Résumé : La bande marine côtière, au-delà d’être un espace physique attaché aux territoires terrestres communaux, est aujourd’hui un lieu à la fois d’enjeux socio-économiques importants et de risques majeurs tels que la submersion marine. Les élus locaux, en première ligne face à ces enjeux, semblent considérer pour la plupart que la mer est en dehors de leur territoire. Nous postulons que sans une évolution de cette vision de la situation, aucune décision durable ne pourra être envisagée. Pour accompagner ce changement de perception, nous préconisons l’étude des représentations, véritables viviers d’information pour identifier les freins et les leviers à la prise de décision. Cerner la représentation qu’ont les élus locaux de leur territoire littoral et marin et comprendre leur cheminement vers la prise décision constitue ainsi l’objectif de cette étude. La combinaison entre une population d’un certain statut et un objet social physique nous a conduit à élaborer une méthodologie multidimensionnelle dont la singularité réside dans la mobilisation du processus d’ancrage à la fois pour l’étude de la représentation sociale, pour celle de la représentation iconospatiale et enfin dans la relation d’emboîtement. Un questionnaire, une carte graphique à main levée et un scénario de submersion marine ont constitué les trois outils clés du travail avec lesquels nous avons établi diverses corrélations s’appuyant sur des techniques d’analyses propres à la psychologie sociale et à la théorie des représentations sociales. Trois recherches se sont succédées. La première a mis à l’épreuve la méthodologie pour cerner la représentation sociale et la représentation iconospatiale. La deuxième s’est attachée à révéler le lien entre les contenus des représentations sociales et ceux des représentations iconospatiales en établissant une corrélation entre une typologie de dessins et une typologie d’élus.Enfin la troisième recherche a tenté de démontrer que certains points d’ancrage d’une représentation stabilisée (la politique communale), au travers d’une relation d’emboitement avec une représentation émergente portant sur un objet social environnemental (la submersion marine), constituaient de potentiels indicateurs d’acceptabilité sociale d’une problématique.Globalement, cette étude suggère l’intérêt certain de l’usage de carte graphique pour l’étude de ce type d’objet social physique sous couvert d’un processus d’ancrage particulièrement efficient pour structurer encore davantage les méthodes de compréhension de la relation homme-territoire. / Abstract : The coastal land strip, beyond being physical space attached to communal land territories, is today a focal point of heightening socio-economic issues, with significant risks of marine flooding and submersion. The majority of elected representatives on the front line facing these various issues seem to consider that the sea is beyond their jurisdiction. We postulate that without overhaul of this viewpoint, no long term decision can be envisaged. To accompany this new viewpoint, we recommend the study of representations, which are true breeding grounds for information that can help in identifying what holds back and what facilitates decision-making. The objective of the present study is to understand the representation that the locally elected have of the coastal and marine territory and further, the pathways in decision making. Linking a population of a certain social standing with a physical social object led us to develop a multi-dimensional methodology whose uniqueness resides in the mobilisation of the anchoring process, this for the study of social and icono-spatial representations, and how they interlink. We have established various correlations founded on analysis techniques used in social psychology and the theory of social representations, this by way of three key tools : a questionnaire, a hand-drawn map and a scenario of marine submersion. Three areas of research ensued. The first deployed the methodology to discern the social and icono-spatial representations. The second was to reveal the link between the contents of social and icono-spatial representations by establishing a correlation between a type of drawing and type of elected representative. The third area of research aimed to demonstrate that certain anchoring points of a stabilised representation (municipal politics) by their interlinking with an emerging representation focussed on an environmental social object (marine submersion) constituted potential indicators of social acceptability of the problem.Overall, this study suggests a strong interest for the map method for the study of this type of social physical object under the guise of the mobilisation of an anchoring process. This is particularly efficient in further structuring the methods to understand man-territory relationships.

