Atualmente, as artes gráficas vivem um momento de grande desenvolvimento tecnológico, principalmente em relação às novas tecnologias de impressão sem fôrma, popularmente conhecidas como impressão digital. O objetivo central desta pesquisa é compreender as mudanças dos métodos produtivos provocadas pela adoção da tecnologia de impressão digital pela indústria gráfica. Este trabalho propõe o levantamento dos principais sistemas de impressão sem fôrma adotados pelas gráficas, identificando as tendências tecnológicas de impressão sem fôrma desenvolvidas especialmente para a indústria gráfica. Visa, ainda, investigar quais recursos de impressão de dados variáveis foram viabilizados por esta tecnologia, analisando o impacto destes novos sistemas de impressão gráfica sobre a impressão de dados variáveis ou impressão personalizada. A pesquisa também apresenta um conjunto de trabalhos gráficos relevantes ou inovadores que utilizam a impressão de dados variáveis com o objetivo de apontar as possibilidades produtivas de impressão de dados variáveis viabilizadas por esta tecnologia. A análise dos resultados da pesquisa visa documentar o novo cenário da impressão digital dentro da indústria gráfica, as tecnologias de impressão sem fôrma mais empregadas por este setor, e as diferentes alternativas produtivas de impressão de dados variáveis. / Nowadays, the graphic arts are in a great moment of technological development, especially in new printing technologies without a printing plate, which is popularly known as digital print. The main objective of this research is to understand the changes in production methods by the adoption of digital printing technology for the printing industry. This paper proposes the research of the leading computer to press systems adopted by graphics and the identification of print technology trends without a printing plate, specially developed for the printing industry, as well as investigate which variable data printing capabilities were enabled by this technology, analyzing the impact of these new graphic printing systems on variable data printing and custom printing. The survey also presents a set of relevant and innovative graphic works that use variable data printing in order to point out the productive possibilities of variable data printing, enabled by this technology. The analysis of the survey results aims to document the new situation of digital printing in the printing industry, the printing technologies without a printing plate more used in this area and the different productive alternatives of variable data printing.

The aim of this research is to discover ways that multi-stakeholder platforms for collaboration can be instrumental in the efforts of the media industry to achieve compliance with sustainability. Industries have gained awareness of their responsibilities towards environmental, social and economic welfare, and the media has a powerful role within society. The media industry's behavior is reflected both through its impacts of business operations as well as media products. The premise of this research suggests that an effective platform model fosters interpersonal, stimulating and energizing conversations amongst stakeholders in a neutral and friendly environment. In collaboration with various media stakeholders and showcasing an existing UK-based platform, the Media CSR Forum, and in investigating its structure and membership dynamics, it was possible to gain insight of common challenges for media companies. We identified the potential for platform models to help media companies plan strategically with the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development. Strategic planning for sustainable development can help the media industry to face the challenge that their current contribution to un-sustainability represents and become a key player for sustainable societies.

Das internetbasierte branchenspezifische Weiterbildungsnetzwerk Mediencommunity (vgl. www.mediencommunity.de) wurde ab 2008 im Rahmen des Programms „Neue Medien in der beruflichen Bildung“ mit BMBF-Fördermitteln aufgebaut und wird mit Ende der Förderung im Dezember 2011 unternehmerisch weitergeführt. Damit wird das Ziel eines nachhaltigen Betriebs des Angebotes erreicht. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt das entwickelte Konzept entlang der von Laudon & Traver dargestellten acht Kernelemente von Geschäftsmodellen: die Umsatzchancen in der Zielgruppe (market opportunity), das Nutzenversprechen (value proposition), die Marktzugangsstrategie (market strategy), das Wettbewerbsumfeld (competitive environment), der Wettbewerbsvorteil (competitive advantage), das Erlösmodell (revenue model), das notwendige Organisationsmodell (organizational development) und das Managementteam (management team) (Laudon & Travers 2011, S. 320). Abschließend wird die entwickelte Lerncommunity entlang der Forschung zu internetbasierten Geschäftsmodellen typologisch eingeordnet.

