A presente tese busca compreender o processo de Comunicação das características da cultura norte-americana a partir da leitura e interpretação de textos midiáticos fílmicos de diferentes épocas. O apoio teórico parte da noção de memória textual e código-texto segundo estudos de Iuri Lotman, um dos pesquisadores da Semiótica da Cultura. Nessa perspectiva, as produções do cinema são consideradas como um sistema de signos inseridos na semiosfera correspondente. A descrição do sistema da cultura norte-americana é feita pela identificação de suas narrativas míticas fundacionais, de origem judaico-cristã, latina e egípcia. Os mitos são estudados como elementos encadeadores dos textos da cultura considerados relevantes para esta pesquisa, desde o Descobrimento (século 16) até o período da independência norte-americana (século 18). Uma vez descrito o sistema da cultura norte-americana, por meio da memória textual, procede-se à leitura de dois textos cinematográficos nos quais se verificam configurações desses elementos mitológicos. A tese comprova seu objetivo de demonstrar como o mito da nova ordem repercute em textos do cinema norte-americano do final do século XX, e como esse mito é reiterado na atualidade reforçando o papel preponderante da América como nação renovadora do mundo. / This thesis seeks to understand the process of communication of north-American cultures features from the reading and interpretation of filmic media texts of different periods. The theoretical support starts from the notion of \"textual memory\" and \"code-text\" according to studies of Iuri Lotman, a researcher of Culture Semiotics. From this perspective, the productions of cinema are considered as a system of signs inserted in corresponding semiosphere. The description of the system of north-American culture is made by identification of its founding myths of Judeo-Christian, Latin, and Egyptian origin. The myths are studied as linker elements of culture texts considered relevant to this research, since the \"Discovery\" (16th century) until the period of American independence (18th century). Once described the system of American culture, through the textual memory, it proceeds to read two film texts in which there are settings of these mythological elements. The thesis proves his goal to showing how the new order myth reflects in texts of north-American cinema of the late twentieth century, and how this myth is repeated in the present strengthening the role of America as a nation renewing of world.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:30:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Simone Pereira de Castro.pdf: 756455 bytes, checksum: 35456a8f302392b7b177d24c58a30b15 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-13 / The present work analyzes Walter Benjamin s reflections on the philosophy of law, taking as a starting point an interpretation of Benjamins s distinct idea of materialist historiography. It shows Benjamin s concept of time, origin, truth, violence, power, law, justice, myth, guilt, history and destiny, important to understand the way that leads to the production of mere life in modernity. It proceeds in four parts: firstly, it tries to make clear concisely, Walter Benjamin s philosophy in the preface of The Origin of German Tragic Drama, secondly, it makes clear Walter Benjamin s philosophy of Law, in particular his ideas about sovereignty, the appearance of mere life , in modernity, by means of the law, and the relationship between the messianic vision of Walter Benjamin and the termination the state of exception; thirdly, Benjamin s concepts of the state of exception is analyzed and connected with mere life and judicial power; fourthly, the relationship that Benjamin establishes between the diverse elements expounded throughout this work are highlighted conclusively / O presente trabalho analisa a filosofia do direito de Walter Benjamin a partir da particular interpretação da historiografia materialista de Benjamin. Revela os conceitos benjaminianos de tempo, origem, ruptura, verdade, violência, poder, direito, justiça, mito, culpa, história e destino, necessários para compreender a produção da mera vida na modernidade. Procede em quatro tempos. Primeiro, apresenta, sinteticamente, a filosofia da história de Walter Benjamin, constante no prefácio de Origem do drama barroco alemão; segundo, explicita a filosofia do direito de Walter Benjamin, em especial, as ideias referentes à soberania, ao surgimento da mera vida, na modernidade, mediante o direito, e à relação entre a visão messiânica de Benjamin e o fim do estado de exceção; terceiro, são analisados e relacionados os conceitos de Benjamin de estado de exceção, mera vida e poder judiciário; quarto, é destacada, conclusivamente, a relação que Benjamin estabelece entre os diversos elementos expostos ao longo do trabalho

