I denna uppsats analyseras nio stycken förpackningar för bindor från tre olika varumärken; Always, Ica och Libresse. Detta för att se hur de visuella attributen påverkar föreställningen om menstruation och den menstruerande personen. Förpackningar har olika roller men i denna uppsats är det rollen som kommunikatör som står i fokus, alltså den envägskommunikation som förpackningarna står för. Analysen har skett i två steg med en visuell analys samt en diskursanalys och grundar sig i ett genusvetenskapligt perspektiv med teorier som till största del följer den inriktningen. Att det ligger vissa förväntningar i vad en kvinna förväntas föredra för visuella attribut har påverkat designen av dessa förpackningar och därmed föreställningen om menstruationen. De visuella attributen som identifierades på förpackningarna uttrycker att menstruation är något som bör hanteras. Det är helst något som man inte vill bli påmind om och därför distanseras sig från. Förpackningarna visar tydliga indikationer på att de riktar sig till kvinnor och den menstruerande kvinnokroppen anses som något problematiskt. Att den biologiska kroppen samt dess funktioner inte är det som avgör hur man själv upplever sin könsidentitet samt hur den ska definieras, är något som genomsyrar hela denna uppsats.

Cette étude avait pour but de comparer les effets thérapeutiques d'un traitement par biorétroaction appliqué à des migraines menstruelles et non menstruelles. Trente-neuf femmes souffrant de migraines associées et non associées à leur périodes menstruelles ont été sélectionnées à partir d'une banque de sujets volontaires ayant déjà reçu un traitement par biorétroaction pour leurs migraines. Tous les sujets ont rempli des fiches d'auto-notation de leurs migraines et de leur activité menstruelle, immédiatement avant et après le traitement ainsi qu'au test de rappel six mois plus tard. Des comparaisons intra-sujets entre les migraines menstruelles et non-menstruelles et des comparaisons inter-sujets des patientes souffrant de façon prédominante soit de migraines menstruelles ou de migraines non-menstruelles ont été effectuées. Les résultats révèlent que la biorétroaction est aussi efficace pour soulager les migraines menstruelles que les migraines non-menstruelles. Étant donné les résultats, des questions sont soulevées concernant la classification des migraines menstruelles et la généralisation des conclusions de l'étude. / The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of biofeed backtraining in the treatment of menstrual and nonmenstrual migraines. Accordingly, 39 female patients suffering from both migraines associated and not associated with their menstrual periods were drawn from a pool of research volunteers enrolled in a biofeedback treatment program for migraine headaches. All patients were required to complete a 5 weeks period of daily self-monitoring of headache and menstruation activity immediately before and after treatment, and again at 6-month follow-up. Within-subjects comparisons of menstrual and nonmenstrual migraines, and between-subjects comparisons of patients suffering predominantly from either menstrual or nonmenstrual migraines were performed. Results showed that biofeedback is just as effective at reducing menstrual migraines as it is at reducing nonmenstrual migraines. Questions concerning the classification of migraines and the generalization of the conclusions of the studyto migraineurs who experience migraine headaches only during, or shortly before or after, menstruations, are raised.

Through a Thematic Qualitative Text Analysis and semi-structured interviews with journalists, athletes, and coaches, this thesis investigates the relationship between gender, sports, and media representation of menstruation in Belgian online sports news. This research emphasizes the delicate balance in sports media between normalizing discussing menstruation and avoiding sexist ideologies. One effective approach to breaking the menstrual taboo is to adopt the rationalist discourse of self-instrumentalization, where athletes enhance their performance by the use of science and technology. Given that menstruation is a physiological process connected to maximizing performance, it is vital to normalize its media coverage. There is, nevertheless, a palpable tension between private and public conversation. Journalists tend to concentrate on the personal stories and physical challenges of athletes, yet the coverage of the menstrual influences remains underrepresented. A more nuanced and ethical approach is needed, balancing public interest with athletes' privacy. The thesis advocates that menstruation should be normalized in the sports discourse in order to promote more inclusive media practices that reflect and fairly portray the experiences of female athletes.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第25163号 / 医博第5049号 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 近藤 尚己, 教授 古川 壽亮, 教授 阪上 優 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