The online media industry has undergone changes during the last decades. Driven by technology advancements, there has been an increasing number of actors that can enhance the value of service in the media industry. The fast changing environment calls for a dynamic lens when analyzing strategic alliances forming between actors in the industry, thus this study uses a Business Ecosystem perspective to analyze how alliances should be formed to enable competitive advantage. A xase study was performed on a world leading provider of broadcast and media services to analyze how the dynamic setting affects suitable strategic alliance forms, using a partner selection framework to identify possible alliances. The results showed most potential within alliance forms of lower intergration, such as Franchise, Licensing Agreement or  Arms-Lenght Market relation. Hurdels for the higher forms of integration were identified as mostly caused by requirements of low investments and implementation times in the fast moving dynamic environment.  Identified future work is presented as performing a similar study where these hurdels are nonexistent to further analyze which alliance forms are applicable in a dynamic industry.

Förevarande studie syftar till att undersöka hur de hybrida arbetssätten som uppkommit till följd av pandemin har katalyserat gig-ekonomin inom mediebranschen. Undersökningen har med en deduktiv ansats grundat en hypotes baserat på tidigare forskning inom området. Med kvalitativa intervjuer av både frilansare inom medieindustrin och företagare som anställer dessa, har studien ämnat att analysera huruvida hypotesen kunde bekräftas eller förkastas. För att analysera det empiriska resultatet av undersökningen i förhållande till studiens frågeställning och hypotes har diskussionen anknutit till Maslows motivationsteori. Studien fastslår att delar av dess hypotes kan bekräftas eftersom hybrida arbetssätt ökar frilansarens och företagarnas digitala vana, vilket minskar behovet av fysiska möten med medarbetare och samarbetspartners. Hybrida arbetssätt möjliggör också nya arbetsmöjligheter för frilansare utanför det lokala området eftersom digital kommunikation inte längre minskar professionaliteten av arbetet. De förväntade internationella möjligheterna av hypotesen går emellertid inte att bekräfta avseende studiens otillräckliga kvantitet av respondenter som bekräftar utfallet. Studien visar också på hinder som minskar tryggheten för frilansare när de arbetar med utländska uppdragsgivare. Studiens slutledning av frågeställningen är att de hybrida arbetssätten katalyserar den nationella gig-ekonomin och bör ses som en betydande del för att förstå den postpandemiska framtiden för mediebranschen i Sverige. / This study aims to explore how the hybrid working methods that have emerged because of the pandemic have catalysed the gig economy in the media industry. Using a deductive research approach, the study formulated a hypothesis based on previous research in the field. Through qualitative interviews with both freelance workers in the media industry and organisations who employ them, the study sought to analyse whether the hypothesis could be confirmed or rejected. The discussion used Maslow’s motivation theory to analyse the empirical results of the study in relation to the research question and hypothesis. The study finds that parts of the hypothesis can be confirmed as hybrid working methods increase the digital competence of both freelancers and organisations, reducing the need for physical meetings with colleagues and partners. Hybrid work arrangements also enable new work opportunities for freelancers outside their local area, as digital communication no longer decreases the professionalism of their work. However, the expected international opportunities of the hypothesis cannot be confirmed due to the study's insufficient number of respondents confirming the outcome. The study also identifies barriers that reduce the security of freelancers when working with foreign clients. The study's conclusion regarding the research question is that hybrid working methods catalyse the national gig economy and should be viewed as a significant factor in understanding the post-pandemic future of the media industry in Sweden.