This thesis explores the sense and the implications of the messianicity without messianism, a quasi-concept coined by the thinker Jacques Derrida (1930-2004) in the 1990s that refers to a “structure of experience” characterized by a lack of conclusion. On the one hand, this thesis examines the role that this notion plays within the vast work of Derrida; it aims at demonstrating that it neither indicates a rupture nor it constitutes a mere reformulation of his previous postulates. On the other hand, it establishes a dialogue between this quasi-concept and the use that a number of authors of the XXth century and the beginning of the XXIst, from different contexts and interests, do of the messianic tradition in order to formulate their own understandings of history, linguistics, politics and ethics. This thesis goes in depth into the shortcomings of the proposals of these authors and claims that the messianicity without messianism avoids many of them and offers a more fertile model for describing reality and acting in it. The final aim is to contribute to the reception of this quasi-concept ―which, in our opinion, so far has been slanted and insufficient― and prove that it rescues us from both the risks of the fundamentalisms and those of the paralyzing “everything goes” brought about by the phenomenon of the death of God. / Esta tesis explora el sentido y las implicaciones de la mesianicidad sin mesianismo, un casi-concepto acuñado por el pensador Jacques Derrida (1930-2004) en los años noventa del siglo XX que alude a una “estructura general de la experiencia” caracterizada por la ausencia de conclusión. Por un lado, esta tesis examina el papel que dicha noción desempeña dentro de la vasta obra de Derrida; quiere demostrar que ni supone una ruptura en su obra ni se trata de una mera reformulación de postulados anteriores. Por el otro, establece un diálogo entre este casi-concepto y el uso que una serie de autores del siglo XX e inicios del XXI, desde contextos e intereses distintos, hacen de la tradición mesiánica para formular sus propias concepciones de la historia, la lingüística, la política y la ética. Esta tesis ahonda en las limitaciones de las propuestas de estos autores y defiende que la mesianicidad sin mesianismo evita muchas de ellas y ofrece un modelo más fértil para describir la realidad e intervenir en ella. Todo ello con la voluntad de contribuir a la recepción de este casi-concepto ―que consideramos que, hasta el momento, ha sido sesgada e insuficiente― y mostrar que nos rescata de los riesgos tanto de los fundamentalismos como del paralizante “todo vale” acarreado por el fenómeno de la muerte de Dios.

Toute l’œuvre d’Albert Cohen se centre autour de la mise en scène de fictions identitaires de la judéité. Le romancier avait pour projet d’écrire une vaste « geste des Juifs » à travers les aventures de Solal. Mais ce dessein, affiché délibérément pour les romans, semble en réalité dépasser leur cadre et proposer une immense fresque, autobiographique, romanesque, poétique comme théâtrale, où les aventures de la judéité s’exhibent comme l’actant principal et le ferment majeur d’une esthétique originale. La judéité se vit à la fois en tant qu’expérience singulière et en tant qu’aventure collective. Elle est ainsi un puissant moteur romanesque fondant une mythologie qui lui reste propre. Construite à l’aune d’une filiation homérique, la geste de la judéité propose, plus qu’une épopée à la manière des gestes traditionnelles, une traversée de l’existence juive au sein du monde occidental. Cette judéité, d’autant plus problématique qu’elle est sans cesse déniée et réaffirmée par une réquisition absolue de tout l’être juif, qu’elle se dit dans un rapport ambigu devant des origines inappropriables car lacunaires, représente une véritable dynamique de l’écriture tout autant que l’expression incertaine et contradictoire d’une pensée éthique et existentielle. Et la raison principale