISSERT.pdf: 2586474 bytes, checksum: bb7eee5040cdc3a03e4f2852beeaee10 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-11-14T23:46:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JulioCesarVieiraDeAlencar_DISSERT.pdf: 2586474 bytes, checksum: bb7eee5040cdc3a03e4f2852beeaee10 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-14T23:46:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JulioCesarVieiraDeAlencar_DISSERT.pdf: 2586474 bytes, checksum: bb7eee5040cdc3a03e4f2852beeaee10 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-30 / Neste trabalho pretendemos analisar o papel desempenhado pelo Senado da C?mara da cidade do Natal no processo de conquista do sert?o da capitania do Rio Grande, a partir da atua??o dessa institui??o e dos homens que nela exerceram cargos oficiais durante a chamada Guerra dos B?rbaros, cujos acontecimentos se desenrolaram entre as duas ?ltimas d?cadas do s?culo XVII e as duas primeiras d?cadas do s?culo XVIII. Consideramos que, estabelecida no litoral desde o in?cio do s?culo XVII, a C?mara de Natal foi constitu?da por indiv?duos que atuaram, juntamente com outros personagens, no sentido de ordenar e efetivar a conquista colonial sobre os vastos sert?es do Rio Grande. Dessa maneira, percebemos, atrav?s da leitura da documenta??o camarista, que o sert?o e a cidade do Natal seriam espa?os considerados como opostos, a saber, o mundo do caos e da falta de controle r?gio, em contraposi??o ao mundo da ordem e da cristandade, representado pelo litoral e pelas institui??es civis e eclesi?sticas nele estabelecidas. Mesmo constru?do a partir do litoral como o espa?o da selvageria e da barb?rie, o sert?o colonial tamb?m era encarado como um espa?o vazio e dispon?vel, possibilitando o avan?o da coloniza??o e a gera??o de riquezas para a Coroa e para os moradores da Am?rica portuguesa, o que despertava o interesse dos diferentes grupos e atores sociais envolvidos no processo de conquista, gerando diversos conflitos entre eles. Assim, partimos principalmente da documenta??o oficial produzida pelos camar?rios da cidade do Natal ? nas atas de reuni?es da C?mara ou em comunica??o com outras autoridades da capitania do Rio Grande e do Estado do Brasil, e com o pr?prio centro do imp?rio ? para analisar de que maneira as concep??es predominantes na sociedade colonial sobre os sert?es e sobre os povos que neles habitavam, al?m dos interesses ligados ? efetiva??o da conquista sobre tais espa?os, influenciaram as a??es que tornaram poss?vel a sua conquista. / En este trabajo pretendemos analizar el papel desempe?ado por el Senado de la C?mara de la ciudad de Natal en el proceso de conquista del Sert?o de la capitan?a del Rio Grande, desde la actuaci?n de esa instituci?n y de los hombres que en ella ejercieron cargos oficiales durante la llamada Guerra de los B?rbaros, cuyos acontecimientos se desarrollaron entre las dos ?ltimas d?cadas del siglo XVII y las dos primeras d?cadas del siglo XVIII. Consideramos que, establecida en la costa desde el inicio del siglo XVII, la C?mara de Natal fue constituida por individuos que actuaron juntamente con otros personajes, en el sentido de ordenar y realizar la conquista colonial sobre los vastos sert?es de Rio Grande. De ese modo, percibimos, a trav?s de la lectura de la documentaci?n de la C?mara, que el sert?o y la ciudad de Natal serian espacios considerados como opuestos, o sea, el mundo del caos y de la falta de control regio, en contraposici?n al mundo del orden y de la cristiandad, representado por la costa y por las instituciones civiles y eclesi?sticas pertenecientes a ?l. Incluso construido a partir de la costa como el espacio de salvajismo y de la barbarie, el sert?o colonial tambi?n era visto como un espacio vac?o y disponible, posibilitando el avance de la colonizaci?n y el aumento de riquezas para la Corona y para los habitantes de Am?rica portuguesa, lo que despertaba el inter?s de los distintos grupos y actores sociales involucrados en el proceso de conquista, generando conflictos entre ellos. Por lo tanto, empezamos principalmente por la documentaci?n oficial producida por los oficiales de C?mara de la ciudad de Natal ? en las actas de reuniones de la C?mara o en comunicaci?n con otras autoridades de la capitan?a de Rio Grande y del Estado de Brasil, y con el propio centro del imperio ? para analizar de qu? manera las concepciones predominantes en la sociedad colonial sobre los sert?es y sobre todos los habitantes que viv?an all?, adem?s de los intereses enlazados a la realizaci?n de la conquista sobre tales espacios, influenciaron las acciones que hicieron posible su conquista.

