Submitted by Mauricio Martinelli Silva Luperi (mluperi@gmail.com) on 2012-08-22T20:36:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE FINAL BIBLIOTECA.pdf: 2792504 bytes, checksum: d5e859c60db6e24376ba31b2f0a0d511 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2012-08-23T17:41:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE FINAL BIBLIOTECA.pdf: 2792504 bytes, checksum: d5e859c60db6e24376ba31b2f0a0d511 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-08-23T18:01:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE FINAL BIBLIOTECA.pdf: 2792504 bytes, checksum: d5e859c60db6e24376ba31b2f0a0d511 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-10 / The possibility of the economy becoming more mathematicized began with the marginalist revolution in the late nineteenth century. However, effectively, the process of mathematization of economic discourse would only become widespread, according to MIROWSKI (1991), from 1925 onwards. In an attempt to elucidate how this process took place and when it occurred in Brazil, we wrote three critical essays on the subject. The goal of the first essay is to make more accessible to Brazilian students and researchers a discussion that is held somewhat dispersedly in our country, and also to encourage further research on the subject. This subject is the discussion about the influence of the crisis in mathematics and physics of the early twentieth century on economic discourse. To see how this happened, we investigated the texts of some of the main authors who dealt with the subject. So we seek to elucidate the differences in rigor between the different models in Economics before and after the creation by mathematical physicists of quantum physics and non-Euclidean geometry, as well as its impact on general equilibrium theory. In the second essay, we begin by presenting the main benefits generated by the mathematization of economics, according to what is proclaimed by some of the advocates of the progress of the mathematical formalization of the economic discourse. After that, we point out the more traditional criticism to this mathematization process. Then we focus on the recent criticism of GILLIES (2005) about the the prevalence of operational numbers in economics. Later we analyze the criticism presented by BRESSER-PEREIRA (2008), who considers that the hypothetical-deductive method used by the "mainstream" is inadequate for economics. Finally, bearing in mind the definitions of BRESSER-PEREIRA (2008), we tentatively associate the reproduction of the hypothetical-deductive method to a metatheoretical process triggered by the theory of general equilibrium. In our third essay, we check how mathematical formalization in economics advanced in Brazil in the last three decades. To see this, we classified into several categories all the articles published in three major economic journals of the country (Revista Brasileira de Economia, Estudos Econômicos and Revista de Economia Política) and also the papers presented at the meetings of ANPEC (Associação Nacional dos Centros de Pós Graduação em Economia) from 1981 to 2010, according to the type of argument used. The total of articles analyzed was 5733. We try to notice if there was a turning point in the trajectory of economic discourse, making it more mathematical. Finally, in order to reinforce our analysis, we focus on the process of mathematization through the observation of a quantitative variable: equations per article. / A possibilidade da economia se tornar mais matematizada se iniciou com a revolução marginalista no final do século XIX. Entretanto, efetivamente, o processo de matematização do discurso econômico apenas teria se propagado, segundo MIROWSKI (1991), a partir de 1925. A fim de tentar elucidar como se deu esse processo e quando teria ocorrido no Brasil é que escrevemos três ensaios críticos sobre o tema. O objetivo do primeiro ensaio é o de tornar mais acessível aos estudantes e pesquisadores brasileiros uma questão que é tratada de maneira pouco orgânica em nosso país, e também incentivar novas pesquisas. Trata-se da discussão sobre as principais influências da crise da matemática e da física do final do século XX sobre o discurso econômico. Para verificar como isso se deu, investigamos os textos de alguns dos principais autores que tratam do tema. E daí buscamos elucidar as diferenças de rigor entre os diferentes modelos físicos matemáticos antes e depois da física quântica e da geometria não euclidiana, bem como seus impactos na teoria do equilíbrio geral. No segundo ensaio, iniciamos definindo os principais benefícios gerados pela matematização da economia, proclamados por alguns dos defensores do avanço do processo de formalização matemática sobre o discurso econômico. Em seguida, apontamos as críticas mais tradicionais a esse processo de matematização. Depois nos concentramos nas críticas mais recentes de GILLIES (2005) sobre a prevalência de números operacionais em economia. Para afinal, analisarmos a crítica de BRESSER-PEREIRA (2008) que considera o método hipotético-dedutivo utilizado pelo 'mainstream' inadequado à economia. Por último, de maneira tentativa, tendo em mente as definições de BRESSER-PEREIRA (2008), buscamos associar a reprodução do método hipotético-dedutivo a um processo metateórico deflagrado pela teoria do equilíbrio geral. No nosso terceiro ensaio, buscamos verificar como a formalização matemática avançou na ciência econômica brasileira nas três últimas décadas. Para observar isso, classificamos em diversas categorias todos os artigos publicados em três das principais revistas de economia do país (Revista Brasileira de Economia, Estudos Econômicos e Revista de Economia Política), bem como as publicações efetuadas nos encontros da ANPEC (Associação Nacional dos Centros de Pós-graduação em Economia) desde 1981 até 2010, de acordo com o tipo de argumentação utilizada. O total de artigos analisados soma 5.733. Procuramos observar quando houve um ponto de inflexão na trajetória do discurso econômico, tornando-o mais matemático. Por fim, para atestar nossas conclusões, focamos o processo de matematização na observação da variável quantitativa: equações por artigo.

