This study examined possible factors that may influence parental approval for their adult child's engaged relationship. A total of 4,175 individuals completed the RELATE inventory. Among the items in the questionnaire were measures of parental approval, parents' marital quality, autonomy from family-of-origin, and relationship quality. Individuals also reported age, education, length of relationship, parents' marital status, and parents' socioeconomic status. Results from the linear regression analysis indicate that age, parental marital quality, autonomy from family-of-origin, and couple relationship quality all influence parental approval. What is interesting about these findings is the difference in the predictive power of males versus females. The female models accounted for much more variance than the males models, suggesting that approval may be more important to females among other possibilities which are discussed in depth. Length of the relationship and parental marital status did not influence parental approval. Clinical implications and directions for future research are discussed.

Household-level characteristics have been shown to be associated with food insecurity but studies among vulnerable populations are sparse. A food security assessment was developed to determine food security and collect sociodemographic and household level data across San Luis Obispo County. The assessments were administered to vulnerable groups through interviews at multiple sites across the County. Three household characteristics (marital status, number of children in the household and number of workers in the household) were examined in this analysis. A total of 808 surveys were collected, 69% in English and 31% in Spanish. Through ethnicity-stratified sequentially adjusted logistic regression models, the association between food insecurity and household characteristics were tested, controlling for sociodemographic, economic and other potentially mediating variables. In the fully adjusted model for Hispanic/Latino households, associations were observed with number of children in the household and workers in the household, but confidence intervals were wide. In the fully adjusted model for White households, marital status was weakly associated with food insecurity. In both groups, per capita monthly income was strongly associated with food insecurity. Several interrelated household and individual level variables determined a households food security status. Because of this complexity, comprehensive social and economic changes are needed to improve food security in California and the rest of the United States. Also, different processes associated with race/ethnicity and coping strategies with regard to food insecurity should be considered when designing studies, planning policies, and conducting interventions.

With the advent of a new constitutional dispensation in South Africa, intimate relationships that were not formally recognised, such as customary marriages, became fully recognised through designated legislation. Domestic partnerships are, however, afforded only limited recognition despite compelling reasons that lead people to domestic partnerships. Domestic partners are also discriminated against based on marital status despite a Constitution that forbids discrimination based on equality, human dignity and marital status. The object of this study is to investigate whether there are sufficient grounds to afford domestic partnerships full recognition similar to that granted to civil marriage. This study includes arguments in favour and against the recognition of domestic partnerships and a discussion of the reasons that lead people into domestic partnerships. There will also be an analysis of the draft Domestic Partnership Bill 36 of 2008 to determine the suitability of the draft Bill to regulate domestic partnerships. This investigation is conducted with reference to relevant draft Bills, legislation, and case law. / Private Law / LLM

With the advent of a new constitutional dispensation in South Africa, intimate relationships that were not formally recognised, such as customary marriages, became fully recognised through designated legislation. Domestic partnerships are, however, afforded only limited recognition despite compelling reasons that lead people to domestic partnerships. Domestic partners are also discriminated against based on marital status despite a Constitution that forbids discrimination based on equality, human dignity and marital status. The object of this study is to investigate whether there are sufficient grounds to afford domestic partnerships full recognition similar to that granted to civil marriage. This study includes arguments in favour and against the recognition of domestic partnerships and a discussion of the reasons that lead people into domestic partnerships. There will also be an analysis of the draft Domestic Partnership Bill 36 of 2008 to determine the suitability of the draft Bill to regulate domestic partnerships. This investigation is conducted with reference to relevant draft Bills, legislation, and case law. / Private Law / LL. M.