de ce mouvement puise dans la volonté de faire advenir un devenir-humain, par le biais de la Loi juive, qui modifiera le monde. Aussi, le Messie, figure obsédante et fascinante, hante l’imaginaire de Cohen, s’infiltrant partout, travaillant en sourdine le personnage de Solal et imposant sa facture singulière à l’être juif dans l’œuvre du romancier. Le messianisme chez Cohen est toujours pluriel et polymorphe. Il informe essentiellement des fictions de la judéité : la littérature se chargera de les décliner. / Albert Cohen’s oeuvre revolves around the staging of Jewish identity. Though the novels only were meant as illustrations of Cohen’s desire to write a vast “epic of the Jews” through Solal’s adventures, it would seem that all his works, be they autobiographical, poetic or dramatic, are in actual fact informed by this desire. So central is Jewish identity, experienced both individually and collectively, to Cohen’s thought and creative process that it appears to be the core of his idiosyncratic aesthetics, and that his writing is based on the myths it creates. However indebted they might be to Homer’s works, the novels are nevertheless less a proper epic than the story of Jewish life in the Western world and offer a complex image of Jewish identity. The latter is constantly both denied and reaffirmed and its origins are forever presented as uncertain. This complexity and uncertainty permeates not only Cohen’s writing, but his ethical and existential thought. What is expressed is the desire for the advent of humanity through the Jewish Law, which will change the world. The fascinating, all pervasive figure of the Messiah is thus obsessively present in Cohen’s creative imagination and defines Solal as well as all the Jewish characters in the novels. Cohen’s complex and protean Messianism informs the staging of Jewish identity that will then take various literary forms.

A presente tese busca compreender o processo de Comunicação das características da cultura norte-americana a partir da leitura e interpretação de textos midiáticos fílmicos de diferentes épocas. O apoio teórico parte da noção de memória textual e código-texto segundo estudos de Iuri Lotman, um dos pesquisadores da Semiótica da Cultura. Nessa perspectiva, as produções do cinema são consideradas como um sistema de signos inseridos na semiosfera correspondente. A descrição do sistema da cultura norte-americana é feita pela identificação de suas narrativas míticas fundacionais, de origem judaico-cristã, latina e egípcia. Os mitos são estudados como elementos encadeadores dos textos da cultura considerados relevantes para esta pesquisa, desde o Descobrimento (século 16) até o período da independência norte-americana (século 18). Uma vez descrito o sistema da cultura norte-americana, por meio da memória textual, procede-se à leitura de dois textos cinematográficos nos quais se verificam configurações desses elementos mitológicos. A tese comprova seu objetivo de demonstrar como o mito da nova ordem repercute em textos do cinema norte-americano do final do século XX, e como esse mito é reiterado na atualidade reforçando o papel preponderante da América como nação renovadora do mundo. / This thesis seeks to understand the process of communication of north-American cultures features from the reading and interpretation of filmic media texts of different periods. The theoretical support starts from the notion of \"textual memory\" and \"code-text\" according to studies of Iuri Lotman, a researcher of Culture Semiotics. From this perspective, the productions of cinema are considered as a system of signs inserted in corresponding semiosphere. The description of the system of north-American culture is made by identification of its founding myths of Judeo-Christian, Latin, and Egyptian origin. The myths are studied as linker elements of culture texts considered relevant to this research, since the \"Discovery\" (16th century) until the period of American independence (18th century). Once described the system of American culture, through the textual memory, it proceeds to read two film texts in which there are settings of these mythological elements. The thesis proves his goal to showing how the new order myth reflects in texts of north-American cinema of the late twentieth century, and how this myth is repeated in the present strengthening the role of America as a nation renewing of world.

