This is a qualitative research of exploratory nature, characterized as a case study (YIN, 2010), having as context of interest the study of the pedagogical practices of an English-language teacher who uses digital mobile devices and produces assemblages (DELEUZE, 1996). It has as general objective to understand what characteristics of a Minor Education (GALLO, 2016) are present in the pedagogical practices of this teacher when using mobile devices to teach the English language. The specific objectives are: to identify how this teacher has used the mobile devices in her pedagogical practices; analyze which factors determined the integration of digital mobile devices; to understand if there are and what processes of deterritorialization, political ramification and collective value are present in the pedagogical work of the teacher participating in the research. In a critical-use perspective of technologies (BUZATO, 2006; GASPAR da SILVA & MENDES, 2015), the study is based on the field of Digital Cultures (LEVY, 1999; SANTAELLA, 2007), of Mobile Assisted Language Learning (STOCKWELL & HUBBARD, 2013; KUKULSKA-HULME, 2013), of Autonomy in Language Learning (FREIRE, 1996, MICCOLI, 2005, PAIVA, 2009, 2012, 2015), and Minor Education (GALLO, 2016). As research results, we understand that the participating teacher, using digital technologies or not, from within a Major Education, develops a Minor Education that occurs through the main device that she uses: assemblages. In this way, the smartphone, despite being one of the most used resources in her unique pedagogical practices, is not solely responsible for the production of a Minor Education. It is so because the participating teacher’s work does not revolve around the benefits of that device, nor does it depend on them. / Esta é uma pesquisa qualitativa de natureza exploratória, caracterizada como estudo de caso (YIN, 2010), tendo como contexto de interesse o estudo das práticas pedagógicas de uma professora de língua inglesa que utiliza dispositivos móveis e produz agenciamentos (DELEUZE, 1996). Tem como objetivo geral compreender quais características de uma Educação Menor (GALLO, 2016) estão presentes nas práticas pedagógicas da professora ao utilizar dispositivos móveis para ensinar a língua inglesa. Já os objetivos específicos são: identificar de que maneira a professora tem utilizado os dispositivos móveis em suas práticas pedagógicas; analisar quais fatores determinaram a integração dos dispositivos móveis; compreender se há e quais processos de desterritorialização, ramificação política e valor coletivo estão presentes no trabalho pedagógico da professora participante da pesquisa. Numa perspectiva de uso crítico de tecnologias (BUZATO, 2006; GASPAR da SILVA e MENDES, 2015), o estudo está fundamentado no campo das Culturas Digitais (LEVY, 1999; SANTAELLA, 2007), da Aprendizagem de Línguas Assistida por Dispositivos móveis (STOCKWELL e HUBBARD, 2013; KUKULSKA-HULME, 2013), da Autonomia na Aprendizagem de Línguas (FREIRE, 1996; MICCOLI, 2005; PAIVA, 2009; 2012 ; 2015), e da Educação Menor (GALLO, 2016). Como resultados de pesquisa, compreendemos que a professora participante, utilizando-se de tecnologias digitais ou não, de dentro de uma Educação Maior, desenvolve uma Educação Menor que ocorre por intermédio do principal dispositivo de que ela lança mão: o agenciamento. Desta maneira, o smartphone, apesar de ser um dos recursos mais utilizados em suas práticas pedagógicas diferenciadas, não é o único responsável pela produção de uma Educação Menor. Isso porque seu trabalho não gira em torno das benesses desse dispositivo, tampouco depende dele. / São Cristóvão, SE

A criança autora de ato infracional - as medidas de proteção e o Conselho Tutelar - um debate para o campo psicanalítico. Dissertação de Mestrado, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo. Este trabalho tem como objetivo abordar a temática da criança autora de ato infracional e a aplicação das medidas de proteção pelos Conselhos Tutelares de São Paulo-SP e, com isso, trazer contribuições para a aplicação destas medidas. Para que se possa apreender o contexto atual de sua aplicação, do surgimento dos Conselhos Tutelares e da situação da criança autora de ato infracional, faz-se um levantamento histórico sobre o assunto. Em seguida, apresenta um levantamento teórico, dentro do panorama jurídico, sobre os conceitos de ato infracional e as medidas socioeducativas e de proteção aplicadas pela justiça e pelo Conselho Tutelar, respectivamente, nestes casos. A pesquisa qualitativa de campo é o cerne deste trabalho. A escuta dos conselheiros tutelares, tendo como objetivo conhecer suas experiências no atendimento e encaminhamento destes casos, articula-se a uma série de problemáticas como a atribuição ou não de ato infracional praticado por criança, o entendimento das medidas de proteção como garantistas ou restritivas de direitos e a questão da competência nestas situações. Para concluir a primeira parte do trabalho, estas questões são desenvolvidas, onde se extrai a hipótese da pesquisa: qual o lugar da criança autora de ato infracional sob medidas de proteção?. Por meio deste questionamento, conjectura tratar-se da criança que está entre a garantia e a restrição de direitos, em que se forja a noção do