Research consisting of two parts. The first part concerned the implementation of the Territorial Agenda 2020 and its relation with the economic oriented Agenda 2020 and Cohesion Policy. The second part concerned a more specific part of the implementation process, namely in structures of international cooperation in the Benelux. Using the theory of Europeanization (downloading, uploading, circular and horizontal) an analysis provided insights in the way the Netherlands and Flanders use the TA2020 and previous documents, as well as the VLANED group (a cooperation network of spatial planners from Flanders and the Netherlands) is using the TA2020 in their meetings.

Land use, transport, and energy systems create demands that are transferred to ecosystems. Urban sprawl is increasing, open space and farmland are disappearing and climate change is a growing concern. Yet local, national, and EU policies on sustainable development and economic growth are often at odds with one another. A sector-by-sector approach that focuses on incremental actions precludes effective, integrated solutions. Progress towards sustainability requires a systems-based perspective grounded in science. This paper presents a comprehensive and strategic framework to help communities (1) adopt a whole-systems view to land use, transport, and energy, (2) develop a vision to guide their actions, and (3) strategically adopt actions that close the gap between the current reality and the envisioned sustainable future. An emphasis is placed on strategies related to governance structures and strategies to secure political and public acceptance, including approaches to public participation.

More than half the world’s population now lives in urban areas putting the city on the frontline of the social and environmental challenge and yet, city planning presents many opportunities to move a city towards sustainability. The city development plan (DP) is a powerful vehicle for change. This research seeks to understand the gaps between an ideal catalytic development planning process and current reality, and provide recommendations to support the attainment of a city’s sustainability objectives. The Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development (FSSD) was used to define a generic “Golden Standard” planning process to help the local authority better leverage its internal resources and refine governance systems to achieve long-lasting cultural change from within to accelerate the city’s progression towards sustainability. A case study with the Dublin City Council’s Planning Department in Ireland provided valuable insight and limited practical application of the Golden Standard.

Thanks primarily to the international community, sustainable development has in recent decades been more in the forefront. Many communities around the world are taking part in discussions and implementing strategies that address sustainable development. However, Sweden has been and continues to be extremely proactive in addressing sustainable development. Perhaps, this can be seen best in the län of Skåne. There are numerous communities throughout Skåne that address sustainable development. In addition, and what also makes Skåne an even more interesting case study is its recent history, which includes a significant influx of immigrants, the construction of the Öresund Bridge, and the desire of the national government of Sweden to address sustainable development. This project looks at a specific region in the two types of countries that do not address sustainable development (Turkey and the U.S.A.) and examines what methods from Skåne can be implemented into the respective regions. In addition, addressing sustainable development in a regional context involves the creation of a complex social system. Therefore, the paper also analyzes how these two regions can think and operate like regions and initiate a plan for sustainable development. / tepecikasli@gmail.com, eem_anderson@yahoo.com

The issue of environmental sustainability is rising nowadays, which made the organisations to survive the planet. Accordingly, the governments are giving support to organisations for taking steps to achieve the environmental sustainability. To achieve the environmental sustainability, it is needed to bring change in organisations. Besides, Information Technology plays a significant role to develop novel processes and technologies to control the environmental loads for achieving environmental sustainability. This study is based on three mainstay concepts: Change Management, Green IT, and Organisational Culture. This research is intended to identify Green IT initiatives to achieve the environmental sustainability through change management and organisational culture in the organisations. A change management model is ultimately presented in the analysis, which describes the process of change management within an organisation based on the three main concepts mentioned above. This study is an investigation based on literature reviews and two case studies (Tetra Pak (Pakistan) and Panasonic (Sweden)). Case Studies have been carried out to verify the commodity of change process model (theoretical framework) and change management model. The research is also aimed to find, if the investigated organisations ultimately capture the targeted result, when willing to bring Green IT in their organisational systems.