I den ständigt föränderliga mediebranschen är sociala medier en integrerad del av både det personliga och det professionella livet. Detta skapar en komplex rekryteringsmiljö för arbetssökande, som ständigt måste balansera att vara synliga på arbetsmarknaden samtidigt som de försöker bevara sitt privatliv. Syftet med denna studie är därtill att undersöka hur anställda inom mediebranschen upplever jobbsökningsprocessen inom mediebranschen och granskning av arbetstagare på sociala medier, samt hur arbetstagare reflekterar över potentiella kraven och förväntningar av att vara aktiv och kunnig på sociala medier. Trots att granskning av arbetstagare på sociala medier är ett relativt nytt forskningsområde, har få studier utforskat branschspecifika skillnader. Den här studien ämnar att bidra till detta forskningsområde genom att kolla närmare på mediebranschen, med hjälp av de teoretiska ramverken självmarknadsföring, granskning av arbetssökande på sociala medier och digital kompetens. Studien baseras på kvalitativa forskningsintervjuer med personer som anställts inom mediebranschen under de fem senaste åren för att ta reda på deras upplevelser och reflektioner. Urvalet baseras på ett målstyrt och kriteriestyrt urval, med ett kompletterande bekvämlighetsurval. Intervjuerna har genomförts på Zoom och baserats på en intervjuguide. En tematisk analys tillämpas för att identifiera mönster och teman i det empiriska materialet. Resultatet av studien visar att jobbsökningsprocessen inom mediebranschen upplevs som utmanande och konkurrensutsatt, förstärkt av den osäkra ekonomiska situationen. Digitaliseringen av branschen har ökat konkurrensen, särskilt för nyutexaminerade. Trots betydelsen av synlighet på sociala medier väljer många att skydda sin integritet genom privata profiler. Granskningen av arbetstagare på sociala medier ses inte som en integritetskränkning utan som en del av det moderna arbetslivet. Digital kompetens anses viktigt, men de flesta anser att arbetsgivare redan förväntar sig detta. Framtida forskning bör inkludera arbetstagarens perspektiv samt jämföra med de personer som fortfarande söker jobb. / In the ever-changing media industry, social media is an integral part of both personal and professional life. This creates a complex recruitment environment for job seekers, who must constantly balance visibility in the job market while preserving their privacy. The aim of this study is to investigate how employees in the media industry perceive the job application process and scrutiny of employees on social media, as well as how employees reflect on the potential requirements and expectations of being active and knowledgeable on social media. Despite scrutiny of employees on social media being a relatively new research area, few studies have explored industry-specific differences. This study aims to contribute to this research area by focusing on the media industry, utilizing theoretical frameworks such as self-branding, cybervetting, and digital competence. The study is based on qualitative research interviews with individuals employed in the media industry over the past five years to uncover their experiences and reflections. The selection is based on purposive and criterion-based sampling, with supplementary convenience sampling. Interviews were conducted via Zoom and based on an interview guide. A thematic analysis is applied to identify patterns and themes in the empirical material. The results of the study indicate that the job application process in the media industry is perceived as challenging and competitive, exacerbated by the uncertain economic situation. The digitization of the industry has increased competition, especially for recent graduates. Despite the importance of visibility on social media, many choose to protect their privacy through private profiles. Scrutiny of employees on social media is not seen as a violation of privacy but as part of modern work life. Digital competence is considered important, but most believe that employers already expect this. Future research should include the perspective of employees and compare them with individuals still seeking employment.

Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (TMNT) is a massive ongoing franchise that began as a 1984 self-published comic book created by Kevin Eastman and Peter Laird. Its history is intertwined with the creators' rights movement and the Creator's Bill of Rights (CBR), which rejected work-for-hire contracts, wherein creative laborers—creative authors—cede authorial control of their labor. Because the production of comic books and their franchises is highly collaborative, intellectual property (IP) rights are often consolidated in a single rights holder—a corporate author—via work-for-hire contracts. Eastman and Laird, as both creative and corporate authors, initially maintained strict control of TMNT licensees, but allowed their employees to retain IP rights over creative contributions to TMNT. However, in 1992, Eastman and Laird sent retroactive work-for-hire contracts to all current and former employees. This TMNT case study illustrates how the CBR represented the conflicting interests of publishers and creative laborers and ultimately reinforced the individualistic view of authorship that undergirds work-for-hire doctrine. Additionally, because IP legal infrastructure uses individualistic discourse to consolidate control of media franchises in one entity that allows authorized individuals access to a shared database of creative expressions that workers can borrow from or add to, media franchises resemble folklore and are made via a database mode of production. The romantic vision of authorship (and authorial control) upon which the CBR was founded ultimately went on to serve publishers rather than creators working for media properties, repeating a pattern that has existed since the inception of copyright and authorship.

No description available.