fora-do-lugar. Encaminha-se uma articulação conceitual acerca dos lugares de discurso em psicanálise, elucida os lugares da criança enquanto sujeito nos quatro discursos propostos por Jacques Lacan e a concepção de infantil. Por fim, aborda a criança autora de ato infracional sob medidas de proteção por meio dos argumentos teóricos do discurso do capitalista e da noção de lei simbólica em psicanálise / This paper aims at discussing the matter of child offender and the application of protective measures by child protection authorities in São Paulo-SP and, with that, aims to bring contributions for the implementation of these measures. To apprehend the current context of these measures, the emergence of child protection authorities and child offenders situation, makes a historical survey on the subject. Further, it presents a theoretical research within legal landscape on the concepts of act of infraction, socioeducational measures and protection applied by justice and child protection authorities, respectively, in these cases. Qualitative research field is the core of this work. Listening child protective authorities, aiming to understand their experiences in care and management on these cases, articulates a number of questions such as attribution or not of act of infraction committed by children, the understanding of protection measures as guarantees or restriction of the rights and the matter of competence in these situations. To conclude the first part of the work, these questions are developed, in which it extracts the research hypothesis: what is the place of child offender under protective measures?. Through this questioning, conjecture that it is the child who is between the guarantee and the restriction of rights, which forges the notion of \"out-of-place\". Forward to a conceptual articulation about places of discourse in psychoanalysis, clarifies childs places as a subject in the four discourses proposed by Jacques Lacan and the child conception. Finally, discusses child offender under protective measures through the theoretical arguments of the capitalist discourse and the notion of symbolic law in psychoanalysis

Pretende-se contribuir à análise do conceito de narcisismo no pensamento freudiano a partir de três estudos: (1) Um exame das primeiras elaborações sobre o narcisismo, dividido em dois tempos: (i) a origem do termo junto às primeiras descrições e teorias sobre o narcisismo, (ii) sua entrada na teoria freudiana. A ideia central é, por meio de uma visão diacrônica, acompanhar a apropriação e evidenciar as modificações que Freud incide nesse conceito ao adotá-lo em sua metapsicologia. Para isso, então, iremos em um primeiro momento estudar como os primeiros teóricos do narcisismo Alfred Binet, Havelock Ellis, Paul Näcke e Richard von Krafft-Ebing concebiam e conceberam essa noção; para depois pensar a apropriação freudiana em três fontes: na correspondência trocada com Jung, no registro das Atas da Sociedade Psicanalítica de Viena e nos textos freudianos de 1910 a 1913. (2) Um estudo do texto de Freud Introdução ao narcisismo de 1914 texto central para o narcisismo , levando em consideração três aspectos: (i) a lógica interna do texto, (ii) as modificações que a introdução do narcisismo traz à teoria freudiana e (iii) alguns desdobramentos desse conceito no interior do pensamento freudiano. (3) Uma análise da noção de narcisismo das pequenas diferenças desenvolvendo um dos vários desdobramentos que o conceito de narcisismo tem a partir de 1914; trata-se de uma análise sincrônica que visa cotejar e relacionar três momentos dessa noção: tal como ela surge pela primeira vez em O tabu da virgindade de 1918, como ela é retomada em Psicologia das massas e análise do Eu de 1921 e sua versão final em O mal-estar na cultura de 1930. Em suma, o primeiro estudo visa pensar a origem e a entrada do narcisismo no pensamento freudiano; o segundo, o narcisismo na metapsicologia; e o terceiro, o narcisismo enquanto fenômeno social / We aim to contribute to the analysis of the concept of narcissism in the Freudian thought from three studies: (1) An examination of the first elaborations on narcissism, divided into two stages: (i) the origin of the term within the first descriptions and theories of narcissism, (ii) its entry into the Freudian theory. The central idea is, through a diachronic view, to track the appropriation and highlight the changes that Freud makes into this concept to adopt it in his metapsychology. For this, we will at first study how the first theorists of narcissism - Alfred Binet, Havelock Ellis, Paul Näcke and Richard von Krafft-Ebing - conceived this notion, and then think about the Freudian appropriation on three sources: in the correspondence with Jung, in the record of the Minutes of the Psychoanalytic Society of Vienna and in the Freudian texts from 1910 to 1913. (2) A study of the Freudian text On Narcissism: an introduction of 1914 - the central text for narcissism - taking into account three aspects: (i) the internal logic of the text, (ii) the changes that the introduction of narcissism brings to the Freudian theory, (iii) some consequences of this concept inside the Freudian thought. (3) An analysis of the concept of narcissism of minor differences - unfolding one of the several developments that the narcissism concept has had since 1914; it is a synchronic analysis that aims to collate and relate three moments of this notion: such as it first appears in The Taboo of Virginity of 1918, the way it is retaken in Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego of 1921, and its final version in Civilization and Its Discontents of 1930. In short, the first study aims to consider the origin and the entry of narcissism in the Freudian thought; the second is related to the narcissism in metapsychology; and the third, narcissism as a social phenomenon