Cytosolic protein degradation is crucial for cellular homeostasis as it orchestrates protein turnover by destruction of misfolded, unstable and abnormal proteins. This process has two main stages: (i) an ATP-dependent stage mediated by unfoldases and proteases, and (ii) an ATP-independent stage mediated by various peptidases. The ATP dependent proteases recognise target proteins and cleave them into smaller peptides. These enzymes comprise the ATPase-family-associated-with-various-cellular-activities domain that is important for unfolding target proteins. Subsequently, unfolded proteins enter a barrel-shaped proteolytic chamber, an architecture conserved throughout prokaryotes, archea and eukaryotes, where the peptide bond is hydrolysed in an ATP-independent manner. The smaller peptides released are broken down by ATP-independent peptidases into free amino acids recycled into the cellular pool. In prokaryotes, major cellular protein degradation functions are performed by Clp and Lon proteases. Earlier studies in our laboratory have shown the role of an ATP-independent peptidase, AminopeptidaseN, in sodium salicylate (NaSal) induced growth inhibition. NaSal belongs to the family of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and its acetyl ester, Aspirin, is a very widely used analgesic. It is produced by plants as a defence response and is known to cause different effects, including xenobiotic stress i. e. stress mediated by compounds which are not naturally produced or expected to be present in the organism in bacteria. In bacteria, salicylate modulates outer membrane proteins, virulence factors, and reduces motility. In addition, NaSal is able induce “phenotypic antibiotic resistance” by binding to MarR and de-repressing the mar operon. NaSal promotes the dissociation of MarR from the promoter site leading to transcription of MarA, a transcription factor that induces several genes that encode the AcrAB-TolC pump which effluxes multiple antibiotics from the cell. The present study investigates the possible roles of ATP-dependent proteases, Lon and Clp, during growth reduction of E. coli induced with high (2-3 mM) amounts of NaSal. The growth of the Lon mutant (lon), but not clpP, was found to be greatly reduced with high doses of NaSal in the media. Our hypothesis was that the lack of Lon led to the accumulation of high amounts of substrate proteins, which led to its greater sensitivity with high doses of NaSal. To identify the substrate protein/s and to better understand the mechanism of action, single and double mutants (with lon) of E. coli lacking several prominent Lon substrates, i.e. MarA, RcsA, StpA, SulA and UmuD, were generated and screened for rescue of growth with 2-3 mM NaSal. MarA, a transcription factor, was identified to be important during NaSal-induced growth reduction. It modulates outer membrane proteins and induces the AcrAB-TolC pump that increases the efflux of antibiotics from the cell. Also, RT-PCR analysis revealed that the levels of marA and its targets, acrA and acrB, were higher in the lon strain suggesting that the MarA protein levels were stabilised the cell in the absence of Lon. Further studies using approriate strains demonstrated that one of the effectors of MarA, i.e. the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump, was not involved in the NaSal-induced growth inhibition of lon. Therefore, in presence of higher doses of NaSal, MarA is upregulated due to de-repression of the operon. The levels of MarA are regulated by Lon via degradation but in the absence of Lon, MarA levels are stabilised and lead to upregulation of MarA and its target genes like AcrAB-TolC. This study identifies higher amounts of MarA to be responsible for NaSal-induced growth inhibition of lon. Subsequently, experiments were conducted to demonstrate the role of MarA and its targets in antibiotic resistance with low dose (0.5 mM) NaSal that does not affect growth. This low dose of NaSal was able to upregulate marA and its target genes, acrA, acrB and tolC. Quantification of antibiotic resistance further revealed an induction in resistance by 0.5 mM NaSal in a MarA- and AcrB-dependent fashion. Studies using atomic force microscopy demonstrated that ciprofloxacin-induced cell elongation was lower in lon due to higher levels of MarA. Therefore, low dose of NaSal is capable of upregulating MarA and inducing antibiotic resistance but does not affect cell growth. This part of the study addresses the roles of Lon protease, its substrate MarA and MarA-induced targets, e.g. AcrB, during NaSal-mediated growth reduction and antibiotic resistance. The factors contributing to antibiotic resistance in bacteria are an important area of study for the global public health care system. Antibiotic resistance can be acquired by transmittance of genetic material, accumulation of antibiotic resistant mutations in the target molecule or can be induced by certain compounds present in the environment like NaSal. For rapid identification of compounds that may behave in a similar fashion as NaSal, a 96-well plate based screen was developed utilising the growth inhibition feature of the lon strain. The compounds were selected on the basis of their structural (phenolic compounds) and functional (Non-Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs or NSAIDs) similarity to NaSal. Through this screen, four compounds were identified that lowered the growth of lon more than that of wild type strain and may be important in inducing phenotypic antibiotic resistance: Acetaminophen (anti-pyretic), Ibuprofen (NSAID), and two phenolic uncouplers, Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) and 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP). Notably, another compound Phenylbutazone (NSAID), which is used to lower inflammation in animals, did not reduce the growth of E. coli. RNA expression analysis revealed that these four compounds, but not phenylbutazone, induced the expression of marA and its target gene involved in antibiotic efflux, acrB. Furthermore, dose dependent and comparative studies with Nasal demonstrated differential effects of these four compounds in inducing antibiotic resistance with respect to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline and nalidixic acid. The two uncouplers were much more effective in inducing antibiotic resistance at lower doses than the NSAIDs. As NSAIDs are clinically important compounds, the study suggests that it would be desirable to screen them for induction of antibiotic resistance. The approach elucidated in this study has the potential to identify additional compounds present in the environment that may contribute to antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Overall, this study delineates the roles of Lon protease and its substrate, MarA, during NaSal-mediated responses, involving antibiotic resistance and/or growth reduction in E. coli. In addition, four other compounds were identified that could induce phenotypic antibiotic resistance in E. coli in a MarA-dependent manner. These observations may have implications in the adaptation of bacteria under different environmental conditions.