Syfte Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka samband mellan utbildning, civilstånd och inkomst gentemot upplevd fysisk och psykisk hälsa. Metod Undersökningen är en kvantitativ enkätstudie där totalt 525 individer ingick framförallt från Lidingö, Täby, Haninge, Östermalm och Solna. Åldern på individerna varierade mellan 37 och 89 år och medelåldern var 70,3 år (± 6,6), där cirka en tredjedel var män och två tredjedelar kvinnor. Samtliga har fått besvara frågor med fasta svarsalternativ kring deras upplevda fysiska (kroppslig) samt psykiska (själslig) hälsa och faktorerna inkomst, civilstånd samt utbildningsnivå. Därefter analyserades resultaten för att finna eventuella samvariationer mellan den upplevda hälsan och de specifika faktorerna. Samtliga deltagare har själva ansökt om att få vara med i ett projekt kring hälsa i Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolans regi. Resultat Signifikanta samvariationer fanns mellan upplevd fysisk och psykisk hälsa samt civilstånd där hög hälsa korrelerade med att leva i ett förhållande. I förhållande till inkomstnivå fanns tendenser till samband (dock utan signifikans) där en viss ökning av den upplevda fysiska samt psykiska hälsan noterades för varje inkomstintervall (låg, medel och hög), i synnerhet gentemot den psykiska hälsan. Utbildningsfaktorn visade inga signifikanta samband med grad av upplevd hälsa bland deltagarna. Slutsats Studiens hypotes om en positiv samvariation mellan den upplevda hälsan och samtliga tre livsfaktorer visade sig inte stämma fullt ut för denna grupp med företrädesvis äldre. Den faktor som signifikant korrelerade med upplevd hälsa var civilstånd. Även inkomst visade sig ha tendensen (dock ej signifikant) till ett visst samband med de skattade hälsoparametrarna för den undersökta gruppen. Det är möjligt, med använda arbetsmetoder, att starkare samband skulle fås fram på ett mer slumpmässigt urval av befolkningen. Studien ställer jämväl nya frågor om huruvida sambandet för undersökta faktorer i förhållande till upplevd hälsa eventuellt skiljer sig för olika åldersgrupper.

<p>Svetska&nbsp; zdravstvena&nbsp; organizacija&nbsp; defini&scaron;e kvalitet&nbsp; života kao&nbsp; percepciju&nbsp; pojedinca&nbsp; o sopstvenom&nbsp; položaju&nbsp; u&nbsp; životu&nbsp; u&nbsp; kontekstu kulture i sistema vrednosti u kojima živi kao i prema&nbsp;&nbsp; svojim&nbsp;&nbsp; ciljevima,&nbsp;&nbsp; očekivanjima, standardima&nbsp; i&nbsp; interesovanjima.<br />To&nbsp; je&nbsp; &scaron;irok koncept&nbsp; koga&nbsp; čine:&nbsp; fizičko&nbsp; zdravlje&nbsp; pojedinca, psiholo&scaron;ki&nbsp;&nbsp; status,&nbsp;&nbsp; materijalna&nbsp;&nbsp; nezavisnost, socijalni&nbsp; odnosi&nbsp; i&nbsp; njihovi&nbsp; odnosi&nbsp; prema značajnim karakteristikama spolja&scaron;nje sredine. Procenjuje&nbsp; se&nbsp; da&nbsp; preko&nbsp; bilion&nbsp; ljudi&nbsp; živi&nbsp; sa<br />nekim&nbsp; oblikom&nbsp; invaliditeta,&nbsp; &scaron;to čini oko 15% svetske&nbsp; populacije. Prisustvo bilo&nbsp; kakvog telesnog invaliditeta kod osobe može&nbsp; značajno da utiče na njen psihofizički i socijalni razvoj. Procenjivanje&nbsp; uticaja&nbsp; fizičkog&nbsp; invaliditeta&nbsp; na svakodnevni&nbsp;&nbsp; život&nbsp;&nbsp; odslikava&nbsp;&nbsp; kakvo je funkcionisanje i blagostanje te osobe iz dana u dan i u različitim domenima života, &scaron;to&nbsp; zapravo