Denna studie undersöker förekomsten av kulturarv rörande menstruation i svenska museisamlingar samt i vilka samband de har deltagit i utställningar eller på annat sätt exponerats för allmänheten. Undersökningen ämnar även ta reda på om tabu relaterat till menstruation påverkat insamlingen och exponeringen av de såkallade ”menstruationsföremålen”. Det empiriska materialet utgörs av en enkätundersökning utskickad till vad som kan sägas vara det allmänna museiväsendet i Sverige bestående av centralmuseum, regionala museum, kommunala museum, stadsmuseum samt ytterligare tre kulturhistoriska museum med en svarsfrekvens på 85,4% då 81 av 96 museum har deltagit. Studien visar att 50,6% av museerna har menstruationsföremål i samlingarna och att majoriteten av dessa hade cirka 1-5 stycken sådana och att den absolut vanligast förekommande föremålskategorin var menstruationsskydd. 64,8% av museer med menstruationsföremål i samlingarna hade exponerat dessa för allmänheten, oftast bara ett fåtal föremål och det vanligast förekommande utställningsformatet var tillfälliga utställningar. Majoriteten av menstruationsföremålen har förvärvats åren 1951-2021. Huruvida menstruationstabut har påverkat förekomsten av kulturarv rörande menstruation i svenska museum är svårt att utröna baserat på denna studie. Däremot kan tabut ha påverkat vilken sorts föremål som finns i museernas samlingar då det mesta materialet utgörs av menstruationsskydd vars uppgift att kontrollera mensflödet kan spegla samhällets förhållande till menstruation som ofta utgörs av skamkänslor inför ämnet. / This study examines the existence of cultural heritage concerning menstruation in Swedish museum collections and in which contexts they have participated in exhibitions or been otherwise exposed to the public. The study also intends to find out whether taboos related to menstruation have affected the collection and exposure of the so-called "menstrual items". The empirical material consists of a survey sent to what can be said to be the general museum system in Sweden consisting of central museum, regional museum, municipal museum, city museum and three other cultural history museums with a response rate of 85.4% as 81 of 96 museums have participated. The study shows that 50.6% of the museums have menstrual items in the collections and that the majority of these museums had approximately 1-5 of such items. The most common item category was menstrual protection. 64.8% of museums with menstrual objects in the collections had exposed these to the public, usually only a few objects and the most common exhibition format was temporary exhibitions. The majority of menstrual items have been acquired in the years 1951-2021. Whether menstrual taboos have affected the existence of cultural heritage concerning menstruation in Swedish museums is difficult to ascertain based on this study. On the other hand, taboos may have affected the type of objects in museums' collections, as most of the material consists of menstrual protection, the task of which is to control the flow of menstruation, which may reflect society's relationship to menstruation, which often consists of feelings of shame about the subject.

Within a defined geographical area, all patients, 192 in total, with insulin- dependent diabetes of at least 2 years' duration and free from long-term diabetic complications were identified. Their experiences of the influence of the disease on daily living, tedium, and smoking habits were evaluated using a questionnaire and related to metabolic control. A case-referent study concerning smoking habits among 25 patients with good, and 25 with poor metabolic control was performed. The influence of mentruation on metabolic control was studied among 20 diabetic women and 20 healthy controls. Coping strategies and their outcomes were studied among 20 patients, using the interview technique. Among those with unsatifactory metabolic and/or emotional outcomes, plans for nursing intervention were agreed on, using diagnostic reasoning. Only a minority of the patients reported that the disease caused them considerable problems in their daily lives. The greatest problems occurred in connection with regularity in daily life, diet management, and exercise. Patients with good metabolic control (HbAic&lt;6.7) had a higher number of hypo-glycemic cornata (7 vs 1, p&lt;0.001). Patients with poor metabolic control (HbAic&gt;9.0) reported more often that they were smokers (pcO.Ol) and the women fertile aged in this group more often reported problems with metabolic control during menstruation (p&lt;0.05). Twenty-nine (18%) were defined as suffering from tedium. There was a higher proportion (NS) of high tedium scores among patients in both good and poor metabolic control groups than in those with intermediate metabolic control. Sixty (31%) of the patients were smokers, prevalence of smoking increased significantly with increasing HbAic- levels (17.5% among patients with the best metabolic control, 47.5% among those with the worst metabolic control). In the case referent study exposure to smoking was found to be significantly more common among those with poor control (odds ratio 6.0). No systematic change in metabolic control during the menstrual cycle could be found. Problem-solving coping strategy based on the monitoring of blood glucose in combination with sensitivity to signs of actual blood glucose level and logical reasoning, was found to have the best coping outcome, both regarding metabolic control and well-being. The results are summarized in a model for diagnostic reasoning in nursing. / <p>S. 1-46: sammanfattning, s. 47-117: 6 uppsatser</p> / digitalisering@umu