Iniciaron a vueltas para 1848, según el contexto messianico del sur del Brasil en el siglo XIX, y en el acuerdo de la realidad y las características de los movimientos rústicos de los sertanejos, en Campestre, Santa Maria, RS, un movimiento messianico dirigido por el asceta João Maria de Agostinho, el "monge santo" o el ermitaño solitario de Campestre y de Botucaraí. João Maria era hombre versátil. Su funcionamiento si los hallazgos la media manera entran en el astuteness táctico para emprender y la simplicidad rústica de su persona. Lo pusieron, ermitaño y caminante. Era un racionalista de una manera tal como para su manera de la vida personal, cuánto en que dirige las actitudes diarias prácticas y de la moraleja de las oficinas de su fieles. El anchoret estableció en local el culto a Antão Santo, legado a los fieles intitled el documento "Aos del Campestre", donde él eligió sus sucesores y él instituyó el peregrinaje o el "partido" de Antão Santo. De ahora encendido, la población comienza a conducir el acontecimiento religioso. El estudio del peregrinaje en tres fases fue basado: crecimiento, de 1848 a 1900; altura, de 1900 a 1930; y consolidación de 1930 a los días actuales. En todos los momentos de su historia, estaban sobre un acontecimiento popular, con diversos grupos sociales implicados. El trabajo analizaba algunos elementos que informan en quiénes son los romeros de Antão Santo. Para saber porqué la población si integra al culto era la intención para la cual si procedió al estudio del acontecimiento. También uno analizaba extensamente las formas diversas donde el la religiosa, social y la pragmática si revela en el peregrinaje, con los procesos de la memoria, las representaciones, reinterpretações, de la acción y de la cultura. La importancia del sacrificio, de los sacros de la manera, del Cerro del Campestre, del agua, de la imagen, del paisaje, del "monge", del Santo y del dios para los worshippers le fue estudiada. Fue intentada para entender el significado de la idea del "partido de Antão Santo" y si consideraba todos los rites y cultos que si podría observar durante la semana del acontecimiento. Intuiu a saber de eso que forma y por qué razón la profane si integra la sagrada y viceversa. Estaba quebrada de un histórico, de un antropológico y de un punto de vista cultural que da visibilidad a los romeros, a los peregrinos, a los habitantes del lugar y al clero, con la prominencia a la versión de la población que incorpora el peregrinaje. Uno valoró las diferencias entre los worshippers y el clero. En el último si procuró contra para los problemas sociales que pueden haber ofrecido coyuntura histórica al movimiento, para la diversidad del peregrinaje, el carácter colectivo de los seres humanos religiosos de las relaciones y para la idea de eso el hombre debe ser valorado antes de cualquier otro proyecto. / Por volta de 1848, segundo o contexto messiânico do sul do Brasil no século XIX, e conforme a realidade e características dos movimentos rústicos sertanejos, iniciou-se em Campestre, Santa Maria, RS, um movimento messiânico encabeçado pelo asceta João Maria de Agostinho, o santo monge ou solitário eremita de Campestre e Botucaraí. João Maria foi homem versátil. Sua atuação se encontra a meio caminho entre a astúcia tática para empreender e a simplicidade rústica da sua pessoa. Era leigo, ermitão e caminhante. Foi um racionalista tanto no que se refere a seu modo de vida pessoal, quanto no que norteia as atitudes cotidianas práticas e morais dos fiéis. O anacoreta estabeleceu no local o culto a Santo Antão, legou aos fiéis um documento intitulado Aos do Campestre , onde escolheu os seus sucessores e instituiu a Romaria ou festa de Santo Antão. A partir de então, a população passa a conduzir o evento religioso. Baseou-se o estudo da Romaria em três fases: crescimento, de 1848 a 1900; auge, de 1900 a 1930; e consolidação, de 1930 aos dias atuais. Em todos os momentos da sua história, tratou-se de um evento popular, com diferentes grupos sociais envolvidos. O trabalho analisou alguns elementos que informam sobre quem são os romeiros de Santo Antão. Saber por que a população se integra ao culto foi intuito pelo qual se procedeu ao estudo do evento. Também se analisou amplamente as diversas formas em que o religioso, o social e o pragmático se manifestam na Romaria, através dos processos de memória, representações, reinterpretações, da ação e da cultura. Estudou-se a importância do sacrifício, da via sacra, do Cerro do Campestre, da água, da imagem, da paisagem, do monge , do Santo e de Deus para os devotos. Tentou-se entender o significado da idéia de festa de Santo Antão e se considerou todos os ritos e cultos que se pôde observar durante a semana do evento. Intuiu-se conhecer de que forma e por qual motivo o profano se integra ao sagrado e vice-versa. Partiu-se de um ponto de vista histórico, antropológico e cultural que dá visibilidade aos romeiros, peregrinos, moradores do lugar e clero, com destaque à versão da população que ingressa na Romaria. Valorizou-se as diferenças entre os devotos e o clero. Enfim se atentou para os problemas sociais que possam ter oferecido conjuntura histórica ao movimento, para a diversidade da Romaria, para o caráter coletivo das relações humanas e religiosas e para a idéia de que o homem deve ser valorizado antes de qualquer outro projeto.