predstavlja procenu kvaliteta života. Istraživanje&nbsp; predstavlja&nbsp; studiju&nbsp; preseka&nbsp; na uzorku&nbsp; od&nbsp; 227&nbsp; odraslih&nbsp; osoba&nbsp; sa&nbsp; motornim invaliditetom&nbsp; u&nbsp; Vojvodini,&nbsp; koji&nbsp; su&nbsp; članovi udruženja osoba sa invaliditetom. Kao instrument istraživanja kori&scaron;ćen je posebno kreiran&nbsp; upitnik&nbsp; za&nbsp; procenu&nbsp; kvaliteta&nbsp; života osoba sa invaliditetom. Osnovni cilj istraživanja je bio da se proceni kvalitet života osoba sa invaliditetom u odnosu na fizičko, socijalno i emocionalno funkcionisanje kod odraslih osoba sa motornim invaliditetom na teritoriji Vojvodine, kao i da se utvrdi postojanje&nbsp; razlike&nbsp; u&nbsp; kvalitetu&nbsp; života u odnosu na nivo obrazovanja,&nbsp; zaposlenost&nbsp; i bračno stanje. Podaci prikupljeni tokom ankete su kontrolisani&nbsp; na validnost, kodirani&nbsp; i&nbsp; uno&scaron;eni&nbsp; u posebno&nbsp; kreiranu&nbsp; bazu&nbsp; podataka.&nbsp; Odabrana&nbsp; su pitanja&nbsp; i&nbsp; formirani&nbsp; domeni/skale&nbsp; (fizičkog, emocionalnog i&nbsp; socijalnog&nbsp; funkcionisanja&nbsp; i samoprocene&nbsp; zdravlja)&nbsp; na&nbsp; osnovu matrica korelacija,&nbsp; ICC&nbsp; i&nbsp; vrednosti Kronbah&nbsp; alfa. Aritmetička&nbsp; vrednost,&nbsp; mediana,&nbsp; standardna devijacija,&nbsp; minimalna&nbsp; i&nbsp; maksimalna&nbsp; vrednost&nbsp; i 95%&nbsp; interval poverenja&nbsp; su&nbsp; izračunate&nbsp; za&nbsp; svaki domen kvaliteta života. Dobijene vrednosti domena i sumarnih skala su komparirane u odnosu na pol i bračno stanje ispitanika,&nbsp; (t-test, Mann-Whitney&nbsp; test),&nbsp; a ANOVA&nbsp; metodom&nbsp; i&nbsp; Kruskal -Wallis&nbsp; testom&nbsp; je vr&scaron;ena komparacija srednjih vrednosti u odnosu na&nbsp; nivo&nbsp;&nbsp; obrazovanja&nbsp; i status zaposlenosti ispitanika. Za&nbsp; sve&nbsp; testove&nbsp; su&nbsp; navedeni&nbsp; nivoi statističke značajnosti (p vrednosti). Studija je uključila 227 osoba sa motornim invaliditetom&nbsp; u&nbsp; Vojvodini,&nbsp; 120&nbsp; mu&scaron;karaca (52,9%) i 107 žena (47,1%). Prosečna&nbsp; starost ispitanika je bila<br />47 godina. U najvećem broju slučajeva uzrok invaliditeta je povreda (33,0%),<br />zatim&nbsp; neurolo&scaron;ko &nbsp; oboljenje&nbsp; (26,0%), urođena bolest&nbsp; (20,7%), te&scaron;ko&nbsp; reumatsko&nbsp; oboljenje (13,7%),&nbsp; cerebrovaskularni&nbsp; inzult &nbsp; (2,6%) i ostala&nbsp; stanja &nbsp; (4%). U pogledu ortopedskih pomagala,&nbsp; invalidska&nbsp; kolica&nbsp; koristi 30,4% ispitanika, &scaron;tap 37, 0%, &scaron;etalicu 3,1%, aparat za podizanje&nbsp; stopala &nbsp; 3,5%,&nbsp; dok&nbsp; ostatak&nbsp; navodi ostalo (&scaron;take, antidekubitusni krevet...). Psihometrijska analiza je pokazala da je za definisanje domena fizičkog funkcionisanja bilo moguće uključiti 5 pitanja iz upitnika, za domen emocionalnog&nbsp; funkcionisanja 10 pitanja&nbsp; a&nbsp; za domen&nbsp; socijalnog&nbsp; funkcionisanja&nbsp; 3&nbsp; pitanja. Skala za svaki domen se kretala u intervalu od 0 do 100. Set od 5 pitanja uključenih u skalu fizičkog funkcionisanja&nbsp; definisali&nbsp; su&nbsp; kapacitet&nbsp; fizičkih sposobnosti. Prosečna vrednost domena fizičkog&nbsp; funkcionisanja&nbsp; za&nbsp; sve&nbsp; ispitanike&nbsp; je iznosila 85, 0&nbsp; (SD=18.9) sa 95%&nbsp; CI u&nbsp; rasponu od 82,6 do 