Thesis (M.M. (Public and Development Management))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, Wits School of Governance, 2017 / Developments in information and communication technologies (ICTs) have revolutionised banking, in that consumers can make use of mobile devices to conduct daily banking, independent of a traditional bank branch. The adoption of mobile banking has continued to be low in South Africa, at 24%, while the mobile phone market has experienced a significant increase in market penetration to 96%. However, very few studies have investigated the impact of mobile banking among bottom of the pyramid consumers. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of financial literacy, social pressure and perceived credibility on the adoption of mobile banking among the bottom of the pyramid consumers in South Africa. An empirical study on bottom of the pyramid consumers in Johannesburg, South Africa with a sample of 235 questionnaires was conducted. The measurement items were assessed through three hypotheses using Structural Equation Modelling with IBM SPSS 23 and AMOS 23. The results confirm that all three hypotheses are significant and supported by indicating that financial literacy, social pressure and perceived credibility have an impact on mobile banking among bottom of the pyramid consumers. The findings revealed that social pressure and mobile banking was the weakest significant relationship, while perceived credibility had the strongest significant relationship on mobile banking. This study adds to the theoretical knowledge of financial literacy, social pressure and credibility as the factors that impact on mobile banking among bottom of the pyramid consumers. The managerial implications of the study indicate that in order for managers to increase mobile banking adoption, they need to create strategies that will drive education around mobile banking, use other people as advocates and place emphasis on communicating the safety and privacy of the services. Recommendations, limitations and future research on mobile banking are discussed. Keywords: Mobile Banking, Financial Literacy, Perceived Credibility, Social Pressure, Bottom of the Pyramid / GR2018

INTRODUÇÃO: As células-tronco mesenquimais são capazes de regenerar diferentes tipos de tecidos, no entanto, a maioria dos métodos para sua obtenção são invasivos. Recentemente, foi descoberta a existência destas células no sangue menstrual. OBJETIVO: Padronizar as técnicas de coleta e transporte do fluido menstrual, bem como a caracterização, isolamento, expansão e criopreservação de células-tronco do fluido menstrual e avaliar a disponibilidade de células tronco mesenquimais no fluido menstrual. MÉTODOS: No período de agosto de 2011 a março de 2012 foram selecionadas 20 voluntárias com ciclo menstrual regular, sem doença ginecológica. O fluido menstrual foi coletado no dia de maior fluxo e submetido a imunofenotipagem e cultivo celular. Foram realizadas duas passagens em meio de cultura até atingir semi-confluência das células-tronco, as quais foram, em seguida, criopreservadas. RESULTADOS: Os parâmetros analisados apresentaram os seguintes valores médios: volume de fluido menstrual 6,90±5,60mL; tempo de transporte 17,20±5,50h; número de células totais 3,95 x106±3,88 x106 com 76,05%±24,57 de células viáveis. Após a cultura, as células mesenquimais aumentaram de 0,14%±0,26 para 96,19%±2,14. Na primeira passagem de cultura, após 15 a 21 dias, as colônias formaram grupos que atingiram a confluência, que a partir da segunda passagem ocorreu em cerca de 3 dias. As células-tronco mesenquimais criopreservadas eram viáveis. CONCLUSÃO: As células-tronco do fluido menstrual podem ser obtidas sem métodos invasivos. O fluido menstrual pode ser transportado em condições ideais de temperatura até 24 horas após a coleta. As células tronco mesenquimais podem ser caracterizadas por imunofenotipagem, isoladas, cultivadas e expandidas e, em seguida, criopreservadas. O fluido menstrual contém células tronco mesenquimais viáveis e apropriadas para cultivo / INTRODUCTION: Mesenchymal stem cells may renovate different tissues, but techniques to obtain these cells are invasive. Recently, those cells were detected in menstrual blood. OBJECTIVE: Patterning techniques of collection, transportation, characterization, isolation, expansion and cryopreservation of stem cells in menstrual fluid. METHODS: From August 2011 to March 2012 twenty volunteers were selected with regular menstrual cycle without gynecological diseases. They collected menstrual fluid on the most intense flux day to analysis by immunophenotyping and cellular culture. Culture was made in 2 stages until reached semi-confluence of stem cells and these cells were cryopreserved. RESULTS: Average of menstrual fluid volume was 6,90±5,60mL, transportation time was 17,20±5,50h, and total number of cells was 3,95 x106±3,88 x106 witch 76,05%±24,57 were viables. After culture, mesenchymal stem cells increased from 0,14%±0,26 to 96,19%±2,14. After 15 to 21 days of culture in first passage, colonies formed clusters that reached confluence. In second passage, it happens after 3 days of culture and stem cells were cryopreserved. CONCLUSION: Stem cells of menstrual fluid may be easily obtained without invasive methods. Menstrual fluid can be transported in good conditions of temperature up to 24 hours of collection. Mesenchymal stem cells of menstrual fluid may be characterized by immunophenotyping, as well as it is possible to isolated, cultivate and cryopreserved them. Menstrual fluid has viable and proper for culture mesenchymal stem cells