p. 1-135 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-03-14T19:31:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 5555rdrdrd.pdf: 1841033 bytes, checksum: 6a61680bb6375b92af764d362f65dba9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lima(tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2013-04-02T18:53:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 5555rdrdrd.pdf: 1841033 bytes, checksum: 6a61680bb6375b92af764d362f65dba9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-02T18:53:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5555rdrdrd.pdf: 1841033 bytes, checksum: 6a61680bb6375b92af764d362f65dba9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / O presente trabalho objetiva através dos projetos SUA NOTA É UM SHOW e SUA NOTA É UM SHOW DE SOLIDARIEDADE, evidenciar as principais perspectivas, implícitas e explícitas, alimentadas por seus dirigentes diretos e idealizadores em relação às motivações semeadas por essas respectivas campanhas, bem como o êxito por elas proporcionado. Foram analisados os dois primeiros projetos do PET-BA: SUA NOTA É UM SHOW e SUA NOTA É UM SHOW DE SOLIDARIEDADE. Buscou-se como base teórica, os aspectos relativos ao estudo da Teoria Cognitiva Organizacional como formação de esquemas, scripts, modelo e mapas mentais individuais e em grupo. O trabalho se restringe à investigação apenas dos dirigentes e implementadores que participaram de alguma forma e ainda participam do PETBA, não se preocupando em confrontar se as percepções dos entrevistados, em relação ao sucesso e atingimento dos objetivos de cada projeto compactuam com as percepções dos beneficiários diretos de cada projeto ou mesmo de outros grupos, através de perguntas abertas e posterior análise e tratamento desses dados. É apresentado os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre a existência de esquemas mentais semelhantes em um grupo de pessoas que participaram e, ainda, participam da implementação do Programa de Educação Tributária da Bahia (PET-BA), pela Secretaria da Fazenda do Estado da Bahia. Com essa finalidade, os objetivos iniciais do trabalho foram alcançados revelando a existência de pontos e idéias comuns nas falas dos entrevistados demonstrando a existência de um esquema mental, praticamente, único em relação ao PET-BA. / Salvador

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:49:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 parte1.pdf: 2199947 bytes, checksum: 8ba3e7a1521421b1c9156bceb1c13fb6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This study was conducted among three coastal communities: Aritingui, Taberaba and Tavares, located on the right of the estuary of Mamanguape River (EMR) in Paraíba, and incorporated in the Environmental Protection Area of the namesake river. Its main objective is to study the local ecological knowledge and use of wildlife resources by fishermen and collectors of these communities. This work had its theoretical and methodological focus in Ethnoecology. The sampling was intentionally non-random, where the respondents were previously defined according to the dedication and frequency in fishing activities. The fieldwork took place between the months of October 2008 and November 2009. Free unstructured interviews and direct observations were conducted with the purpose of studying aspects of the interaction between the target communities and the mangrove-estuary complex. From the free unstructured interviews, structured interviews were conducted to collect data on the exploration, utilization and conservation of resources from the mangrove-estuary of Mamanguape River. The data were analyzed using the model of unity of the various individual skills seeking to juxtapose ethnoecological to scientific knowledge. In developing the mental maps, one key informant was chosen in each community and each was asked to design, with reference to their community, the estuary with the main collection of fishery resources. The oral map was obtained from tours guided by key informants along the EMR and was to appoint the main sampling sites. Fishermen cited 13 folk generic species: 6 species of fish, 5 crustacean species and 2 species of mollusks. The species of fish most often cited was Bathygobius soporator, of crustacean was Cardisoma guanhumi and of mollusk was Crassostrea sp., which are used for consumption, with marketing only of the surplus. Fishermen perceive the spatial distribution of wildlife resources and categorize them in etnohabitats ( mangrove fish , Camboa fish ), microhabitats ( fish of strain , fish of hole and fish of lodge ) and vertical distribution ( ground fish and water flower fish ). They also showed a wide knowledge of the trophic and reproductive behavior of the most explored species. From the mental and oral maps, accurate spatial perception related to fishing sites and grooming was registered. The fishermen in the Aritingui, Taberaba and Tavares communities show detailed ethnobiological knowledge, consistent with Western science. The knowledge that these fishermen hold on the distribution of resources and its ecology, and environmental perception, is a tool valuable enough to be embedded in socio-economic plans as well