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91	坑冶競利──明代的礦政、礦盜與地域社會 / Digging for profit: mining policy, mine pilfering, and local society in Ming China 唐立宗 Unknown Date (has links) 明代礦業是中國礦業發展興衰成敗的關鍵期，在物質文化、商品經濟帶動下，此時各界都對工業原料的獲取感到興趣，明代官方與民間也不例外，官方政策無論是封禁或鼓勵開採，著眼點都是在確保「普天之下莫非王土」的礦利之權；而民間開採風氣亦屢禁不絕，亦即官民均在坑冶中進行活動，形同「坑冶競利」的較勁現象。明代礦政發展可分三期觀察：(1)明初洪武至宣德年間(1368-1435)是明代礦業穩定發展期。朱元璋立國主張謹慎發展銅鐵開採事業，嚴禁金銀等貴重金屬的開採，但繼任者明成祖朱棣則支持開採弛禁，積極推動開礦事業，因此明代放寬對鐵冶開採的限制，不過對於金銀等貴重金屬開採則出現爭論，時開時禁，反倒成為明代礦業政策中最為鮮明的特色。(2)明正統至萬曆年間(1436-1620)是礦法與礦課調整時期。自明英宗朱祈鎮即位後，政府嚴格加強礦政管理，發布禁約，犯者即調軍剿捕，直到萬曆朝中期，官方還陸續針對《大明律》所欠缺的礦法，修改金銀銅錫等礦法條例細則，以因應社會的變遷。為求開礦增課，官方對於民間的非法採冶活動作了讓步，並改變明初定額課徵的規定，實施官三民七或官四民六的抽分制。但因皇室財政相當倚重礦銀收入，部分地區被強制改採官民對半抽分制，或實施「包派」、「包砂」、「包課」等名目不一的礦稅制度，弊端層出不窮，反而得不償失。(3)明天啟至崇禎年間(1621-1644)是封礦與開採弛禁時期。受到萬曆朝礦稅使事件影響，後來朝野各界均不主張開礦，但晚明財政的危機、邊鎮軍餉匱乏，急需鑄造錢幣礦料等因素，促使朝廷逐漸放寬採礦禁令，進而同意各地擴大開採貴重礦物，並翻譯頒布《坤輿格致》等礦書。帶給明代礦政最致命的傷害，莫過於「礦盜」的活躍。自明初起，有關當局欲傾全力去圍堵防範，可是官方以暴制暴的鎮壓方式，反倒促成葉宗留等礦徒公開稱王造反，成為明代最為眾人所知的礦盜事件。為了穩定礦區生產與秩序，中央曾特派戶部官員、內臣與錦衣衛特使，以及巡按監察御史等專人留駐礦區監督；地方則派有按察僉事、副使、布政使參議等巡視礦場官員；軍事層級上又派任都指揮僉事管理礦區治安，並在礦場附近留有衛所、民兵戍守。採礦所得誘惑甚高，礦冶業的蓬勃，多少也衝擊到地方社會的常態秩序。明代中期以後，原在浙江、福建交界等地活動的礦徒，逐漸轉往南直隸、浙江、江西交界等地發展；也有一些江西、福建等地的流民，因人口壓力下的生存競爭，陸續進入福建、江西、廣東交界，在粵東山區內進行季節性的採冶工作，形成獨特的地域社會。由於礦徒事件與倡亂區域明顯擴大，官方遂將地方礦政事權漸歸督撫來統籌管理，嚴格執行禁令，並且還特設總督處理浙直江西軍務事，以統攝三省礦防軍兵，清查轄區所有的礦場地點，以阻絕礦徒的活動。另一方面，礦防兵力主要是借重地方民兵，甚至還招撫礦徒入營效力，但這項招募礦兵、採行招撫的作法，也帶給地方社會負面的影響。在浙江義烏，地方十室九空，成為地方上的一大隱憂。在廣東惠州地區，招撫未能得宜，礦徒事件有增無減，顛覆日常的社會秩序，地方士民不滿官方政策，激發民間的地域認同，出現了類似《定氛外史》等關心地域的作品，進而強烈抵制官府地方行政區劃的變動。明代的礦徒問題，始終未能妥善解決，地方社會自然不願配合政府的開礦政策。明代官民在坑冶間相互競利，卻兩敗俱傷，沒有一方是嬴家。礦務執行的爭議、開礦引發的恐慌、礦徒倡亂事件的不絕，最終都讓明代礦政畫下了休止符。明朝礦業礦法礦課礦防南直隸浙江江西福建廣東惠州礦工 Ming Dynasty Mining industry Mining law Mining tax Mine-area guard Nanzhili Zhejiang Jiangxi Fujian Guangdong Huizhou Miner
92	Metodika vývoje a nasazování Business Intelligence v malých a středních podnicích / Methodology of development and deployment of Business Intelligence solutions in Small and Medium Sized Enterprises Rydzi, Daniel January 2005 (has links) Dissertation thesis deals with development and implementation of Business Intelligence (BI) solutions for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SME) in the Czech Republic. This thesis represents climax of author's up to now effort that has been put into completing a methodological model for development of this kind of applications for SMEs using self-owned skills and minimum of external resources and costs. This thesis can be divided into five major parts. First part that describes used technologies is divided into two chapters. First chapter describes contemporary state of Business Intelligence concept and it also contains original taxonomy of Business Intelligence solutions. Second chapter describes two Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) techniques that were used for building those BI solutions that are introduced in case studies. Second part describes the area of Czech SMEs, which is an environment where the thesis was written and which it is meant