Arbete som fokuserar på stadens fysiska strukturer samt stadens funktioner inom ett område i centrala Norrköping. I arbetet redovisas dels en allmänteoretisk beskrivning av begreppen hållbar utveckling, stadens fysiska strukturer och stadens funktion, och därefter en analys av det aktuella planområdet utifrån dessa aspekter. Inledningsvis återges grundläggande historie-, och nutidsbeskrivning av Norrköping samt problembeskrivning för det planområde som uppsatsen avser ge förbättringsförslag för. Uppsatser ger även fördjupad kunskap i såväl allmänteoretiska som platsspecifika ämnen så som hållbar utveckling, stadens fysiska strukturer, stadens funktion samt om medborgardeltagande. Informationen är hämtad hållbar utveckling, stadens fysiska strukturer, stadens funktion samt om medborgardeltagande. Det planförslag som presenteras i arbetet syftar till att itergrera de olika delarna i centrala Norrköping ur planeringssynpunkt samt ge ett tryggare och livligare centrum i Norrköping med ett ökat flöde av folk och där vissa kvarter inte bara passeras förbi obemärkta utan även ger invånarna anledning att stanna till. Planförlaget analyseras därefter utifrån både långsiktiga och kortsiktiga konsekvenser för samtliga olika faktorer som tagits upp tidigare. Här skall man tydligt kunna se hur väl planförslaget uppfyller sitt syfte. Dessutom presenteras en framtidsanalys för hur jag ser på stadens möjligheter att få en fortsatt hållbar stadsutveckling. / john_e_oster@hotmail.com

I Sverige har handeln, sedan 60- och 70-talet, genomgått en omfattande strukturomvandling. Från att ha ägt rum i städernas centrum har den lokaliserats till allt mer perifera lägen - en trend som resulterat i de externa köpcentrum vi ser runt om i landet idag. Det kan konstateras att bilen spelat en stor roll i utvecklingen av externa köpcentrum; handelns omstrukturering hade inte kunnat ske om det inte vore för bilismens framväxt och den ökade mobilitet som den gav upphov till. I uppsatsens litteraturgenomgång konstateras att bilismen inte bara krympte avstånden utan även skapade nya, med en rad problem som följd, bland annat bilberoende transportstrukturer och negativ klimatpåverkan. Dessa transportstrukturer står i konflikt med miljökvalitetsmålet Begränsad klimatpåverkan, det miljökvalitetsmål som Regeringen anser är Sveriges högs prioriterade. Trots detta planeras och byggs externa köpcentrum runt om i Sverige idag. I uppsatsens fallstudie undersöks hur de externa köpcentrum Östra Torp i Uddevalla samt Haganäs i Älmhult planeras för gång-, cykel- och kollektivtrafikanter samt vilka hänsyn som tas till dessa transportmedel i planeringsfasen. För att kunna bedöma vilka hänsyn som tagits har en metod arbetats fram, vilken resulterat i en checklista innehållande viktiga planeringsprinciper för dessa transportmedel. Metoden baseras på vedertagna planeringsrekommendationer för gång-, cykel- och kollektivtrafik. Det kan konstateras att vid planeringen av de externa köpcentrum som undersökts har hänsyn tagits till gång-, cykel och kollektivtrafik, men detta har inte gjorts konsekvent, och således har planeringen brister som skulle kunna åtgärdas. Vidare kan konstateras att planeringen på området för det externa köpcentrumet främst utgått ifrån den bilburnes premisser vilket också har resulterat i en för externa köpcentrum karaktäristisk, bilorienterad utformning. Vidare undersöker uppsatsen hur dessa brister skulle kunna tillgodoses i ett avslutande gestaltningsförslag. Syftet är att visa på hur en alternativ planering skulle kunna gestaltas för att förbättra de fysiska förutsättningarna för mindre bilberoende trafikstrukturer och således resultera i resmönster vilka kan minska motsättningen mellan utformningen av externa köpcentrum och miljökvalitetsmålet Begränsad klimatpåverkan. Målet med uppsatsen är att undersöka om, och i så fall hur, motsättningen mellan miljökvalitetsmålet Begränsad klimatpåverkan och externa köpcentrums utformning kan motverkas genom att planera externa köpcentrum enligt studerade planeringsprinciper för gång-, cykel- och kollektivtrafik. I uppsatsen konstateras att det går att planera externa köpcentrum på ett sätt som förbättrar de fysiska förutsättningarna för gång-, cykel och kollektivtrafik, samt visa på en metod för hur detta kan göras. Med checklistan som hjälpmedel skulle misstag kunna avhjälpas i ett tidigt planeringsskede. Efterkonstruktioner kan därmed undvikas och den fysiska miljön eventuellt bli bättre. Vidare kan konstateras att metoden som framtagits specifikt för denna uppsats, i form av checklistan, utgår ifrån generella normer och resonemang och kan därför användas vid planering av andra externa köpcentrum.