87,5. Utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika za ovaj domen u odnosu na zaposlenost (p=0.067) dok u odnosu na nivo obrazovanja&nbsp; i bračno stanje nema statistički značajne razlike. Set&nbsp; od 10 pitanja&nbsp;&nbsp; uključenih u skalu emocionalnog funkcionisanja definisali su emocionalni&nbsp;&nbsp; status ispitanika. Prosečna vrednost&nbsp; domena emocionalnog &nbsp; funkcionisanja za sve ispitanike je iznosila 62,5 (SD=20,0) sa 95% CI u rasponu od 59,9 do 65,1. Utvrđena je statistički&nbsp; značajna&nbsp; razlika&nbsp; za&nbsp; ovaj&nbsp; domen&nbsp; u odnosu&nbsp; na nivo&nbsp; obrazovanja (p=0.048) dok&nbsp; u odnosu&nbsp; na&nbsp; zaposlenost&nbsp; i&nbsp; bračno&nbsp; stanje nemastatistički značajne razlike. Set od 3&nbsp; pitanja&nbsp; uključenih u skalu socijalnog funkcionisanja definisali su kapacitet socijalnih aktivnosti. Prosečna vrednost domena socijalnog funkcionisanja&nbsp; za&nbsp; sve&nbsp; ispitanike&nbsp; je iznosila 72,0 &nbsp; (SD=27,6)&nbsp; sa&nbsp; 95% CI u&nbsp; rasponu od 68,4 do 75,6. Utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika za ovaj&nbsp; domen&nbsp; u&nbsp; odnosu na nivo obrazovanja (p=0.067)&nbsp; dok u odnosu na zaposlenost i bračno stanje nema statistički značajne razlike.</p> / <p>The&nbsp; World&nbsp; Health&nbsp; Organization&nbsp; defines quality&nbsp; of&nbsp; life&nbsp; (QoL)&nbsp; as&nbsp; &ldquo;an&nbsp; individual&#39;s<br />perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems where they live and&nbsp; in&nbsp; relation&nbsp; to&nbsp; their&nbsp; goals,&nbsp; expectations,&nbsp;standards&nbsp; and concerns.&nbsp; It&nbsp; is&nbsp; a&nbsp; broad&nbsp; concept affected in a complex way by a person&#39;s physical health, &nbsp;psychological&nbsp; state,&nbsp; personal&nbsp; beliefs, social&nbsp; relationships&nbsp; and&nbsp; their&nbsp; relationship&nbsp; to salient features of their environment.&rdquo;<br />Over&nbsp; a&nbsp; billion&nbsp; people&nbsp; are&nbsp; estimated&nbsp; to&nbsp; live with&nbsp; some&nbsp; form&nbsp; of&nbsp; disability.&nbsp; This&nbsp; corresponds to&nbsp; about&nbsp; 15%&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; world&#39;s&nbsp; population.&nbsp; The presence&nbsp; of&nbsp; any&nbsp; sort&nbsp; of&nbsp; physical&nbsp; disability&nbsp; in person can significantly influence their physical,<br />mental and social development. The assessment of&nbsp; the&nbsp; effects&nbsp; of&nbsp;a&nbsp; disability&nbsp; on&nbsp; every&nbsp; day,&nbsp; life reflects&nbsp; on&nbsp; the&nbsp; functioning&nbsp; and&nbsp; wealth&nbsp; of&nbsp; a&nbsp;person on daily basis and in various segments of life,&nbsp; that&nbsp; actually&nbsp; represents&nbsp; the&nbsp; assessment&nbsp; of their quality of life. The&nbsp; research&nbsp; represents&nbsp; a&nbsp; cross-sectional&nbsp;study of the sample of 227 adults with motoric disability&nbsp; in&nbsp; Vojvodina,&nbsp; who&nbsp; are&nbsp; registered&nbsp; in associations of people with disability. Especially created questionnaire was used to assess quality of life. The&nbsp; aim&nbsp; of&nbsp; this&nbsp; study&nbsp; was&nbsp; to&nbsp; investigate&nbsp; the&nbsp;relationship&nbsp; between&nbsp; physical&nbsp; (PF),&nbsp; emotional (EF) and social functioning&nbsp;(SF) domain of QoL and education level, employment and having life&nbsp;partner of disabled persons.