to contribute to. This environment is represented by one chapter that defines the differences of SMEs against large corporations. Furthermore, there are author's reasons why he is personally focusing on this area explained. Third major part introduces the results of survey that was conducted among Czech SMEs with support of Department of Information Technologies of Faculty of Informatics and Statistics of University of Economics in Prague. This survey had three objectives. First one was to map the readiness of Czech SMEs for BI solutions development and deployment. Second was to determine major problems and consequent decisions of Czech SMEs that could be supported by BI solutions and the third objective was to determine top factors preventing SMEs from developing and deploying BI solutions. Fourth part of the thesis is also the core one. In two chapters there is the original Methodology for development and deployment of BI solutions by SMEs described as well as other methodologies that were studied. Original methodology is partly based on famous CRISP-DM methodology. Finally, last part describes particular company that has become a testing ground for author's theories and that supports his research. In further chapters it introduces case-studies of development and deployment of those BI solutions in this company, that were build using contemporary BI and KDD techniques with respect to original methodology. In that sense, these case-studies verified theoretical methodology in real use.
93	Rozbor a návrh aplikace pro digitální měnu Bitcoin / Analysis and implementation of application for digital currency Bitcoin DRDÁK, František January 2015 (has links) The thesis is focused on the topic of virtual cryptocurrency Bitcoin. The theoretical part is divided into several chapters. First of all, there is a chapter containing basic information about the currency's history, its development to the present, as well as principles of operation of this currency. Because it is a currency based on cryptographic principles next chapter summarizing cryptographic techniques, which is necessary to know for subsequent analysis of this currency. In other parts is elaborated a detailed analysis of the principles of Bitcoin. The main point of this analysis is a system of transactions, decentralized history, then joining the transactions into blocks and in the end creating blockchain. It also explains the principle of P2P networks. The practical part of this work focuses on the analysis and design of payment applications for mobile devices. There used open-source libraries such BitcoinJ. The application is developed in Java programming language with plugin for portable devices, which work under the operating system Android. For the purposes of analysis and design of graphical user interface is used UML diagrams. The specification of the UML diagrams was utilized by freely available graphics software and the result is also included in this work.