as in management, conservation and sustainable use of wildlife studies. / Este estudo foi realizado junto a três comunidades ribeirinhas: Aritingui, Taberaba e Tavares, localizadas na margem direita do estuário do rio Mamanguape-PB, e inseridas na Área de Proteção Ambiental do rio homônimo e teve como principal objetivo estudar o conhecimento ecológico local e o uso dos recursos faunísticos por pescadores e catadores destas comunidades. Este trabalho teve seu enfoque teórico-metodológico fundamentado na Etnoecologia. A amostragem foi não-aleatória intencional, onde foram pré-definidos os entrevistados, em função da dedicação e freqüência na atividade pesqueira. Os trabalhos de campo ocorreram entre os meses de outubro de 2008 e novembro de 2009. Foram realizadas entrevistas livres não estruturadas e observações diretas, com a finalidade de se conhecer aspectos da interação entre as comunidades-alvo e o complexo estuário-manguezal. A partir das entrevistas livres não estruturadas, foram realizadas entrevistas estruturadas, visando obter dados sobre a exploração, utilização e conservação dos recursos provenientes do complexo estuário-manguezal do Rio Mamanguape. Os dados foram analisados segundo o modelo de união das diversas competências individuais buscando justapor o conhecimento etnoecológico ao conhecimento científico. Para a elaboração dos mapas mentais, foi escolhido um informante-chave de cada comunidade, e a cada um deles foi pedido que desenhasse, tendo como referência a sua comunidade, o estuário com os principais pontos de coleta dos recursos pesqueiros. O mapa oral foi obtido a partir de turnês guiadas pelos informantes-chaves ao longo do ERM e consistiu em nomear e georreferenciar os principais locais de coleta. Os pescadores citaram 13 genéricos folk, sendo 6 espécies de peixe, 5 espécies de crustáceos e 2 espécies de moluscos. A espécie de peixe mais citada foi Bathygobius soporator, a de crustáceo foi Cardisoma guanhumi e a de molusco foi Crassostrea sp., sendo estes recursos utilizados para consumo, com a comercialização apenas do excedente. Os pescadores percebem a distribuição espacial dos recursos faunísticos e os categorizam segundo etnohabitats ( peixes de mangue , peixes de camboa ), microhabitats ( peixes de cepa , peixes de buraco e peixes de loca ) e distribuição vertical ( peixes de chão e peixes da flor d água ). Também demonstraram amplo conhecimento sobre o comportamento trófico e reprodutivo das espécies mais exploradas. A partir dos mapas mentais e do mapa oral, ficou registrado a apurada percepção espacial relacionada aos sítios de pesca e catação. Os pescadores das comunidades de Aritingui, Taberaba e Tavares possuem conhecimento etnobiológico detalhado e coerente com a ciência ocidental. O conhecimento que estes pescadores detêm sobre a distribuição dos recursos e sua ecologia, além de sua percepção ambiental, constitui-se em uma ferramenta valiosa que é suficiente para ser incorporada tanto em planos de desenvolvimento sócio-econômicos quanto em estudos de manejo, conservação e utilização sustentável da fauna local.

Studium prostorové syntaxe a prostorového poznání (vnímání) ukázalo a určilo statistický vztah mezi vlastnostmi prostoru a prostorovým poznáváním (schopnost jednotlivců připomenout a představit si mapu prostoru). Disertační práce zdůrazňuje aspekt prostorového poznávání, který je založen na podobě a kvalitě prostředí. Prezentuje myšlenku, že poznávací mapování jako proces je kulturně vymezený. Jeho výsledky jsou přejímány a filtrovány z prostředí, v němž lidé žijí. To znamená, že mohou vznikat různé výsledky poznávacího mapování a různé výsledky založené na lidských hodnotách. Pokud by se prokázalo, že proces je ovlivněn hodnotami lidí a jejich kulturními návyky, znamenalo by to, že existuje další faktor individuální mentální reprezentace prostoru. Ten zahrnuje aspekty, které pomáhají jednotlivcům získat specifické povědomí o tom, co je pro ně vyhovující prostředí. Cílem disertační práce je analyzovat tento předpoklad zkoumáním vztahu mezi vlastnostmi prostoru a prostorovým poznáváním a prokázat, že rozdíl v kultuře lidí ovlivňuje tento vztah. V práci jsou zodpovězeny dvě klíčové otázky: První - zda existuje souvislost mezi prostorovým vnímáním a satisfakcí lidí z jejich životního prostředí, a druhá - zda taková spokojenost ovlivňuje vztah mezi prostorovým uspořádáním a prostorovým poznáním. Další otázka plynoucí z analýzy zní: Které kulturní hodnoty jsou spojeny s procesem prostorového poznání? Mezi hlavní nástroje a postupy používané v práci patří: software prostorové syntaxe, analýza vlastností prostoru v rámci dvou studijních oblastí - Brno centrum města (Česká Republika) a staré Město Damašek (Sýrie), dotazník zkoumající spokojenost lidí, test prostorového mapování a pozorování chodců. Z analýzy vyplývá: Za prvé - existuje vztah mezi prostorovým poznáním a satisfakcí, za druhé - prostorové poznání má tendenci být ovlivněno nejen strukturou prostoru, ale také způsobem, jakým ho lidé vnímají a jaký mu přisuzují smysl. Práce se snaží celkově objasnit vliv prostorové konfigurace na vztah mezi lidmi a prostorem, zvlášť na vztah mezi prostorovou konfigurací a množstvím lidí v prostoru.