<br />The&nbsp; data&nbsp; collected&nbsp; during&nbsp; the&nbsp; survey&nbsp; were checked for validity, then coded and entered into a specially created database. Тhe questions were&nbsp;selected,&nbsp; four&nbsp; scales&nbsp; / domains&nbsp; (physical, emotional,&nbsp;&nbsp; social&nbsp;&nbsp; functioning&nbsp;&nbsp; and&nbsp;&nbsp; self assessment of health) were formed based on the correlation&nbsp; matrices,&nbsp; intercorrelation&nbsp; cofficient (ICC) and Crombach alpha values. Mean value,&nbsp;median,&nbsp; standard&nbsp; deviation,&nbsp; minimum&nbsp; and maximum values and 95% of confidence interval wаs calculated for all domain of QoL. The values obtained in the field of physical, emotional and social functioning were compared as&nbsp; per&nbsp; gender&nbsp; and&nbsp; marital&nbsp; status&nbsp; of&nbsp; the participants,&nbsp; using&nbsp; t-test,&nbsp; Mann-Whitney&nbsp; test, ANOVA&nbsp; method&nbsp; and&nbsp; Kruskal&nbsp; Wallis&nbsp; test&nbsp; were used&nbsp; to&nbsp; compare&nbsp; the&nbsp; mean&nbsp; values&nbsp; in&nbsp; respect&nbsp; to level of education and employment status of the respondents.&nbsp; For&nbsp; all&nbsp; the&nbsp; tests,&nbsp; the&nbsp; levels&nbsp; of statistical significance (p) were provided. The study involved 227 adults with motoric disability&nbsp; in&nbsp; Vojvodina,&nbsp; 120&nbsp; men&nbsp; (52.9%)&nbsp; and 107&nbsp; women&nbsp; (47.1%).&nbsp; Average&nbsp; age&nbsp; of&nbsp; the participants&nbsp; was&nbsp; 47&nbsp; years&nbsp; of&nbsp; age.&nbsp; The&nbsp; cause&nbsp; of disability&nbsp; in&nbsp; the&nbsp; largest&nbsp; number&nbsp; of&nbsp; the interviewees&nbsp; were&nbsp; the&nbsp; injury&nbsp; (33.0%),&nbsp; then neurological&nbsp;&nbsp; conditions&nbsp;&nbsp; (26.0%),&nbsp;&nbsp; inborn condition&nbsp; (20.7%),&nbsp; serious&nbsp; rheumatic&nbsp; disease (13.7%), cerebrovascular insult (2.6%) and other (4%).&nbsp; As&nbsp; for&nbsp; the&nbsp; orthopedic&nbsp; tools,&nbsp; wheelchairs are&nbsp; used&nbsp; by&nbsp; 30.4%&nbsp; participants,&nbsp; stick&nbsp; 37.0%, walker&nbsp; is&nbsp; used&nbsp; by&nbsp; 3.1% &nbsp; and&nbsp; the&nbsp; orthoses&nbsp; for elevating&nbsp; feet&nbsp; 3.5%,&nbsp; whereas&nbsp; the&nbsp; rest&nbsp; of&nbsp; the interviewees&nbsp; state&nbsp; other&nbsp; (different&nbsp; orthopedic tools such as crutches, anti decubitus mattresses etc). Psychometric&nbsp; analysis&nbsp; showed&nbsp; that&nbsp; in&nbsp; order to&nbsp; define&nbsp; the&nbsp; domain&nbsp; on&nbsp; physical&nbsp; functioning from the questionnaire applied it was possible to include&nbsp;&nbsp; the&nbsp;&nbsp; 5&nbsp;&nbsp; questions,&nbsp;&nbsp; for&nbsp;&nbsp; emotional functioning domain 10 questions and for domain on social functioning 3 questions. The sum of all selected questions&nbsp; for&nbsp; every&nbsp; domain&nbsp; forms&nbsp; the scale in the range from 0 to 100. The set of five questions stated for the scale of physical&nbsp;&nbsp; functioning&nbsp; indicate the capacity of physical&nbsp; functioning. The&nbsp; average&nbsp; value&nbsp; of PF domain&nbsp; for&nbsp; all&nbsp; the&nbsp; interviewees&nbsp; is 85.0 (SD=18.9) with 95% CI in the range of 82. 