94	Faces da assistência social do setor carbonífero catarinense: (Criciúma 1930-1960) Alves, Ismael Gonçalves 03 July 2009 (has links) Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:59:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ismael.pdf: 2238943 bytes, checksum: 320141c48f88391b9d6579b4d7cb8490 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / From the installation of the first coal mine companies at the town of Criciúma, a ample contingent populational, coming mostly from coastal regions migrating to the city and looking for jobs at the coal sector. Between the years 1930 and 1960, the extraction of coal reached a peak, creating a series of problems in the social field. In this same period, they anchor at the citty autarchies governmental, civil entities and religious associations, having as a goal implement with the miner population a series of public policies looking for social assistance. The villages of the coal mine complex it was the principal space of action of these institutions. The village of Próspera was the biggest and more populational village, beeing property of National steel metallurgy Company (Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional), became the principal place for inumerous assistance projects, having for objective disciplinary the workers inside and outside the factory. Manager by the coal mine companny and financial by SESI SC. Part of these workers were realized by the assembly from the Congregation of little sisters of divine providence, by series of popular courses,tryed to introduce between the miners families practices and values from bourgeoisie familiar norms / A partir da instalação das primeiras companhias mineradoras na cidade de Criciúma, um grande contingente populacional, oriundo principalmente das regiões litorâneas migrou para o município em busca de empregos no setor carbonífero. Entre os anos de 1930 e 1960, a extração do carvão mineral chegou a seu ápice, gerando uma série de problemas no campo social. Neste mesmo período, instalaram-se na cidade autarquias governamentais, entidades civis e congregações religiosas, com intuito de implementar junto às populações mineiras uma série de políticas públicas voltadas à assistência social. As vilas operárias do complexo carbonífero criciumense foram o principal espaço de atuação destas instituições. Dentre estas, a vila operária Próspera, a maior e mais densamente povoada e de propriedade da Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional, tornou-se alvo de inúmeros projetos assistenciais tinham por objetivo disciplinar o operariado dentro e fora da fábrica. Gerenciados pela própria empresa mineradora e financiados pelo SESI-SC parte destes trabalhos foi realizado pela congregação das Pequenas Irmãs da Divina Providência, que através de uma série de cursos populares, tentaram introduzir entre as famílias de mineiros práticas e valores da norma familiar burguesa Políticas públicas Pequenas Irmãs da Divina Providência Norma familiar burguesa Vila operária Próspera População mineira Assistência social Santa Catarina Criciúma (SC) História Carvão minas e mineração Mineiros de carvão Public policies Norms Village worker Próspera Miner population CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::HISTORIA
95	A Study in Industrial Health: Coal Miners in Eastern India, 1890s-1952 Chatterjee, Sandip 12 June 2017 (has links) No description available. 100 Indian Mines Act Industrial health Child miners colonial childhood Indian Mines maternity benefits act Source of disease and miners' huts Philosophie (PPN619942320)
96	Porovnání přístupů ke generování umělých dat / Comparison of Approaches to Synthetic Data Generation Šejvlová, Ludmila January 2017 (has links) The diploma thesis deals with synthetic data, selected approaches to their generation together with a practical task of data generation. The goal of the thesis is to describe the selected approaches to data generation, capture their key advantages and disadvantages and compare the individual approaches to each other. The practical part of the thesis describes generation of synthetic data for teaching knowledge discovery using databases. The thesis includes a basic description of synthetic data and thoroughly explains the process of their generation. The approaches selected for further examination are random data generation, the statistical approach, data generation languages and the ReverseMiner tool. The thesis also describes the practical usage of synthetic data and the suitability of each approach for certain purposes. Within this thesis, educational data Hotel SD were created using the ReverseMiner tool. The data contain relations discoverable with SD (set-difference) GUHA-procedures.
