Cette thèse de doctorat fournit une lecture cohérente de la théorie de l’art et de la théorie politique de Walter Benjamin, et elle montre que son idée de sécularisation est décisive. Par la lecture de Critique de la violence, le premier chapitre clarifie la méta-physique du droit selon laquelle dans la modernité, le droit est dialectiquement produit par la violence. Cette production s’appuie sur la sacralisation de la vie en tant que transfert du théologique dans la politique. Ce que veut Benjamin est la rupture de la dialectique de droit et de violence. Il clarifie que toute violence est hantée par sa dissolution lors de son exercice. Le second chapitre clarifie l’indissociabilité de la question du droit et de la question de l’art ou du langage chez Benjamin : dans la modernité, le langage ou l’œuvre d’art devient indissociable de la connaissance, laquelle est le jugement selon une loi extérieure. En refusant la sacralisation romantique de l’œuvre d’art, Benjamin trouve dans le Trauerspiel ce qui finit la dialectique du droit et de la violence. La sécularisation est alors redéfini comme l’exclusion absolue du théologique de la politique. Le troisième chapitre clarifie la vue de Benjamin sur le double mouvement de la modernité : le transfert du théologique dans la politique et l’exclusion du théologique de la politique. Ce que clarifie Benjamin est que l’œuvre d’art moderne est de nature à favoriser cette exclusion et à rendre le transcendant à sa place transcendante. La postmodernité sans le transcendant permet de rencontrer avec le transcendant en tant que l’autre. / This doctoral thesis gives a coherent reading of the theory of art and the political theory of Walter Benjamin, and it shows his idea of secularization is decisive. By reading of Critique of the violence, the first chapter clarifies the meta-physics of the right according to which in the modernity, the right is dialectically produced by the violence. This production is based on the sacralisation of the life as transfer of the theological to the politics. What Benjamin wants is the rupture of dialectic of right and violence. He clarifies all the violence is haunted by its dissolution during its exercise. The second chapter clarifies the indissociability of the question of right and the question of art or language in Benjamin : in the modernity, the language or the art work becomes indissociable from the knowledge, which is the judgment by a exterior law. Refusing the romantic sacralisation of the art work, Benjamin finds in the Trauerspiel what ends the dialectic of right and violence. The secularization is then redefined as absolute exclusion of the theological from the politics. The third chapter clarifies Benjamin’s sight on the double movement of the modernity: the transfer of the theological in the politics and the exclusion of the theological from the politics. What Benjamin clarifies is that the modern art work is likely to favour this exclusion and give the transcendent back to its transcendent place. The postmodernity without the transcendent permits to meet the transcendent as the other.

Modern interpreters of Paul, confronted with the ubiquitous and enigmatic phrase “in Christ,” have generally ignored “messiah” as a determinative category for explaining the idiom. This is due in part to a scholarly tradition which holds that Paul did not use χριστός with its conventional sense of “messiah.” However, recent scholarship on early messianology, emphasizing the creative interpretation of scripture in the production of messiah texts, has found that Paul’s usage follows the conventions of ancient Jewish messiah language. Drawing upon this revisionist model, I argue that Paul’s use of the phrase ἐν χριστῷ and its variants is explicable in terms of his messianic re-appropriation of authoritative literary traditions. Put differently, Paul’s “in Christ” language is an innovation that nevertheless follows the customs of ancient Jewish messiah speculation. Chapter one, recounting modern treatments of “participationism” and associated language in Paul, illustrates a virtually uniform neglect of messiahship in describing his “in Christ” language. Chapter two reviews the rise of revisionist accounts of ancient Jewish messiah language which eschew the totalizing concept of “the messianic idea” and emphasize instead linguistic conventions common to messiah texts: the creative re-appropriation of scripture, the reuse of messiah syntagms in new literary contexts, and the frequent recourse to a relatively small pool of literary sources to generate conceptions of messiahship. Chapter three, a study of Paul’s messianic interpretation of the promises concerning Abraham’s seed, concludes that the phraseology “in Christ” derives from the Jewish scriptural words “in your seed,” and that the use of the idiom to denote Christ’s instrumentality in God’s actions and the identification of people as believers arises from this tradition. Chapter four, a study of Paul’s messianic interpretation of the victory of the Danielic heavenly man, concludes that Paul’s concept of solidarity with the messiah is based on that between Daniel’s “one like a son of man” and the people of God and is often expressed with the phrase “in Christ.” Finally, chapter five is a two-part catalog of “in Christ” language in Paul’s letters, part one consisting of a syntactical analysis of every instance and part two a conceptual analysis of every instance in light of the findings of chapters three and four. In sum, Paul’s “in Christ” language, like ancient Jewish messiah language generally, is the product of its author’s creative interpretative enterprise to understand and explain his messiah.