6 to 87.5. The&nbsp; difference&nbsp; in&nbsp; regard&nbsp; to employment status (p=0.067) is&nbsp; statistically&nbsp; significant&nbsp; but there&nbsp; is&nbsp; not&nbsp; satisticlly&nbsp; significant&nbsp; difference&nbsp; in regard level of education and marital status. The set of ten questions stated for the scale of emotional&nbsp; functioning. The average&nbsp; value of EF&nbsp; domain&nbsp; for&nbsp; all&nbsp; the&nbsp; interviewees&nbsp; is 62.5 (SD=20.0) with 95% CI in the range of 59.9 to 65.1.&nbsp; The&nbsp; difference&nbsp; in&nbsp; regard&nbsp; to level&nbsp; of education (p=0.048)&nbsp; is&nbsp; statistically&nbsp; significant but there&nbsp; is&nbsp; not satisticlly&nbsp; significant difference in&nbsp; regard&nbsp; to employment&nbsp; status and&nbsp; marital status. The set of three questions stated for the scale of&nbsp; social&nbsp; functioning&nbsp; indicate&nbsp; the&nbsp; capacity&nbsp; of social&nbsp; interaction.&nbsp; The&nbsp; average&nbsp; value&nbsp; of&nbsp; SF domain&nbsp; for&nbsp; all&nbsp; the&nbsp; interviewees&nbsp; is&nbsp; 72.0 (SD=27.6) with 95% CI in the range of 68.4 to 75.6. The&nbsp;&nbsp; difference&nbsp; in&nbsp; regard&nbsp; to the&nbsp; level&nbsp; of education&nbsp; is&nbsp; statistically&nbsp; significant&nbsp; (p&lt;&nbsp; 0.001) but there&nbsp; is&nbsp; not satisticlly&nbsp; significant difference in&nbsp; regard&nbsp; to&nbsp; employment&nbsp; status&nbsp; and marital status.</p>

Cette thèse examine la façon dont on interprète la santé et le bien-être des travailleuses célibataires et sans enfant au sein de deux types de récits : ceux provenant d’études publiées dans des périodiques (récits scientifiques) et ceux provenant d’entrevues qualitatives avec des membres de ce groupe (récits profanes). Sur le plan démographique, leur nombre est significatif; elles représentent 28% des employées canadiennes. Par contre, leur santé/bien-être est peu visible dans les écrits de recherche. Dans les sciences sociales, plusieurs études portent sur l’expérience parfois éprouvante d’être un adulte célibataire vivant dans une culture orientée sur le couple et la famille. Elles mettent l’accent sur le stigma associé à ce statut. Certains suggèrent même que les pratiques de recherche peuvent contribuer à la perpétuation de représentations négatives à l’égard des célibataires. En ayant un profil qui pourrait être symbolique d’une déviation vis-à-vis des attentes normatives entourant la vie de couple ou de famille, les travailleuses célibataires et sans enfant semblent un point de repère utile pour évaluer cette dernière possibilité. S’attarder autant aux récits scientifiques que profanes permettrait d’explorer les tensions et convergences entre eux. Suivant cet objectif, un échantillon de 32 articles scientifiques et de 22 retranscriptions d’entrevues ont été analysés selon une approche d’analyse de discours guidée par les concepts de répertoire interprétatif (une façon cohérente d’aborder un sujet donné) et de position du sujet (une identité mise en évidence par une façon de parler ou d’écrire). Trois articles ont émergé de cette recherche. Suite à une analyse des thèmes communs utilisés dans l’interprétation de la santé/du bien-être du groupe en question, un répertoire interprétatif surnommé la famille comme référence a été identifié. Ce répertoire expliquerait notamment la tendance observée d’expliquer leur santé/bien-être en référant aux états et aux charactéristiques d’être parent ou partenaire. Cette pratique peut avoir l’effet de voiler leur vie privée ou de la construire