The thesis is concerned with two issues, modern messiahs and their appeal, namely the highly successful Rebbe M.M. Schneerson from Chabad; and hostile, modern day, militant messianists and their beliefs, namely the USA Christian evangelicals and their rapture belief. The study directs attention at the three successful (in the sense that their movements survived their deaths) Jewish Messiahs, the 1st century Jesus, the 17th century Sabbatai Sevi and the present day, but recently deceased (1994) Rebbe Schneerson. The focus in the study falls on the latter two Jewish Messiahs, especially Rebbe Schneerson and Chabad, from Crown Heights, New York, whose messianic beliefs and conduct the thesis has been able to follow in real time. The thesis argues that Rebbe Schneerson and Chabad‟s extreme messianic beliefs and praxis, and the marked similarities that exist between all three Jewish Messiahs and their followers indicate that Chabad will probably, over time, become another religion removed from Judaism. The thesis notes that the three Jewish Messiahs share a similar messiah template, the “„suffering servant‟ messiah” template. The thesis argues that this template is related to the wide appeal and success of these three Jewish messiahs, as it offers their followers the option of vicarious atonement which relieves people from dealing with their own transgressions and permits people to evade the demanding task of assuming personal accountability for all their actions, including their transgressions. The recommendations in this thesis are prompted by the “wall of deafening silence” which is the result of political correctness and the “hands off religion” position, that prevents debate or censure of hostile militant messianism, despite the inherent dangers and high cost attached to the praxis of hostile, militant messianism and militant messianists‟ belief in exclusive apocalyptic scenarios, in modern, multicultural and democratic societies. The thesis argues this situation is not tenable and that it needs to be addressed, especially where modern day, hostile, militant messianists, unlike their predecessors at Qumran, now have access to the military and to military hardware, including nuclear warheads, and are able to hasten the End Times should they simply choose to do so. / Old Testament and Ancient Near Eastern Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Biblical Archaeology)

The thesis is concerned with two issues, modern messiahs and their appeal, namely the highly successful Rebbe M.M. Schneerson from Chabad; and hostile, modern day, militant messianists and their beliefs, namely the USA Christian evangelicals and their rapture belief. The study directs attention at the three successful (in the sense that their movements survived their deaths) Jewish Messiahs, the 1st century Jesus, the 17th century Sabbatai Sevi and the present day, but recently deceased (1994) Rebbe Schneerson. The focus in the study falls on the latter two Jewish Messiahs, especially Rebbe Schneerson and Chabad, from Crown Heights, New York, whose messianic beliefs and conduct the thesis has been able to follow in real time. The thesis argues that Rebbe Schneerson and Chabad‟s extreme messianic beliefs and praxis, and the marked similarities that exist between all three Jewish Messiahs and their followers indicate that Chabad will probably, over time, become another religion removed from Judaism. The thesis notes that the three Jewish Messiahs share a similar messiah template, the “„suffering servant‟ messiah” template. The thesis argues that this template is related to the wide appeal and success of these three Jewish messiahs, as it offers their followers the option of vicarious atonement which relieves people from dealing with their own transgressions and permits people to evade the demanding task of assuming personal accountability for all their actions, including their transgressions. The recommendations in this thesis are prompted by the “wall of deafening silence” which is the result of political correctness and the “hands off religion” position, that prevents debate or censure of hostile militant messianism, despite the inherent dangers and high cost attached to the praxis of hostile, militant messianism and militant messianists‟ belief in exclusive apocalyptic scenarios, in modern, multicultural and democratic societies. The thesis argues this situation is not tenable and that it needs to be addressed, especially where modern day, hostile, militant messianists, unlike their predecessors at Qumran, now have access to the military and to military hardware, including nuclear warheads, and are able to hasten the End Times should they simply choose to do so. / Old Testament and Ancient Near Eastern Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Biblical Archaeology)