Na presente obra, SILVA Jr propõe uma teologia bíblica do messianismo à luz da crítica canônica e em harmonia com a compreensão de José Comblin acerca do fenômeno do messianismo como temática através da qual o cristianismo fala de uma realidade última. Para SILVA Jr, o messianismo bíblico está em função de nos revelar uma eclesiologia pneumática, e não uma mera libertação histórica, um elemento irredutivelmente ulterior, e não uma práxis libertária de teor revolucionário, como é o caso dos messianismos em meio às sociedades em geral. Em sua forma final no âmbito do cânon bíblico, o messianismo do Antigo Testamento tem suas raízes na comunidade alternativa proposta por Moisés e sua continuidade com as promessas feitas a Davi, sendo todavia a comunidade pós-exílica centrada no templo que redescobre, em meio às peregrinações litúrgicas intertestamentárias, a crescente função escatológica do remanescente fiel portador da experiência mística de uma eclesiologia pneumática só plenamente revelada com a releitura neotestamentária do messianismo feita pela comunidade do discípulo amado. Assim, SILVA Jr demonstra como o foco do messianismo de Jesus reside em sua comunhão com o Pai operada pelo Espírito desde a sinagoga de Nazaré e como a releitura posterior feita pela teologia paulina o propõe como a mais genuína pneumatologia da Igreja, cuja experiência sacramental vincula-se estritamente à questão da processão eterna do Espírito, e não somente à sua missão histórica a partir de Pentecostes, de acordo com a teologia joanina e, imultaneamente, com a teologia ortodoxa até hoje. / In this present work, SILVA Jr proposes a bíblical theology of the messianism in according to canonical criticism and to the Joseph Comblins understanding about the biblical messianism as a theme to the christianianity speaks about the ultimate reality. In the SILVA Jrs perspective, the biblical messianism is in order to reveal us a pneumatic eclesiology, and not a mere historicist libertation, a ultimate irreducible element, and not a politic praxis in a revolutionary way, like the social messianisms. In its final shape of the biblical canon, the Old Testament messianism has its roots in the alternative community proposed by Moses and its continuity in the promises made to the David, but it will be the post-exilic community centered in the temple who rediscovers, in the middle the liturgical pilgrimages of intertestamentarial period, an increasing eschatological function of the Israels remnant as the last place to mystical experience of the pneumatic ecclesiology just fully revealed in the neotestamentary reinterpretation of the messianism applied by beloved disciple community. Just so, SILVA Jr demonstrates the focus of the Jesus messianism as being in the his communion to the Father operated by the Holy Spirit from the Nazareths sinagoga, and also, he presents as the posterior reinterpretation applied by pauline theology understands the messianism as a most genuine Churchs pneumatology, in which the sacramental experience is strictly relationed to the question on the eternal procession of the Holy Spirit, and not just to its historic mission from the Pentecost, in according to the joanine theology and, at the same time, to the orthodox theology in our days.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:11:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 796696 bytes, checksum: 969cefcd18d18fb5e8043cbc41ac5935 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation analyzes the Theses on the Philosophy of History by Walter Benjamin. The first part is a historical contextualization about the main events that buoyed the 20th century and were decisive to the building up for this thinker. Thus, I have chosen the Third International Communist, the Russian Revolution, the Nazism and the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact for illustration of Benjamin´s intellectual and political life. The narrative starts with the imbroglio of the World War I which caused a great controversy in the Second International. The left wing of that made a furious opposition to the decision of supporting the war. The reason was raised that it was an imperialist and bourgeois struggle, who had no interest to the international proletariat. Therefore, the division became more acute and the pressure to overthrow the support increased. There were three main factors for the renewal of the International: World War I, the Zimmerwald Conference and the Russian Revolution. With the sewing with the support of the German left, Lenin, Trotsky, among others, led to the creation of the Third Communist International with a socialist political project instead of the old social democrat. The Russian Revolution can be considered a groundbreaking event in the history of the twentieth century. In the same vein, the German Revolution was even more striking for Walter Benjamin on the grounds of the geographical proximity. However, there was an intriguing twist of the political left with the signing of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, which destroyed all hopes for the frankfurtian philosopher. The reading I made of the Theses on the philosophy