97	Manipulations des végétaux par les organismes endophytes : mécanismes physiologiques, signalisation et conséquences nutritionnelles chez un insecte mineur de feuilles / Plant manipulation by endophagous organisms : physiological mechanisms, signaling, and nutritional consequences in a leaf-miner insect Body, Mélanie 11 December 2013 (has links) Les insectes endophytophages, tels que les insectes foreurs de tiges, les galligènes et les mineurs de feuilles, vivent et se nourrissent à l’intérieur des végétaux. L'hypothèse de l'alimentation sélective stipule que ces organismes endophytes possèdent un avantage adaptatif par rapport aux ectophages en accédant aux tissus les plus nutritifs tout en évitant les principaux composés défensifs de la plante. Ce comportement d’alimentation sélective peut être également renforcé par une manipulation de la physiologie de la plante comme cela a été démontré chez les insectes galligènes mais également suggéré chez certains insectes mineurs. Ces derniers sont en effet capables d’induire un phénotype « îles vertes » qui se manifestent par la persistance de la photosynthèse au niveau de la zone minée à l'automne alors que le reste de la feuille entre en sénescence et jaunit. L’objectif de notre étude a été d’étudier, en conditions de terrain, les capacités de manipulation du végétal dans le système Malus domestica / Phyllonorycter blancardella. Cet insecte hautement spécialisé complète l’ensemble de son développement dans une zone restreinte d’une seule feuille. / Endophytophagous insects, such as stem-boring, gall-forming and leaf-mining insects, live within plant tissues and feed internally. The selective feeding hypothesis states that this life-style presumably provides adaptive advantages for the insect over other external-feeding modes by allowing access to most nutritional tissues while avoiding main plant defensive compounds. This selective feeding behavior can be reinforced by manipulating the plant physiology which has been clearly demonstrated in gallers but also suggested in leaf-miner insects due to the autumnal formation of “green islands” around mining caterpillars in yellow leaves. This study aimed to investigate, under field conditions, the ability of insects to manipulate their host-plant in the Malus domestica / Phyllonorycter blancardella biological system. This insect is highly specialized and entirely develops within a restricted area of a single leaf. We first characterized the plant-insect interface by describing larval mouthparts and leaf anatomy alterations resulting from the insect feeding activity. Interactions plantes-insectes Écologie nutritionnelle des insectes Homéostasie nutritionnelle Manipulation de la plante-hôte Métabolisme primaire des plantes Phénotype étendu Îles vertes Symbiose nutritionnelle Insectes endophytophages Mineuses de feuilles Phyllonorycter blancardella Malus domestica Wolbachia Cytokinines Sucres Acides aminés Plant-insect interactions Insect nutritional ecology Nutritional homeostasis Host-plant manipulation Plant primary metabolism Extended phenotype Green-islands Nutritional symbiosis Endophytophagous insects Leaf-miner Phyllonorycter blancardella Malus domestica Wolbachia Cytokinins Sugars Amino acids
98	Prognose und bergschadenkundliche Analyse dynamischer Bodenbewegungen durch oberflächennahen Steinkohlenbergbau in den USA Zimmermann, Karsten 28 March 2011 (has links) (PDF) Der untertägige Abbau von Steinkohle führt zu Bewegungen des überlagernden Gebirges und der Tagesoberfläche. Eine Bewegungsprognose ist im Hinblick auf entstehende Bergschäden weltweit von großer Bedeutung. In dieser Arbeit wird untersucht, ob eine Prognose von Bodenbewegungen im amerikanischen Steinkohlenbergbau mit einem in Europa bewährten Verfahren, einem dynamischen stochastischen Senkungsmodell, möglich ist. Dazu wurde eine Literaturstudie über den bisherigen Kenntnisstand in den USA durchgeführt, abbaubegleitende Bodenbewegungsmessungen aus dem Steinkohlengebiet der Appalachen ausgewertet und durch Modellrechnungen nachgebildet. Es wurde darüber hinaus untersucht, welchen Einfluss die spezifischen Abbaubedingungen und die räumliche und zeitliche Abbauführung auf die Größe und Dynamik von