comme étant relativement appauvrie. L’article 2 examine comment les membres de ce groupe construisent leur propre bien-être. Il identifie la notion d’équilibre entre plusieurs sphères de vie et une identité de femme dynamique comme éléments centraux aux récits sur leur bien-être. Ces derniers vont à l’encontre de la perception des célibataires ou des personnes sans enfant comme ayant des vies moins épanouies ou enrichies et qui ne sont pas touchées par des questions de conciliation travail-vie personnelle. Le troisième article rassemble les deux types de récits autour des sujets de l’emploi et du statut de célibataire en lien avec le bien-être. Il met en évidence de nombreuses similarités et divergences, et théorise la fonction de ces diverses constructions. En conclusion, j’avance qu’une perspective plus critique face au statut de couple ou familial et de ses aspects normatifs pourrait offrir à la recherche en santé publique un point de réflexivité à développer davantage. / This thesis examines interpretations of the health and wellbeing of single working women without children (SWWWC) in two types of discourse: that of published research in periodicals (scientific) and that of qualitative interviews with members of this group (lay). Demographically, this group’s numbers are significant (28% of employed Canadian women), however, its health and wellbeing is little visible in research. Within the social sciences, research is burgeoning on the challenging experience of being a single adult in couples-oriented cultures, emphasizing the stigma of this status and also how it may be unwittingly perpetuated through research practices. By defying normative expectations pertaining to coupled and family life, SWWWC appear a useful group from which to assess this claim. Drawing on both scientific and lay accounts allows an exploration of the tensions and convergences between them. Samples of 32 scientific articles and 22 interview transcripts were drawn on in the discourse analysis, guided by the concepts of interpretative repertoire (coherent ways of writing about a topic) and subject positions (identities). This research gave rise to three articles. The first analyzes common themes in the explanation of the health/wellbeing of this group in scientific research and identifies an interpretative repertoire termed the family as reference. This repertoire accounts for the frequent explanation of their health by referring to the states and characteristics of holding parental or partner roles. This could obscure their lives or cast them as relatively impoverished, reinforcing single woman stereotypes. Article 2 examines how members of this population construct their own wellbeing. It identifies notions of balance between various life spheres and a positioning as dynamic as central. These challenge understandings of singles/the childless as having lives lacking in breadth or fulfillment, or as untouched by issues of work-life balance. Article 3 brings the scientific and lay materials together over the topics of singleness and paid work in relation to health and wellbeing, highlighting their many similarities and differences. The possible functions of the various interpretations are theorized. I conclude that a more critical perspective on coupled/family status can offer public health research a point of added reflexivity.

