This thesis analyzes specific challenges concerning 'truth-telling' war reporters face when reporting on international conflict. For this purpose truth is examined in accordance with journalistic principles outlined in codes of ethics, with a focus on objectivity and fairness. The aim is to discover ways to improve the application of principles, in order to battle epistemic errors and the effects they entail: polarization, reductionism, and superficiality. The study concludes that providing context and nuance is crucial, but that codes - although essential - are insufficient in helping journalists decide what is relevant and what is not. An approach in virtue ethics is recommended where phronesis (or practical wisdom) can inspire responsible journalists to comply with the spirit, rather than the letter of the principles.

Media criticism is studied as a concept, as critical expression and as a force for social change. The concept of media criticism is developed in relation to different forms of critical practice, theory about criticism and critique and as a part of theories about media accountability. Media criticism as a force of social change is approached by exploring concepts for the analysis of social and cultural forms of media criticism. Four kinds of media texts published in Sweden between 1998 and 2013 were analysed to investigate critical expression: television columns, reflective books on journalism written by journalists, debate articles and letters to the editor. They were studied in terms of how they address actors, content and forms of critique and responsiveness. The methodology used was reflexive interpretation mainly driven by insight, but also with an emancipative intention. Qualitative text analysis was the major method used, combined with quantitative content analysis. The concept of media criticism is developed on three levels as normative and institutional, focused on established norms and values, norm shaping and formative, focused on establishing new norms and values and openness and practice, making it possible for many people to contribute to critique. Media criticism can further be specified in three dimensions comprising its intentions, the object of critique and the process of critique. Taken together they establish different forms of criticality in which a communicative intention is seen as essential.  The dissertation shows that media criticism should be given a more independent role in relation to the media accountability frame. Critical cultures and practices should be analysed in their relations to accountability cultures and practices. The concepts of institution, formative and formation were used for analysing the social and cultural forms of media criticism, where institutions are understood as the stable forms of media criticism, formatives as the changeable forms and formations as the combination of the two. Criticism and critical practice potentially have an important role to play for change in the media, journalism and society by addressing issues in an open and reflexive way. The approach to media criticism developed in the dissertation is termed critical institutionalism and aims to bridge the gap between critical social science, the sociology of critique and institutional analysis as applied in media studies.

Thesis is focused on media ethics and concentrate on moral values in film. The goal of thesis is to confirm or to disprove the need of applied ethics in film production. Thesis is divided into three parts. First part is focused on media ethics in film in general. Second part advise about several media theories and film in relation to ethics. Thirt part is dedicated to film semiothics and values. The core of theses is created of several aspect of film such as film editing, language and meaning through out film acting, sounds and costume. We do not emphasise good or bad impact on film on moral values but we bring out significance of value creation process. We underline film creation itself and tools of film production. The structure of thesis is interdisciplinary. I tis verz sensitive connection of ethics knowledge, media and semiothics. Interdisciplinar view brings toghether known facts and new approach. Key words: applied ethics, media ethics, film theory, film semiothics, moral values

Studien syftar till att, ur ett medieetiskt perspektiv, analysera vilka oetiska och etiska metoder som organisationen Dumpen använder samt att granska hur individer som söker kontakt med barn i sexuellt syfte andrafieras. Detta för att bidra med kunskap till forskningen kring journalistik och medieetik. För att uppnå studiens syfte genomförs en kvantitativ innehållsanalys med ett totalurval som omfattar 255 konfrontationsvideos som publicerats på hemsidan Dumpen.se. Studiens teoretiska ramverk består av medieetik, reglerad medieetik och andrafiering.    Studiens resultat visar att organisationen Dumpen inte använder oetiska metoder i stor utsträckning, bortsett från de oetiska metoder vars förekomst beror på det empiriska materialet konfrontationsvideos. Resultatet visar också att organisationen i stor utsträckning använder den etiska metoden får försvara sig och att andrafiering i form av avvikande beteende är vanligt förekommande. Andrafiering i form av behov av vård förekommer däremot sällan. Resultatet visar också att vid de tillfällen som andrafiering förekommer, sker det inte i samband med oetiska metoder. Vidare föreslås forskning där allmänhetens åsikter kring medborgarjournalistik och organisationer som Dumpen studeras, samt olika jämförande studier. / The purpose of this study is, from a media ethics perspective, to analyze the ethical and unethical methods used by the organization Dumpen, as well as examine how individuals that are seeking contact with children for sexual purposes are othered. To achieve this study´s purpose, a quantitative content analysis was conducted with a total sample of 255 confrontation videos published on the website Dumpen.se. The theoretical framework of the study includes media ethics, regulated media ethics and othering.   The study´s results indicate that the organization Dumpen does not extensively employ unethical methods, except for those unethical methods whose occurrence is linked to the empirical material of confrontation videos. The findings also reveal that the organization largely utilizes ethical methods to defend itself, and othering in the form of deviant behavior is commonly observed. However, othering in the form of a need for care is rarely present. Furthermore, the results show that when othering occurs, it is not associated with unethical methods. The study suggests further research on public opinions regarding citizen journalism and organizations like Dumpen, as well as various comparative studies.