of history was grounded in these events. As support for the comment, I used the Marxist method. Thesis by thesis, I developed the concepts of monad, redemption, messianic, history against the grain, in a highly political perspective. / A presente dissertação faz uma análise política das Teses sobre a filosofia da história de Walter Benjamin. A primeira parte consiste em uma contextualização histórica sobre os principais acontecimentos que balizaram o século XX e foram determinantes para a experiência formativa do pensador em questão. Deste modo, escolhi a III Internacional Comunista, a Revolução Russa de 1917, a Revolução Alemã, o Nazismo e o Pacto Molotov-Ribbentrop de 1939 para ilustração do período que envolve a vida política e intelectual de Walter Benjamin. A narrativa começa pelo imbróglio da Primeira Guerra Mundial que causou uma enorme polêmica dentro da cúpula da Segunda Internacional. Uma ala considerável desta se opôs ferozmente à indicação de apoio dada pela II Internacional à guerra. A razão levantada foi que tratava-se de uma disputa imperialista e burguesa, que não tinha nenhum interesse ao proletariado internacional. Logo, as cisões se tornaram mais agudas e a pressão para a derrubada do apoio aumentou. Houve três fatores principais para a renovação da Internacional: a Primeira Guerra Mundial, a Conferência de Zimmerwald e a Revolução Russa. Com a costura do apoio com a esquerda alemã, Lenin, Trotsky, entre outros, levou à criação da III Internacional Comunista com um projeto político socialista em vez do antigo social-democrata. A Revolução Russa pode ser considerada um evento demarcador da história do século XX. Na mesma linha, a Revolução Alemã foi ainda mais impactante para Walter Benjamin em razão da proximidade geográfica. No entanto, houve uma reviravolta intrigante da situação política da esquerda com a assinatura do Pacto Molotov-Ribbentrop, que aniquilou todas as esperanças para o filósofo frankfurtiano. A leitura que realizei das Teses sobre a filosofia da história foi calcada nestes eventos. Como apoio para o comentário, utilizei o método marxista. Tese por tese, desenvolvi os conceitos de mônada, redenção, messianismo, história a contrapelo, sob uma ótica eminentemente política. Palavras-chave: Messianismo História Walter Benjamin Teoria crítica

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:48:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andre Luis Zanini.pdf: 288608 bytes, checksum: 5045552b37a1890826c8b1629edac526 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-13 / The aim of this work is a reflection about messianism and neopentecostalism. Among neopentecostals leaders, Apostle Valdemiro Santiago was chosen as a former bishop of Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus. But he is now the founder of Igreja Mundial do Poder de Deus. This church appears as a new hope for many people in the Brazilian religious field. The Apostle has a significant prestige among believers. They usually want to touch him because they believe power and virtue exhale from him including from his own sweat. Which means, that: Valdemiro is a charismatic neopentecostal minister who shows messianic traces. The focus of this work is to comprehend the messianic traces in Valdemiros Santiago in religious praxis and its relation with the major diffusion of Igreja Mundial do Poder de Deus. It is crucial to comprehend that messianism, according to Henry Desroche, is based upon hope. In Neopentecostalism, as in Igreja Mundial do Poder de Deus, there is a straight correlation between financial prosperity as the representation of the divine force, which mobilizes the believer to act in benefit of its conquest. This work approaches some of the most significant images concerning God due to religious praxis found in the referred institution. / Esta dissertação procura refletir sobre messianismo e neopentecostalismo. Entre os líderes neopentecostais foi escolhido o ex-Bispo da Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus, atualmente apóstolo, Valdemiro Santiago de Oliveira. A Igreja Mundial do Poder de Deus, fundada por ele, é um novo caminho para muitas pessoas no campo religioso brasileiro. O Apóstolo tem bastante destaque entre as pessoas. Elas querem tocá-lo porque acreditam que dele exala poder e virtude, inclusive de seu próprio suor. Isso quer dizer que, desde o início da análise e problematização do tema proposto, pressupõe-se um ponto de partida: Valdemiro é um pastor neopentecostal, carismático e que apresenta traços messiânicos. O principal foco deste trabalho é compreender os traços messiânicos na práxis religiosa de Valdemiro Santiago e sua relação com a grande difusão da Igreja Mundial no Brasil. É necessário compreender que o messianismo, de acordo com Henry Desroche, está fundamentado na esperança. No Neopentecostalismo, a exemplo da Igreja Mundial do Poder de Deus, todo o caminho que demarca a prosperidade financeira se ancora em certa representação do divino, a qual mobiliza o fiel a agir em benefício de sua conquista. Este trabalho trata de algumas das mais significativas imagens acerca de Deus decorrente da práxis religiosa encontrada na referida instituição.