Changes in the marital status in the age group from 15 to 59 years in the Czech Republic after 1930 Abstract The aim of this thesis is to analyze the changes in population structure according to the individual marital statuses. For this analysis sex-specific and age-specific nuptuality rates and multistate life tables were use, in order to be able to describe transitions between the individual marital statuses. In the first part of this thesis the data sources and the methods of creating the transversal increment- decrement life tables were described. Following chapters deal with the historical development of the Czech Republic population since the year 1930 and the trends of nuptuality, divorce and mortality. Second part is dedicated to the analysis of the transitions between the individual marital statuses. The findings of this thesis conclude that people in the individual marital states tend to react similarly to the historical events in Czech Republic, unless some events are purposefully aiming to influence only a part of the population. Key words: nuptuality rate, divorce rate, mortality rate, marital status, multistate demography, transversal increment-decrement life tables, Czech Republic

<p>According to the salutogenic theory put forth by Antonovsky, an individual’s sense of coherence (SOC) is central for maintaining health. The present study used data from middle-aged women being part of a longitudinal research program to investigate how SOC relates to health status (in terms of self-rated health and medicine consumption) and a set of lifestyle factors (physical exercise, alcohol consumption, nicotine consumption and dietary habits). Women with a strong SOC were hypothesized to exhibit better health profiles, consume less medication, and lead a healthier lifestyle than women with a weak SOC. The findings partly confirmed the hypotheses in showing that women with a strong SOC had better self-rated overall health, better psychological well-being, fewer self-reported diseases and lower medicine consumption. Contrary to the hypothesis, women with stronger SOC had more self-reported psychological and physical symptoms. Of the lifestyle factors, only dietary habits were significantly associated with SOC. The study shows that SOC is related to differences in health and medicine consumption in a homogeneous group of middle-aged women, while the association between SOC and lifestyle was found to be less prominent.</p>

<p>In 1939 a law was passed in Sweden which forbade employers to dismiss female employees because of marriage or pregnancy. In Germany a law had been introduced already in 1932, which gave employers the right to dismiss a woman when she married. It also gave women right to end their employment for the same reason. The political decisions behind these legal changes were in both cases the result of an extended debate on the right of employment of married women. This debate occurred in most industrialised European countries in the interwar period.</p><p>The increasing participation of women on the labour market was by some groups interpreted as a cause of mass unemployment. Economic crisis contributed to a crisis of masculinity, which then led to attacks on the rights of married women to paid employment. In Sweden there was a state commission set up in 1936 with the task of investigating women’s employment. This commission, <i>kvinnoarbetskommittén, </i>managed to demonstrate that dismissing women would not lead to a lowering of the unemployment figures for men, a task they accomplished through detailed studies of several labour market areas. The report of the commission guided the decision of parliament, a decision taken when the economic depression had already turned to a boom period. The composition of the commission as well as its work was a consequence of the strong influence of the Swedish women’s movement.</p><p>In Germany the rights of women to paid employment was limited already in 1923 as the result of the financial crisis of the state. During the depression the attacks on married women’s right to employment became a political tool, which could be used both in foreign and domestic policy. Dismissing married women employed as civil servants was aimed to quash the demands of unemployed men. A prime target in the foreign policy was to convince the victors of World War I that reparations exceeded the ability of the German nation, a nation which had been badly stricken by economic crisis and unemployment. With this argument a solution of the unemployment issue was given second priority.</p>