The focus of this dissertation is Frank Herbert‘s use of messiahs and martyrs in selected novels of the Dune Chronicles. I make connections with Herbert‘s studies, inspirations and background to his treatment of religion, establishing the translation of these ideas in the texts. To identify and study every aspect of religion in the series is impossible; however, I will include other features that I deem important to my understanding of the religious theme in these texts. I intend to scrutinize these novels to find evidence of Herbert‘s claim that he studied religion at great length. I will also observe Herbert‘s attitude to and engagement with religion in the Dune Chronicles / English Studies / M.A. (English Studies)

L’objectif de ce mémoire est de mettre en lumière la mise en forme, la réception et la transmission de 2S 7,1-17 à l’intérieur du débat qui a présentement cours autour de la rédaction deutéronomiste, ainsi que de vérifier le lien possible de ce texte avec l’évolution de la pensée théologique juive issue de l’édition deutéronomiste. Notre recherche commence par établir un texte hébreu de travail fiable grâce à la critique textuelle. L’analyse syntaxique nous permet ensuite de proposer une traduction qui soit la plus fidèle possible au texte hébreu retenu afin de mieux comprendre le sens du texte dans sa langue originale. Nous abordons, dans le troisième chapitre, la question des différentes sources littéraires ayant pu servir à la composition du texte de 2S 7,1-17. L’exploration plus détaillée de quelques pistes qui sont apparues à la suite de la critique des sources et de la réception du texte de 2S 7,1-17 par le(s) Chroniste(s), nous permet de constater qu’à l’intérieur des traditions textuelles hébraïques, la prophétie de Nathan a évolué de façon significative dans le parcours des différentes traditions de relecture. À partir des quatres étapes de recherches, nous dégageons les éléments qui pourraient être mis en lien avec les théories existantes dans le cadre de l’histoire deutéronomiste et mettons en lumière les forces et les faiblesses des solutions proposées. Les résultats de la recherche nous permettent de penser que l’intégration de la prophétie de Nathan dans la trame historique s’expliquerait par la nécessité d’éclairer une suite d’événements selon diverses perspectives théologiques. Ce n’est qu’à partir des conditions exiliques que nous aurions le texte de 2S 7,1-17 le plus tardif offrant une réflexion sur la première histoire d’Israël. Dans ce sens, la prophétie de Nathan prendrait toute sa valeur et son extension bien au-delà de la seule histoire personnelle de David ou de Salomon. / The principal objective of this thesis is to elucidate the source materials, the reception and the transmission of 2S 7,1-17 inside the debate concerning the Deuteronomic History, as well as to verify the possible link of the text with the evolution of the Jewish theology coming from the Deuteronomic edition. Our research begins with textual criticism in order to establish a reliable text in the Hebrew language. Then a syntactic analysis allows us to propose an accurate translation and to better understand the meaning of the text in its original language. Taking into account the results from these two first chapters, we then deal with the question concerning the different literary sources which lie behind the text of 2S 7,1-17. A more detailed exploration of some issues ensuins the source criticism and the study of the reception of 2S 7,1-17 by the Chronicler(s), show that inside the Hebrew literal traditions, the prophecy of Nathan evolved significantly in different traditions. Based on the four steps of research, we identify the elements that could be linked with the theories existing in the debate of the Deuteronomic History, and highlight the forces and the weaknesses of the proposed solutions. The research results allow us to think that the integration of the prophecy of Nathan into history could be explained by the necessity to clarify a sequence of events according to the diverse theological perspectives. It is in the conditions of the Exile that we have the latest text of 2S 7,1-17 offering a reflection on the first history of Israel. In this meaning, the prophecy of Nathan takes all its value and its extension beyond only the personal history of David or of Solomon.