Bodenbewegungen haben. Die theoretischen und praktischen Untersuchungen zeigen einen deutlichen Know-how Vorsprung des europäischen Bergbaus in den Bereichen der Senkungsmodellierung und Bewertung abbauinduzierter Bodenbewegungen und belegen die Anwendbarkeit des Senkungsmodells. Es wurden wichtige Erkenntnisse gewonnen, die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen einer Optimierung des Abbauzuschnitts und der zeitlichen Abbauführung im Sinne einer bergschadensmindernden Abbauplanung aufzeigen. Die Arbeit trägt zur Verbesserung der bergmännischen und markscheiderischen Abbauplanung im Steinkohlenbergbau bei. Bergbau Bergwerk Steinkohlenbergbau Steinkohlenabbau Steinkohlenbergwerk Steinkohle Abbau Streb Strebabbau Bodenbewegung Gebirgsbewegung Deformation Senkung Schieflage Zerrung Pressung Krümmung Bergsenkung Senkungsmodell Senkungsmodellierung Prognose Modellierung Abbauplanung Planung Abbaugeschwindigkeit Bewegungsdynamik Abbaustopp Dynamik Bergschaden Bergschadenkunde Bergschadensminderung Bergschadensmindernde Appalachen USA Pennsylvania Pittsburgh Morgantown Knothe Markscheider Markscheidewesen mining mine coal hard anthracite stone longwall face surface ground movement seam deformation subsidence strata overburden rock mass subsidence slope tilt model modeling prediction planning retreat winning rate speed stop break dynamics impact damage mitigation assessment protection control engineering Appalachia Appalachian basin USA Pennsylvania Pittsburgh Morgantown Knothe Knothe’s method surveyor miner surveying ddc:620 Appalachen USA / Nordoststaaten Steinkohlenbergwerk Steinkohlenbergbau Bergschaden Bergsenkung
99	Prognose und bergschadenkundliche Analyse dynamischer Bodenbewegungen durch oberflächennahen Steinkohlenbergbau in den USA Zimmermann, Karsten 28 March 2011 (has links) Der untertägige Abbau von Steinkohle führt zu Bewegungen des überlagernden Gebirges und der Tagesoberfläche. Eine Bewegungsprognose ist im Hinblick auf entstehende Bergschäden weltweit von großer Bedeutung. In dieser Arbeit wird untersucht, ob eine Prognose von Bodenbewegungen im amerikanischen Steinkohlenbergbau mit einem in Europa bewährten Verfahren, einem dynamischen stochastischen Senkungsmodell, möglich ist. Dazu wurde eine Literaturstudie über den bisherigen Kenntnisstand in den USA durchgeführt, abbaubegleitende Bodenbewegungsmessungen aus dem Steinkohlengebiet der Appalachen ausgewertet und durch Modellrechnungen nachgebildet. Es wurde darüber hinaus untersucht, welchen Einfluss die spezifischen Abbaubedingungen und die räumliche und zeitliche Abbauführung auf die Größe und Dynamik von Bodenbewegungen haben. Die theoretischen und praktischen Untersuchungen zeigen einen deutlichen Know-how Vorsprung des europäischen Bergbaus in den Bereichen der Senkungsmodellierung und Bewertung abbauinduzierter Bodenbewegungen und belegen die Anwendbarkeit des Senkungsmodells. Es wurden wichtige Erkenntnisse gewonnen, die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen einer Optimierung des Abbauzuschnitts und der zeitlichen Abbauführung im Sinne einer bergschadensmindernden Abbauplanung aufzeigen. Die Arbeit trägt zur Verbesserung der bergmännischen und markscheiderischen Abbauplanung im Steinkohlenbergbau bei. info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/620 ddc:620 Appalachen USA / Nordoststaaten Steinkohlenbergwerk Steinkohlenbergbau Bergschaden Bergsenkung
100	Agent pro kurzové sázení / The Betting Agent Bělohlávek, Jiří January 2008 (has links) This master thesis deals with design and implementation of betting agent. It covers issues such as theoretical background of an online betting, probability and statistics. In its first part it is focused on data mining and explains the principle of knowledge mining form data warehouses and certain methods suitable for different types of tasks. Second, it is concerned with neural networks and algorithm of back-propagation. All the findings are demonstrated on and supported by graphs and histograms of data analysis, made via SAS Enterprise Miner program. In conclusion, the thesis summarizes all the results and offers specific methods of extension of the agent.

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