In this thesis we propose a navigation instruction validation tool and an user training tool for PERCEPT system. The validation tool evaluates the navigation instructions using a virtual reality environment by ensuring that each path in the virtual environment can be traversed by following the navigation instructions. This validation tool will serve as a first automatic validation of navigation instructions prior to testing them with blind and visually impaired users. The user-training tool enables the blind user to explore and get familiar with the real environment by using the virtual environment generated in the Unity3d based game. The user interacts with the game using PERCEPT Smartphone client just like the user would interact in the real environment. Motion in the game is emulated using the keyboard. Motion directions follow the navigation instructions obtained through the Smartphone. This user-training tool will improve the users experience in the real environment by enabling them to explore and learn the environment a-priori to their arrival in the physical space.

[pt] O presente trabalho está inserido no debate acerca da participação social como condição intrínseca para a intervenção urbanística na construção de cidades sustentáveis. Visando colaborar com o planejamento participativo, este trabalho tem como objetivo geral experimentar a eficácia dos mapas mentais como ferramenta de expressão da população local sobre o espaço urbano da favela. A partir de uma pesquisa em torno da Internacional Situacionista, grupo de artistas, pensadores e ativistas europeus que, contrários ao racionalismo urbano da Carta de Atenas, lutavam pela participação ativa de todos os cidadãos nos diversos campos da vida social mediante a experimentação de novas metodologias de apreensão do espaço urbano, busca-se apresentar outras possibilidades de estudar a cidade com base na relação entre a metodologia situacionista e a participação dos habitantes. Em seguida, pretende-se refletir sobre o papel do urbanista no planejamento urbano contemporâneo e algumas teorias dos inicios da pôs-modernidade que busca-ram incluir á população local e compreender mediante observações diretas as diferentes práticas urbanas em oposição a impor teorias de planejamento rígidas e inquestionáveis. Logo, busca-se experimentar a aplicação dos mapas mentais, adotando-se como estudo de caso uma favela em Duque de Caxias para uma análise baseada na experiência de pesquisa participante. Por fim, são alcançadas conclusões em relação à metodologia aplicada em base à eficácia da utilização dos mapas mentais como ferramenta de trabalho em busca de uma construção do espaço urbano a partir da participação ativa dos moradores locais no processo. / [en] Referring to sustainable cities seems to be conceivable in a model or paradigm which recognizes the importance of including in our practices a continuous reflection of the different impacts in life conditions of all the inhabitants of our territory. If urban planner s aim is projecting spaces that transform positively how people experience the question is how it could be possible to comprehend inhabitants perception and how this could affect their participation as active citizens. In the actual world in which neoliberalism ethic of an intense individualism, which wants everything for it and can transform in a socialization model of human personality (Harvey, 2014, p.47) ideals of urban identity, citizenship and belonging turn into a more difficult way to feed into. This work inscribes under the debate about social participation development and presents this topic as an inherent condition for sustainability cities. In Brazil, since the guidelines which express social function of urban propriety in the urban plan of 1988, the approval of the Estatuto da cidade in 2001 and the inscription in the law of several participation instrument mechanisms, the space has been open for the local population to participate in the urban development at different scales. The general objective of this work is to explore mental maps as an opportunity to inhabitants express themselves in order to understand the different perceptions in a city and the connection with the geographical environment as a way of comprehending it s linking with urban participation. Connected with this general objective, in each chapter the following goals were established.

As the headline suggests, it's not always easy to find the right way, especially when it comesto places we have never visited before. To not find or not being able to orientate in a place can create some uncertainty and may ultimately give a negative experience. This study examines how spatial and visual elements can clarify the orientation of an already built space without making any major architectural changes. The roombeing examined in this studyis the Modern Museum's foyer in Stockholm and the work is written in the subject information design with a focus on spatial design.The methods used are room analysis containing a site analysis, observation and notation analysis and three qualitative interviews. Theories and previous research in orientation and wayfinding, experienceroom, Gestalt psychology and perception and the mental mapare involved in this study. With the help of thesetheories and previous research as well asempirics, a design proposal has been developed where the visitor is more likely to orient himself by creating clearer features. / Som rubriken antyder är det inte alltid så lätt att hitta rätt, det gäller speciellt när vi kommer till platser vi aldrig besökt innan. Att inte hitta eller att inte kunna orientera sig på en plats kan skapa en viss osäkerhet och kan i slutändan ge en negativ upplevelse. I den här studien undersöks hur rumsliga och visuella element kan förtydliga orienteringen i ett redan byggt rum utan att göra några större arkitektoniska ändringar. Rummet i studien är Moderna museets foajé i Stockholm och arbetet är skrivet inom ämnet informationsdesign med inriktning rumslig gestaltning. Metoderna som använts är rumsanalys som innehåller en platsanalys, observation och notationsanalys och tre kvalitativa intervjuer. Teorier och tidigare forskning inom orientering och vägledning, rumsupplevelse, gestaltpsykologi och perception och den mentala kartanberörs i arbetet. Med hjälp av dessateorier och tidigare forskning samt empirinhar ett gestaltningsförslag tagits fram där besökaren lättare ska kunna orientera sig genom att tydligare funktioner har skapats.