To keep in mind while reading and focus of the thesis: -       Sustainable tourism, what is it and who is it for?  -       How can the tourist industry affect cultures?  -       Why do some hosting population fear culture losses but happily receive tourists?  -       Why do people choose to travel?  -       What and how can I as an individual contribute?    The numbers of international tourists are steadily increasing along globalization, which makes it an important phenomenon to highlight. The tourist industry contributes to global development, which would preferably be done through sustainability’s three pillars: economically, socially, and environmentally. Sustainable development and eco-tourism are the main fields for this research. Based on the wish to avoid disturbing peace and harming people, the topic is relevant to investigate. The field study aims to explore and understand the correlations between the development of the tourist industry and the Maasai communities.    Different stakeholders were defined within the tourist industry, to collect various perspectives on this matter through semi-structured interviews and field observations. I choose to investigate the topic by focusing on the world known ethnic group Maasai´s. By centering the conditions of a village based in Siana conservancy, which is located next to Maasai Mara in Kenya. The village consists of habitats who practice traditional and culture settlements. Thus, the interest of the study is to explore and explain why Maasai cannot be viewed as an homogenic ethnic group, with the aim to reduce assumptions.    Social Exchange Theory (SET) was applied as a lens to analyze the findings. To discuss possible reasonings when calculating expected outcomes made by the stakeholders, whether to socially interact based on the key principles in the theory: evaluating profits versus costs before socially engaging.    The findings identify complications with the social exchange that the tourist industry implies. However, the Maasai´s culture based on livestock came to be a central topic from the stakeholder’s perspectives while I was processing and writing the findings. Furthermore, other topics that were highlighted were: education, equity, and education. Lastly, the village members shared a significant fear regarding culture loss, even though they welcomed the root cause of it to continue and even expand - tourism.

The purpose with this essay is to investigate how different theories about literary competence can help us understand why Sven Delblanc’s novel Änkan and Mara Lee’s novel Ladies have generated so many various interpretations as they have. To fulfill this purpose a comparative study of book reviews about the two novels Änkan and Ladies has been made. The theories about literary competence that have been used in this study are Joseph Appleyard’s theory about reader-roles, Judith Langer’s theory about imaginary worlds and Magnus Persson’s theory about genre perspectives. The results that are presented in this study are that those book reviews that express expectations about the novels as being genre-typical are often more disappointed about the reading experience than those readers who have expectations about the novels as being genre-transgressing and with deeper meaning. The discussion about genres has therefore given an interesting perspective about the correlation between the readers’ expectations and the many, various interpretations that follow.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:41:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 386512.pdf: 557025 bytes, checksum: f5bd94898ee93cb3aa536f1b48ab0223 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-01-04 / Esta pesquisa lan?a olhares sobre algumas das rela??es de conflito entre os protagonistas pol?ticos e os mediadores da comunica??o p?blica, originadas em ambientes p?blicos de matriz pol?tica com cargos eletivos sujeitos ao voto direto da popula??o (vereadores), cargos de confian?a na cadeia comunicativa oficial pass?veis de indica??o pol?tica direta (jornalistas CCs instalados na Assessoria de Comunica??o Social) e servidores p?blicos concursados em posi??es equivalentes a estes ?ltimos (jornalistas concursados investidos em cargos na Assessoria de Comunica??o Social). Trata-se de uma discuss?o que preocupa e inquieta os profissionais de jornalismo envolvidos em atividades de assessoria de imprensa ligadas ao setor p?blico, mais evidentemente aos ?rg?os p?blicos diretamente relacionados com a pol?tica; no caso em proposta, aos parlamentos. Mas concerne n?o s? a eles, e sim a toda a sociedade como interessada direta nos seus resultados. Esta inquieta??o, e a conseq?ente discuss?o, s?o causadas, basicamente, pelas diferentes formas de vincula??o, tanto institucionais como trabalhistas destes profissionais aos processos de constru??o e distribui??o da informa??o a partir destes ambientes e, tamb?m, pelas diferentes compreens?es dos protagonistas da vida pol?tica e dos seus mediadores oficiais, sobre o que ? a fun??o e o objetivo da assessoria de imprensa (ou de comunica??o social, como se preferir) de um parlamento, qual seu p?blico e o que oferecer a ele.O racioc?nio desenvolve-se conduzindo a argumenta??o atrav?s de conceitos isolados, como os de jornalismo, opini?o p?blica e assessoria de imprensa, a fim de permitir uma contextualiza??o de sua converg?ncia para gerar o fen?meno da comunica??o p?blica oferecida pelos parlamentos ? sociedade. Mais do que indicar respostas, esta pesquisa levanta 8 questionamentos a partir da observa??o direta de um caso particular facilmente observ?vel em outros contextos.