Growing ecological challenges [1][2][3] can be addressed by the media industry through proactive engagement with holistic sustainability transformation that covers all activities within their value-chain. With at least 60% of vertebrate species already lost [1] and 40% of insect species at risk of the same [2], the time for business-as-usual has past [4][5][6][49]. In order to mitigate negative, and accelerate positive, impacts on global biodiversity integrity, media companies need to look beyond direct impacts, carbon, and segmented actions to a more holistic understanding and approach of sustainability transformation. This study focused specifically on the Nordic region (Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland) and the largest incumbent companies within that region (Schibsted, MTG, Bonnier, Egmont and Sanoma) [7][8], to find what actions and pathway are necessary to protect both people and planet [10]. Through understanding the drivers of biodiversity loss, as well as the proposed sustainability transformation roadmaps from the research community, and by quantitatively analyzing how these five companies understand and prioritize sustainability, this study developed a visual Pathway Lens consisting of Seven Focus Areas (SFAs) to enable media companies to look holistically at their activities and value-chain. The SFAs need to be approached holistically, similar to the 17 SDGs (Agenda 2030) [4]. Since incumbent Nordic media companies are not currently looking at impacts on biodiversity integrity, nor focusing on a holistic approach to sustainability, the SFAs of the Pathway Lens are a tool to better understand their unique opportunity to accelerate sustainable lifestyles through their content, marketplaces, products and events, which in turn address impacts on biodiversity integrity. The media industry also shares in the collective opportunity to accelerate sustainable value-chains through prioritizing self-transcendence values, resources, responsible operations, circular business models, iterative stakeholder engagement, and external partnerships. Since the drivers of biodiversity loss are complex and interconnected [3], protecting both people and planet requires complex and interconnected solutions. / Växande ekologiska utmaningar [1][2][3] kan adresseras av medieindustrin genom proaktivt engagemang i holistisk hållbarhetstransformation som täcker alla aktiviteter i värdekedjan. Då minst 60% av arterna bland ryggradsdjur redan har försvunnit [1] och 40% av insektsarterna riskerar att försvinna [2], har tiden för konventionellt företagande (business-as-usual) passerat [4][5][6][49]. För att minska negativa effekter, och accelerera positiva effekter, vad gäller den biologisk mångfaldens integritet, måste företagen se bortom direkta effekter, koldioxidutsläpp, och isolerade åtgärder för en mer holistisk förståelse av och ett mer holistiskt angreppssätt vad gäller hållbarhetstransformation. Denna studie har fokuserat specifikt på Norden (Sverige, Norge, Danmark, Finland) och de största etablerade företagen inom denna region (Schibsted, MTG, Bonnier, Egmont och Sanoma) [7][8], för att ta reda på vilka åtgärder som behövs för att skydda både människor och planeten [10]. Genom att förstå drivkrafterna bakom förlusten av biologisk mångfald, såväl som de föreslagna färdplanerna för hållbarhetstransformation ifrån forskarsamfundet, och genom att kvantitativt analysera hur dessa fem företag förstår och prioriterar hållbarhet, har denna studie utvecklat en visuell lins [Pathway Lens] bestående av sju fokusområden (Seven Focus Areas, SFAs), för att möjliggöra för medieföretag att titta holistiskt på deras aktiviteter och värdekedja. De sju fokusområdena (SFAs) för hållbarhetstransformation måste hanteras holistiskt, likt FN:s 17 globala mål för hållbar utveckling (Agenda 2030) [4]. Eftersom etablerade nordiska medieföretag i dagsläget inte tittar på påverkan på den biologiska mångfaldens integritet, och inte heller fokuserar på ett holistiskt angreppssätt vad gäller hållbarhet, är de sju fokusområdena [SFAs] av den visuella linsen [Pathway Lens] ett verktyg för att bättre förstå deras unika möjlighet att accelerera hållbara livsstilar genom deras innehåll, marknadsplatser, samt produkter och events, vilka i sin tur adresserar påverkan på den biologiska mångfaldens integritet. Medieindustrin delar också den kollektiva möjligheten att accelerera hållbara värdekedjor genom att prioritera värderingar som transcenderar jaget (self-transcendence), resurser, ansvarsfulla verksamheter, cirkulära affärsmodeller, iterativt intressentengagemang, och externa partnerskap. Eftersom drivkrafterna bakom förlust av biologisk mångfald är komplexa och sammankopplade [3], krävs komplexa och sammankopplade lösningar för att skydda både människor och planeten.

<p dir="ltr">This research aims to explore insights to decision makers on how gender imbalance can affect individuals, and the organizations involved in news production. This article focuses primarily on the difficulties encountered by female photojournalists working in Ghanaian media organizations. This study aims to identify the barriers faced by females in the sector and identify organizational elements that may have an impact on the proportion of female professionals in the area. Females who work in this field are underpaid and face additional challenges. Data was gathered from a sample of twelve female photojournalists in Ghana utilizing online interviews as part of a qualitative research project. The purpose of the study is to determine the common experiences and difficulties faced by female photojournalists and the impact those experiences have had on both the organization and the person. The study also investigated how female photojournalists are coping with the popular perception that photojournalism is a male-dominated field. Findings confirm several challenges that female photojournalists—both independent contractors and those employed by media organizations—face. These issues were categorized into broader themes, such as harassment, discrimination, lack of representation, and gender bias. Findings contribute to the current understanding of difficult experiences among female photojournalists, as well as inform the development of interventions to support female photojournalists in managing their hurdles and developing some coping mechanisms. Implications with respect to theory and practice are discussed.</p>