"Eastern Europe" in the Mental Map of an English Traveller from the 16th to the 18th Century Abstract The thesis aims to interpret the early modern English/British travel writings about (Central) Eastern Europe. It results in the reconstruction of mental maps of the selected travellers with regard to a typology (merchants, professionals, intellectuals, clergymen, and women). The special attention is paid to the images of marginality, such as inconvenience and danger, ignorance and backwardness, exaggeration and pomp, former splendour and present lamentation, pleasant and unpleasant landscape. The primary sources comprise a selection of fifteen travel writings which are read and interpreted with respect to the development of the genre and to the broader cultural and historical context. The covering concept is a mental map conceived as an imaginary representation of space and as a tool for cultural orientation and self-identification. The reconstruction of the mental maps is performed in four steps. Firstly, by defining the subject (a traveller) within the typology. Secondly, the landmarks (centres) in the mental maps are reconstructed. Thirdly, the images of marginality are presented. Finally, the mental maps are concluded. Methodologically, the thesis is based on the interpretation and language analysis of...

Cette recherche comparative – terrains français et polonais – a été menée à Lyon et à Cracovie. L’objet du travail concerne le tourisme social destiné aux enfants, et ce dans le cadre des classes de découvertes en France et écoles vertes en Pologne, ces voyages scolaires constituant à la fois un temps de vie collective et un temps d’éducation. Le cadre scolaire de la recherche concerne l’école primaire. Le travail s’inscrit dans la vaste problématique de l’acquisition de savoirs géographiques. Le sujet de la recherche mobilise le champ du tourisme dans la mesure où les pratiques qui en relèvent constituent des moyens et modalités d’appropriation de l’espace que les individus mettent en œuvre dans l’élaboration de leurs représentations spatiales. A travers ses expériences, l’individu construit un modèle intériorisé de son environnement. Cette recherche questionne les modalités de l’apprentissage spatial chez les jeunes enfants, questionnement dont l’objectif essentiel est de valider l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’expérience du voyage scolaire est susceptible de modifier leurs représentations spatiales. Pour vérifier si tous les enfants ont des chances égales pour se construire leur propre capital spatial, la recherche examine aussi l’influence sur leurs représentations de la mobilité spatiale antérieure. Afin d’approcher les représentations spatiales des écoliers, sont mobilisés à la fois les données discursives (questionnaires) et graphiques (cartes mentales). L’enquête, menée auprès de 192 élèves de Lyon et de Cracovie, explore donc finalement l’interface entre deux champs scientifiques, ceux de la géographie et ceux de la psychologie, en s’appuyant sur le postulat de représentations spatiales intrinsèques au paradigme qui conçoit l’espace comme un construit. Le travail s’inscrit dans l’approche d’une géographie mettant l’espace vécu au centre de ses préoccupations. / This comparative research - in France and Poland - was conducted in Lyon and Cracow. The purpose of the work is social tourism for children, more specifically the “discovery classes” in France and the “green schools” in Poland, the school trips constituting both a life experience and a time of collective education. The object of the research is primary schools.The work is part of a broader problem of the acquisition of geographical knowledge. The subject of the research mobilizes the field of tourism since the practices that stem from it are ways and means of appropriation of space that individuals implement in the construction of representations of space. Through experience, the individual constructs an interior model of his or her environment. This research project studies the modalities of spatial learning. The objective is to understand if the experience of school trips modifies children’s spatial representations. To ensure that all children have an equal opportunity to build their own spatial capital, research also examines the influence on their representations of previous spatial mobility. In order to examine the children’s spatial representations, both discursive (questionnaires) and graphics data (mental maps) are mobilized. The research, carried out with 192 pupils in Lyon and Cracow, is related to two disciplines, geography and psychology. It is supported by the postulate of spatial representations within the framework of the paradigm of spatial production. The work is part of an approach to geography, in which the “espace vécu” is the central preoccupation.