O objetivo central desta dissertação foi mostrar como os judeus messiânicos da sinagoga Beit Sar Shalom vêem a si próprios e como são vistos pelos grupos de fora de suas fronteiras étnicas, no caso, como eles são vistos pelas lideranças judaicas seculares e religiosas da cidade de São Paulo. O judaísmo messiânico é uma religião que mistura elementos do cristianismo, pois acredita que o messias enviado por Deus é Jesus, e do judaísmo, porque mantém parte de seus rituais, festas e tradições. A partir da análise realizada foi possível concluir que se trata de um tipo paradigmático de religião sincrética, em que os elementos ora do cristianismo, ora do judaísmo são cuidadosamente selecionados e aplicados a seu corpo doutrinário. O trabalho foi desenvolvido a partir da etnografia da sinagoga messiânica Beit Sar Shalom localizada em São Paulo no bairro de Higienópolis. Foram analisados aspectos ritualísticos dessa religião, assim como aspectos identitários a exemplo de rituais de iniciação e de passagem comparando-os com rituais judaicos tradicionais. / The central objective of this dissertation was to show how messianic jews from Beit Sar Shalom synagogue see themselves and how they are seen by the groups outside their ethnicity frontiers, in the present case, how they are seen by Jew leadership secular and religious from São Paulo city. Messianic Judaism is a religion that mixes elements of Christianity, because they believe that the messiah sent by God is Jesus and Judaism because maintaining part of the rituals, festivities and traditions. The results of this analyze should be seen as indicators that the religion was concluded as a kind of paradigmatic syncretic one, in which elements of Christianity and Judaism are carefully selected and applied to the doctrinaire body. The study was developed having as starting point the ethnography of the Beit Sar Shalom, messianic synagogue, located in São Paulo in the borough Higienópolis. Ritualistic aspects of this religion were analyzed as were identity aspects such as initiation and passage rituals, comparing them with traditional jewish rites.

Notre recherche s’autorise d’une réflexion sur le messianisme continûment menée à partir des sources juives, essentiellement bibliques et talmudiques. Depuis cet indispensable point de départ, elle s’interroge centralement sur la possibilité d’une conversion de la violence en tout autre chose qu’elle-même, à savoir en droit, dès lors que celui-ci est entendu à la lumière du droit hé-braïque, c’est-à-dire ouvert sur son propre au-delà. Cette ouverture est ici comprise à partir du temps et de la loi, de leur relation. Car le juridique et le messianique s’entre-confortent, moyennant toute une série de mises au point et de clarifications quant à leurs temporalités propres. Le messianisme ap-paraît ainsi au fil de notre investigation comme un défi conceptuel par où tentent de s’articuler les particularités de l’existence historique, les exigences politiques et les promesses prophétiques. Il permet ainsi d’engager une ré-flexion originale et singulière sur l’Etat, la politique, l’histoire, les rapports entre le religieux et ses formes sécularisées, le droit et la vie. / Our thesis develops a reflection on the messianism continuously led from the Jewish, essentially biblical and talmudic sources. Since this essential starting point, we think here about the possibility of a conversion of the vio-lence in something quite different that itself, namely right or law, since this one is understood in the light of the Hebraic right, that is opened on his own beyond. This opening is understood here from time and law, from their rela-tion. Because the legal and the messianic enters consolidate, as a result of a whole series of clarifications and clarifications as for their appropriate tem-porality. The messianism so appears in our investigation as a theoretical challenge, which try to articulate the peculiarities of the historic existence, the political requirements and the prophetic promises. He so allows to have an original and singular reflection on State, politics, history, the relation-ships between religion and its secularized forms, right and life.