No description available.

Le débat sur la suppression des menstruations, présent dans les années 50, reprend aujourd'hui de la vigueur vue la mise en marché de contraceptifs visant l'espacement ou l'interruption des règles. Cette recherche poursuit trois objectifs: dresser le portrait des positions adoptées par les professionnels de la santé au Québec à l'égard de la suppression des menstruations, analyser les discours sur cette pratique à l'aide des perspectives féministes radicale, individualiste et essentialiste, et évaluer dans quelle mesure cette pratique s'inscrit dans le concept de médicalisation du corps des femmes. Pour y parvenir, nous avons interviewé 13 médecins, représentants des médecines alternatives et représentantes d'organisations pour la santé des femmes. L'analyse des discours de ces professionnels de la santé démontre l'existence bien réelle d'un débat sur la suppression des menstruations, certains étant farouchement opposés à cette pratique, alors que d'autres en ont une vision positive ou mitigée. Certains médecins jugent que la prise continue d'un contraceptif hormonal ne devrait pas occasionner de conséquences négatives pour la santé des femmes, mais surtout qu'elle permet leur libéralisation d'une réalité archaïque non-nécessaire. De plus, cette pratique ne témoigne pas selon eux de la médicalisation du corps des femmes puisque de toute façon, ces dernières utilisent déjà un contraceptif hormonal. Il n'en tient donc qu'aux femmes de décider si elles souhaitent être menstruées et à quelle fréquence. Ce discours est surtout associé au féminisme individualiste prétendant à l'entière liberté de la femme quant au contrôle de son système reproducteur et donc de son cycle menstruel. À l'opposé, d'autres répondants considèrent que la suppression des menstruations est une pratique risquée compte tenu du peu d'information dont nous disposons, en plus de dénoncer le contrôle et la standardisation exercés sur le corps des femmes. Ces répondants refusent de sacrifier la spécificité des femmes au nom de leur plus grande performance sociale et critiquent la médicalisation à laquelle font face les femmes. Ces discours sont davantage axés sur le courant féministe radical, qui y voit une oppression patriarcale et capitaliste, et le courant essentialiste qui considère les menstruations comme un lieu de pouvoir pour les femmes et une expérience spécifique contribuant à la formation de l'identité féminine. Les résultats de cette analyse serviront certainement à alimenter un débat encore peu analysé en sciences sociales. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Santé des femmes, Suppression des menstruations, Féminisme, Médicalisation, Analyse de discours.