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This thesis is concerned with the media image of Czech and British press regulation, with a focus on daily newspapers. The theoretical part deals with selected normative requirements for media, the concept of public interest, the legislative framework of the press operation in the Czech Republic and the United Kingdom, self-regulation mechanisms of the British press, and, last but not least, ethical norms and professional practice that comes with the occupation of a journalist. The thesis also presents the main representatives and the basis of critical discourse analysis, the selected procedures of which are then used in the follow-up study of media content. The analytical part focuses on the discourse of selected Czech and British daily newspapers and examines it in the context of two events associated with state intervention into media regulation. Inthe case of the Czech Republic it is the approval of Law no. 52/2009, titled by the media as "muzzle law", in the case of the United Kingdom we are concerned with the exposal of illegal methods for obtaining information by News of the World, a British weekly. Both of these events led to significant media response, among other reasons because they were closely tied with the issue of media regulation, respectively press regulation. Using the tools of...

The purpose of this essay is to study the two cases ”The hijacking of a bus in Årdal” & ”The double murder in Ljungsbro” from media ethics aspects.  The aim for this study is to clear up if the the Swedish newspapers have reported according to the mediaethic rules and to see if there is any  differences between the newspapers reporting. The following theories has been used to reach the objective: the journalism task, news values, the liberty of press and speach, media ethical rules and discursive discrimination. The study has used a critical discourse method formed by Teun a. van Dijk to analyse the material, mainly through macro- and microstructures. The material that has been analyzed are articles from Expressen, Aftonbladet, Svenska Dagbladet and Dagens Nyheter. From each happening, two articles per newspaper has been selected by a toss, which ended up with sixteen articles for the whole study. The result and analysis are introduced in packedges, contaning two articles per newspaper and are devided into the two different cases the study examines.  The result indicate that Expressen and Aftonbladet has breached the media ethic rules in both cases when focusing on the one of the swedish victims in Årdal and also when reporting about the suspect murderer in Ljungsbro. The basic journalistic ideals and values has been ignored, for the interest of producing sensational news.

This thesis addresses the objective of formulating a moral-philosophically credible media ethics by encompassing two main dimensions: the examination of existing media-ethical models and the integration of sustainable arguments through utilizing eco-religious epistemology to overcome identified challenges. By incorporating eco-critical perspectives within the Media ecology tradition, which studies media as environments, the thesis proposes a creative intersection between established media theories and a theological tradition that tackles profound questions about humanity's place in the world. The initial section of the thesis analyzes moral-philosophical concepts within the media ethics frameworks proposed by three ethicists; Susanne Wigorts Yngvesson; Clifford G. Christians and Sandra L. Borden. While all three endorse universal values, they offer distinct frameworks for both understanding the ontology of universals and how these are contextualized in the journalistic community. Christians' moral epistemological theories,particularly regarding the ethics of being and Proto-norms have generated significant controversy and scholarly debate on the necessity and intellectual credibility of defending universal values in media ethics. Critical perspectives from this discourse are presented and evaluated as a complement to the analysis of Christians' media-ethical model. In exploring sustainable moral-philosophical arguments, the thesis suggests that moral claims can exhibit both universal and contextual characteristics. It suggests that a media-ethical model should integrate universal values with a communitarian perspective on journalists'moral responsibility. However, understanding the interplay between the contextual and universal dimensions of ethical values requires engaging in critical moral-philosophical theory. In addition, critical perspectives on technology and ideas of space and time need to be addressed in new ways. Thus, eco-religious epistemology, as advocated by ethicist and theologian Whitney Bauman, is proposed as a creative means to understand moral-philosophical questions regarding space/time, contextualism/universalism, and technology within media ethics.

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The journalist’s responsibility to the public is to deliver objective and impartial news, but during the height of the societal and feminist Metoo-movement, the content of newspaper publications varied significantly. This variation was influenced partially  by the human factor, ownership, and established guidelines regarding the publication of names at the newspapers.  This study aims to clarify the ethical deliberations behind the publication of names in the news media, specifically at four of Sweden's largest newspapers, Dagens Nyheter, Svenska Dagbladet, Aftonbladet and Expressen. For this, a qualitative interview and a qualitative text analysis method has been used, the answers were subsequently analyzed based on the agenda setting-theory, consequence neutrality and the social responsibility methodology. One respondent was chosen from each newspaper and was asked about ethical deliberations, what makes a name publication viable, what consequences might come of it and how they interpret the newspapers’ actions surrounding the publications about Benny Fredriksson. The case of Benny Fredriksson is used as a concrete example whereas it led to extensive ethical discussions in the Swedish press. The study also examines how newspapers’ publications and ethical deliberations differ from each other. The conclusion comes to that there is a difference between them, not only in how they published 2017, but additionally how they argue now. Dagens Nyheter, Aftonbladet and Svenska Dagbladet, all base their arguments in a social responsibility theory, while Expressen lean towards a consequences neutrality perspective.