For some years now, the phenomena of urban agriculture have been present in the public discourse on cities and sustainability. It is often assumed that urban agriculture has the potential to contribute to an increased sustainability of the cities. However, many practical and theoretical obstacles might have to be overcome in order to realize this potential. One ambition of this thesis is to analyse urban agriculture as a “sustainability multiplier” – that is, as a practice that can positively affect a large number of dimensions of sustainability. Another ambition is to study how urban agriculture can contribute to lower the “ecological footprint” of our cities. Two concepts are essential in the discussion and have been given special attention in the thesis: “ecological footprint” and “sustainability”.

The Mediterranean is the world’s number one tourist destination and the biggest tourism region in the world, which has been visited by 260 million tourists in 1990 and what is more, it is expected that this number will increase to 655 million by the year 2025. In the last 10 years Croatia and Turkey became two of the most popular Mediterranean destinations, and joined the trend of a growing number of European cities that are promoting the development of tourism in order to overcome the post-industrial crisis, or as in the case of Croatia, the post-war crisis. Consequently, today both countries see tourism as their economic future. However, to achieve continuous and sustainable development of tourism, three interrelated aspects should be taken into consideration: economic, social, and environmental. The main question that we tried to answer is in what ways tourism is contributing to the sustainable development of the local community - based on the case studies of Alanya in Turkey, and Dubrovnik in Croatia. Both communities have experienced rapid development of the tourism sector in the last 10 years, which still seems to rise continuously. As a result, various impacts have occurred. Some of them are positive and there is an obvious contribution to sustainable development, while some of the impacts have negative influence on sustainability. Alanya is characterized by the 3S or mass tourism, while Dubrovnik is a world heritage city, which is offering cultural tourism. Notably, mass tourism in Alanya and cultural tourism in Dubrovnik have different impacts on a place. Although Alanya has the opportunity to diversify their tourism, mass tourism is still the main tourism activity. Since mass tourism generally involves a large number of people visiting a small area, it can change an area dramatically. What is interesting about Dubrovnik is that its tourism has suffered a series of devastating events throughout history, such as a major earthquake in 1979 and war between 1991 and 1995, which has left the local tourist economy in tatters. However, cultural tourism in Dubrovnik has been proven as a more sustainable type of tourism than the mass tourism in Alanya, which can be mostly seen through the environmental impacts. In Dubrovnik, tourism is used to increase environmental awareness of the local population, and moreover, the city has recognized the financial values of cultural sites, which are used for the protection and preservation of the heritage.While Dubrovnik is putting a lot of effort to preserve its culture and heritage, Alanya’s main aim is to attract more tourists. For that reason, Alanya is much more sensitive than Dubrovnik concerning the possible threats to become an overdeveloped and overcrowded destination. The rich cultural and historical heritage make Dubrovnik a special and unique tourist destination, and therefore it is facing less risk than Alanya that it will be replaced by the other destinations in the near future. What is important for both communities is to be aware that positive consequences of tourism can arise only if, and when tourism is carried out and developed in a sustainable way. In order to achieve positive correlation between tourism and the local community, an involvement of the local population is essential. In Dubrovnik, the local population has been already involved in the implementation of the tourism, but the potential is still not completely used and there is much more to be done. On the other hand, the priority for Alanya perhaps should be a development of the alternative types of tourism with the special focus on the cultural tourism, which would enable Alanya to become a year-round tourist destination and provide more jobs for the local population, as well as greater income for the community. Moreover, earned money could be used for the protection of the environment and cultural heritage, and involvement of the local population in the planning process would arguably lead to more sustainable tourism. / Ana Beban +385 98 389 420 +385 1 3768 230 anabeban@yahoo.com Huseyin Ok huseyinok@gmail.com

When Sweden first implemented Natura 2000 in 1995, it was done in a hurry and not all the information from the European Commission was interpreted as it was intended. The fact is that it took a long time for the authorities in Sweden to really understand Natura 2000 and its potential. The big break came in 2000 when the Swedish environmental Code was changed to match the regulations of Natura 2000. This created problems for already planned projects in Sweden that now had to follow the new rules. The implementation also provided the environmentalist management to advance at the expense of the spatial planning in a struggle about the governance over the landscape. In this thesis the Natura 2000 network is described as an instrument and compared to other nature protections in Sweden. The thesis also gives a description on how Natura 2000 is built up and how it was and is implemented in Sweden. The Environmentalist paradigm and planning paradigm are described and presented in the case studies Tre Toppar and Botniabanan. The development of the two cases is also described to get a picture of how differently they were managed and how different they turned out in the end. / Examination name of the thesis: Natura 2000- The implementation and the Use in Sweden, Case study of Botniabanan and Tre Toppar. Johan Johansson Gomér: +46703089306 Erika Wärneryd: +46735070737