Cette thèse propose de couvrir l’évolution de l’intérêt pour la prévision dans la théorie des relations internationales, en partant d’une constatation générale : son existence est contrastée, tributaire des fluctuations conceptuelles. Les deux premières Parties s’articulent respectivement autour de la défense d’une part et de la critique, d’autre part, de l’étude de l’avenir. Si l’on remonte tout d’abord aussi loin que la naissance du champ dans le monde anglo-américain, c’est parce que la question fut abordée par les premiers théoriciens libéraux, en raison du contexte issu de la première Guerre mondiale. Les contributions majeures de Hans Morgenthau, Morton Kaplan et Kenneth Waltz sont ensuite analysées, avant de céder leur place aux discours critiques. Une fois cet état de l’art établi, cette thèse suggère un bilan des parties en présence et propose une justification alternative, visant à légitimer différemment l’insertion d’une réflexion sur l’inconnu temporel en Relations internationales. La méthode alors préconisée déplace le cœur de l’argumentation vers les terrains de l’épistémologie et de la prescription, en vue de montrer finalement que la question de l’avenir est à la fois légitime et incontournable. / This thesis proposes to cover the evolution of the interest for the prediction in the theories of international relations, starting with a general observation: its existence is contrasted, dependent on conceptual changes. The first two Parties are organized respectively around the defense on the one hand and criticism, on the other hand, of the study of the future. If we decide to go back as far as the birth of the field in the Anglo-American world, it is because the issue was first addressed by liberal theorists, due to the context after the World War I. The major contributions of Hans Morgenthau, Kenneth Waltz and Morton Kaplan are then analyzed before we focus on critical discourses. Once this state of the art established, this thesis suggests a review of the parties and offers an alternative justification to legitimize differently inserting a reflection on the unknown time in International Relations. The preferred method then moves the heart of the argument to the fields of epistemology and prescription, in order to finally show that the question of the future is both legitimate and compelling.

Many prominent scientists have pointed out that philosophy is of no benefit to science. Stephen Hawking asserts: Philosophy is dead! Sciences use conceptions like natural laws, matter, nature, theories, etc. But science is also confronted with questions such as: "What is a natural law?" "What is nature?" "What is matter?" and "What is a scientific theory?" These (metatheoretical) questions exceed the sphere of competence of science – they are items of the philosophy of science. Philosophy of science is a metatheory of science. The Philosophy of science overlaps epistemology, ontology, and metaphysics by exploring whether scientific results are true, or whether entities like quarks or electrons really exist. More detailed investigations bring various questions into consideration such as: "How do we define the boundaries between different scientific disciplines?" "Is there a relation between the beauty and the truth of a scientific theory?" and "How do we distinguish between science and pseudoscience?" Additionally, the philosophy of science is concerned with ethical problems of modern technology, with the methodological questions, with the reconstruction of the structure and the development of scientific theories, and with revealing of any indoctrination of science. The optimistic conclusion of this paper is: Philosophy is still alive – but the philosopher has to participate in round-table discussions with scientists. We just want philosophers talking to scientists!

Many prominent scientists have pointed out that philosophy is of no benefit to science. Stephen Hawking asserts: Philosophy is dead! Sciences use conceptions like natural laws, matter, nature, theories, etc. But science is also confronted with questions such as: "What is a natural law?" "What is nature?" "What is matter?" and "What is a scientific theory?" These (metatheoretical) questions exceed the sphere of competence of science – they are items of the philosophy of science. Philosophy of science is a metatheory of science. The Philosophy of science overlaps epistemology, ontology, and metaphysics by exploring whether scientific results are true, or whether entities like quarks or electrons really exist. More detailed investigations bring various questions into consideration such as: "How do we define the boundaries between different scientific disciplines?" "Is there a relation between the beauty and the truth of a scientific theory?" and "How do we distinguish between science and pseudoscience?" Additionally, the philosophy of science is concerned with ethical problems of modern technology, with the methodological questions, with the reconstruction of the structure and the development of scientific theories, and with revealing of any indoctrination of science. The optimistic conclusion of this paper is: Philosophy is still alive – but the philosopher has to participate in round-table discussions with scientists. We just want philosophers talking to scientists!