La Bible est un des premiers livres traduits dans la plupart des langues d'Afrique subsaharienne et l'imagerie qui lui est associée a par conséquent joué un rôle essentiel dans la constitution des imaginaires littéraires propres à chaque région. Parmi toutes les figures de l'Ancien et du Nouveau Testament, le Christ occupe une place à part, car il est la source de toute rédemption et un personnage qui vaut par son ambivalence, au croisement du religieux et du politique. Représentation en creux construite par des discours multiples, il est à la fois ou successivement un révolutionnaire qui se bat contre l'impérialisme romain ou un collaborateur qui rend à César ce qui lui appartient. La résonance de cette figure dans les œuvres de Dambudzo Marechera (1952-1987) et Tchicaya U Tam'si (1931-1988) correspond donc à une réflexion sur les rapports qu'entretiennent la religion, la littérature et le politique pendant et au-delà de la période coloniale au Zimbabwe et au Congo. En effet, ces deux auteurs occupent une position surplombante dans leurs pays respectifs et, quoique considérés par certains comme hermétiques ou trop Européens, ils ont durablement marqué les générations suivantes qui ont vu en eux des précurseurs, voire le « père de notre rêve » pour Tchicaya. Dans cette perspective qui englobe la théorie et l'histoire littéraire, le messianisme comme dynamique qui fait naître des figures christiques entraîne une réflexion sur la place du personnage dans le temps et dans l'espace. Celle-ci, enfin, prend tout son sens grâce au choix d'un corpus qui englobe roman, poésie et théâtre, afin de relier différentes approches de la figure christique, pour mieux questionner le rôle de pivot qu'elle occupe dans les deux œuvres. / In most African langages, the Bible is one of the first books ever translated. As a consequence, the images it conveys have played a prominent part in the literary imagery endemic to each region of the continent. Among all the various characters depicted in the Old and the New Testament, Jesus Christ is center stage, since he is the origin of all redemption, as well as an ambivalent character standing at the crossroads of religion and politics. As an implicit character constructed by various discourses, he represents simultaneously or successively a rebel fighting roman imperialism or a collaboraor who gives unto Caesar what belongs to Caesar. This character finds an echo in the works of Dambudzo Marechera (1952-1987) and Tchicaya U Tam'si (1931-1988) as he raises questions on the connexions between religion, literature and politics during and beyond colonial times in Zimbabwe and Congo. As a matter of fact, both authors occupy a prominent place in their respective literary landscape. Although they have been disparaged for being overly hermetic or European, they have left a lasting impression on the following generations of writers who consider them as precursors or even « father of our dream » as far as Tchicaya is concerned. Following this approach which combines literary theory and literary history, a reflection on the nature of characters is prompted by the conception of messianism as a dynamics which creates christ-like figures and positions them both in time and space. Finally, by chosing a syllabus including narratives, theatrical plays and poetry, we've attempted to give this type of character its full meaning while questioning the pivotal role it plays for both authors.

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This dissertation focuses on the 'theo-political' core of US Christian Zionism and Jewish Religious Zionism. The political militancy characterizing two Millenarian/Messianic movements such as Christian Zionism and Jewish Religious Zionism constitutes a still under-researched and under-theorized aspect that, at present, is paramount to address for its immediate and long terms implications in the highly sensitive and volatile Israeli-Palestinian issue, in the US and Israeli domestic domain, and in the wider international community. Although processes of the 'sacralisation of politics' and 'politicisation of religions' have already manifested themselves in countless forms over past centuries, Christian Zionism and Jewish Religious Zionism are unprecedented phenomena given their unique hybridized nature, political prominence and outreach, mobilizing appeal amongst believers, organizational-communicational skills and degree of institutionalization.