A possible "discursive turn" is believed to have been observed within Swedish political science in later years. The purpose of this study is to examine whether or not such a turn has actually taken place, in order to further determine if a resulting theoretical homogeneity poses a risk to the ability of Swedish political science to identify and respond to its full width of possible research problems, and to determine its perspectives on both these problems and the results that are later communicated to the general society. To do so, the study poses the following primary research question: "Has a discursive turn occurred within Swedish political science?" This question is then broken down into two specified research questions. "Has discourse analysis become a more common approach for doctoral dissertations in political science during the period of 2000-2013?" "Have ideas corresponding with discourse theory become more common within doctoral dissertations in political science that are not pure discourse analyses during the period of 2000-2013?" These questions are then answered by examining all known 406 doctoral dissertations in political science published in Sweden during the 21st century up until (and including) the year of 2013, using two forms of content analysis, one manual and one computer-assisted. The study finds no clear evidence of a discursive turn in Swedish political science since the turn of the century. The results demonstrate, however, that while ideas corresponding with discourse theory do not appear to have become unambiguously more common in recent times, they do appear in some form in a majority of the examined dissertations, albeit most often on the margin. The study finds no significant indications of a theoretical homogenisation that might impede upon the ability of political science to identify and respond to its full width of research problems. Discourse analysis appears to have a stable presence within Swedish political science, but does not appear to risk contributing to a homogenous research climate that might damage the plurality of research. Instead, it might be seen as a contribution to this plurality.

Copyright law relegates translation to a secondary, or derivative, status, which means that publishing a translation requires the permission of the rights holder of the original. This thesis argues for the timeliness of revisiting the translation right by analyzing its foundations and its implications from a transdisciplinary public policy perspective. This is done by first studying the historical and philosophical foundations of copyright law itself where the translation right is housed, revealing questionable philosophical arguments and a colonial past that has created legal path dependencies. The thesis then undertakes an examination of the foundations of the translation right specifically, dubbed “the international issue par excellence,” which confirms the same pattern observed in the development of copyright law. Given the complete absence of the translator’s perspective from all international discussions on the translation right, copyright’s view of translation is then contrasted with recent scholarship in translation theory, with a special focus on the notion of agency(-ies), exposing the incompatibility of these views on translation, and highlighting the importance of including the perspective of translation studies in policies and laws related to translation. The last part of the thesis explores the present-day realities of knowledge societies, digital technologies, and globalization, in order to identify the role of translation today and in the future, while highlighting the tremendous gaps between the have’s and the have-not’s, and the necessity of recognizing the specificities of different societies. Knowledge is the new capital of the world, and the translation right is an impediment to the key role translation can potentially play in allowing societies to participate in the cycle of its consumption and regeneration. Digital technologies are powerful enablers that have allowed those who have leveraged and embraced them, such as the open movement and prosumers of all types, to transform the nature of their interactions with their environment macro- and microstructurally. This has also been reflected in the profession of translation, where collaborative projects are constantly initiated, while the nature of the translator’s work is changing to the point where one seriously doubts whether the provisions of the century-old translation right still apply to it. The discussion on globalization focuses on language in a globalized world, power relations between linguistic communities, and means of preserving linguistic diversity and heritage. The translation right, with its questionable foundations and outdated nature, is an impediment to the potential role of translation (as representative of the public interest) in the world, and must be revisited and at least reduced to the point of constituting balanced public policy. Social development, power relations and the necessity of differentiation (or “otherness”) are running themes throughout the work, which tries to balance between theoretical discussions from various relevant disciplines and reliance on United Nations and other public policy research.

A majority of current leadership programs are failing to deliver a comprehensive approach to leadership development by not providing middle and frontline managers the skills to enhance their potential to develop others. In failing to generate a comprehensive system, animosity towards all types of leadership has been festering for over 40 years as first identified by Greenleaf in 1977. The purpose of the study was to establish a link between the theoretical paradigms of servant leadership and self-leadership using the lens of emotional intelligence to generate an integral leadership development framework. The conceptual framework used Goleman et al.'s version of emotional intelligence, Spears's model of servant leadership, and Manz's concepts of self-leadership. The research question examined the interrelationship between the three theoretical paradigms and used the analysis to create a theoretical framework. A paradigm and systematic word search phrase yielded an initial sample of 1356 research articles. Using text scrutinization to achieve saturation, I used 342 articles to evaluate the gap between the three theoretical paradigms. The analysis of the secondary data used Edwards's approach to metatheory-building. The results yielded the beginnings of a new theory of self-perpetuating leadership style called sustainable leadership. Also noted based on the literature a serious absence of ethics, morality, or spirituality in leadership development. This study is important because it uses a holistic framework based on development techniques found in three theoretical leadership paradigms to help aspiring leaders to develop others. The positive social change that may result is an improvement in leadership skills, over time, through a comprehensive approach to leadership development for aspiring leaders.

Die Frage, wie Musiktheorien unterschiedlicher Provenienz und Charakteristik auf eine Weise miteinander verknüpft werden können, die ebenso aus fachwissenschaftlicher wie aus wissenschaftstheoretischer Perspektive akzeptabel erscheint, gewinnt für die zunehmend ausdifferenzierte Musiktheorie der Gegenwart mehr und mehr an Bedeutung. Der Beitrag geht dieser Frage nach, indem er erstens diverse Strategien des Umgangs mit theoretischer Diversität in der Analyse referiert und kritisiert, zweitens auf das Inkommensurabilitätsproblem verweist, das sich im Rahmen von Theorierezeption stellt, drittens fünf Thesen zur modifizierenden Theorierezeption diskutiert und viertens Metatheorie als Instrument eines unabschließbaren Prozesses der Selbstreflexion von Theorie konzeptualisiert. / The question of how theories of different origin and characteristics can be combined in a way that seems acceptable for music theorists as well as for philosophers of science is gaining more and more importance for the increasingly differentiated music theory of the present day. The article examines this question first by describing and criticizing various strategies of dealing with theoretical diversity in analysis; second, by referring to the incommensurability problem arising in the context of theory reception; third, by discussing five theses on modified theory reception; and finally, by conceptualizing metatheory as an interminable process of selfreflection of theory.

Text in Afrikaans / This study was aimed at the development of a multicultural counselling model for tertiary education with the emphasis on experiential learning and integration on all levels. Although the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) is prescriptive about the outcomes concerning multicultural involvement it does not clearly prescribe experiential learning - causing educational institutions to underplay experiential learning. Ignorance exists about multiculturalism in training programmes. Educational institutions often implement programmes randomly without proper consideration of the multicultural needs of the student population. People from different cultures often experience the caregiver as having little understanding and respect for diverse cultures, often leading to the early termination and inaccessibility of professional services. To provide guidelines to educational institutions about multicultural counselling training, the researcher provided a paradigmatic perspective as foundation to the drafting of a counselling model for training. The Grounded Theory was used to obtain scientifically based information about the multicultural counselling training phenomenon in South Africa as well as the development of a multicultural counselling model for tertiary education. People in professional services were interviewed and compared to literature, whereafter all applicable concepts, principles, processes and elements grounded in the paradigmatic perspective were examined, identified and coded as components of the multicultural counselling model, with the aid of a core category, categories and subcategories. Henceforth a multicultural counselling model for training was developed. The central thesis of the research is that the multicultural counsellor has certain skills that stem from the training received at South African educational institutions, which does not necessarily encompass the concept of multiculturalism. It therefore does not equip the student to successfully help patients from a diverse culture. This problem can be intercepted through a training model with appropriate components of multiculturalism in the curriculum of educational institutions in South Africa. Conclusions and recommendations were made according to the Grounded Theory. The findings of the scientific procedure were evaluated according to reliability as well as the criteria of Chinn en Kramer (1991). Answers were obtained through scientific reasoning and empirical research to produce a model for the implementation of multicultural training within the context of South African educational institutions. / Social Work / D. Diac. (Play Therapy)

The dominant construction of democracy on a global scale is in the liberal tradition. It is evident in the criteria which constitute democratic barometers in organisations like Freedom House, the International Monetary Fund, the United Nations and the World Trade Organisation. This study seeks to provide a third-order analysis of liberal democratic consolidation theory in order to highlight that its theoretical discourse and underlying structure is not necessarily compatible with the cultural values of the non-Western world using a critical discourse analysis. Democratic consolidation in the non-Western world may not necessarily mirror the theoretical model of liberal democratic consolidation. Given the hegemonic position of liberal democracy‘s criteria and its dominant discourse and role as a barometer of democracy, this study focuses on democratic consolidation in this tradition. It is primarily due to the perceived inability of non-Western states to consolidate their democracies in the liberal democratic tradition and by default, construct thriving liberal democracies. Present theories of liberal democratic consolidation theory deal with governmental, political organisational and societal aspects of liberal democracy. The level of change these theories propagate is all encompassing, and consequently one cannot merely study one aspect of liberal democratic consolidation theory, but needs to analyse the paradigm as a whole in order to explore its metatheoretical structure. It is in this light that the study conducts an appraisal of liberal democratic consolidation theory. The critique developed in this study is aimed at addressing a disparity that currently exists within contemporary consolidation of liberal democracy theory, namely a failure of producers of liberal democratic discourse to understand the philosophical and ideological undertone of liberal democratic consolidation‘s understructure. The study does not seek to conceptualise alternative criteria of democratic consolidation in the non-Western context, but focuses on liberal democratic consolidation theory, to demonstrate that its criteria is not necessarily an appropriate barometer to measure democracy in the non-Western world. / Political Sciences / D.Litt. et Phil. (African Politics)