Orientador: Ming Chih Chiu / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T15:57:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sehn_GeorgiaAneRaquel_M.pdf: 2236870 bytes, checksum: 99206af2cdbd6bef903b1752c992b66e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O óleo de farelo de arroz, além de ser utilizado como alimento, é conhecido pelo seu atributo nutricional, devido a sua fração insaponificável rica em antioxidantes como os tocoferóis, tocotrienóis e em especial o ?-orizanol, que dão ao óleo uma maior resistência à oxidação e à deterioração. Além disso, diversos estudos mostram a habilidade destes compostos em reduzir os níveis de colesterol no plasma sanguíneo e em suprimir o crescimento de células cancerígenas. O refino dos óleos tem como finalidade a remoção de compostos, como ácidos graxos livres, gliceróis parciais (mono e diacilgliceróis), fosfolipídios não hidratávies, pigmentos, produtos de oxidação, metais, resíduos de proteínas, ceras, hidrocarbonetos, partículas e contaminantes químicos, porém este refino apresenta diversos inconvenientes, como a perda de nutrientes e antioxidantes naturais pelas altas temperaturas e longa duração das etapas do processo. A tecnologia de membranas vem ganhando destaque nos processos industriais, principalmente na tecnologia de alimentos, simplificando-os, reduzindo o consumo de energia e poluentes, devido à possibilidade de não adição de agentes químicos utilizados pelos processos tradicionais. O objetivo da primeira etapa do trabalho foi o estudo do desempenho de membranas poliméricas compostas por polifluoreto de vinilideno (PVDF) e poliestersulfona (PES) na aplicação da degomagem em miscela do óleo bruto de farelo de arroz utilizando um módulo de filtração tangencial de bancada, além de uma análise comparativa das técnicas de filtração de óleo em miscela com hexano e álcool etílico em condições de temperatura, velocidade tangencial e pressão constantes. A membrana PVDF com massa molar de corte (MMC) de 50 KDa em miscela com hexano (30/70 m/m) demonstrou maior retenção de fosfolipídios (95,5%) associada a um fluxo elevado de permeado (48,1 L/m2.h), para um fator de concentração de 1,40. O objetivo da segunda parte do trabalho foi o estudo da retenção dos ácidos graxos livres e compostos minoritários frente à nanofiltração em membranas de PES com MMC de 200 e 400 Daltons e em relação ao solvente álcool etílico absoluto e álcool etílico 95%. Observou-se que a presença de impurezas, como a cera, reduziu a eficiência da interação solvente/soluto no processo de desacidificação, havendo necessidade de uma etapa de deceragem do óleo. Comprovou-se que a adição de água no álcool etílico reduziu a perda de óleo no permeado, e preservou compostos nutracêuticos devido o aumento da interação solvente/soluto na desacidificação. Em relação a compostos de cor, clorofila e carotenóides observou-se baixa retenção, ainda menor no teor de clorofila devido a baixa interação destes compostos com o solvente e tamanho de poros utilizados / Abstract: Rice bran oil, besides being used as food, is known for its nutritional attributes, owing to their unsaponifiable matter, rich in antioxidants tocopherols, tocotrienols and particularly ?-oryzanol. This especial composition provides the oil greater resistance to oxidation and deterioration. Additionally, several studies demonstrate the importance of these compounds in reducing cholesterol levels in blood plasma and suppressing growth of cancer cells. The refining of oils aims at removing compounds such as free fatty acids, partial glycerides (mono and diglycerides), phospholipids, pigments, oxidation products, metals, proteins, waxes, hydrocarbons, water, particulates and chemical contaminants. However, this refining has several disadvantages such as loss of nutrients and natural antioxidants due to exposure to high temperatures and long process steps. The membrane technology has been emphasizing in industrial processes, especially in food technology, simplifying processes, reducing energy consumption and pollutants, due to non-use of chemical agents. This work focused firstly, the study of the efficiency of the polymeric membranes composed of PVDF and PES on crude rice bran oil degumming, using in a tangential filtration. There were compared two oil micelle system, rice bran oil micelle with hexane and rice bran oil miscella with ethyl alcohol at constant conditions of temperature, tangential velocity and pressure. The PVDF membrane with 50 kDa in hexane miscella (30/70 w/w) showed greater retention of phospholipids (95.5%) associated with a high flow rate (48.1 L/h.m2) for a concentration factor of 1.40. The purpose of the second part of this work was to study the behavior of free fatty acids and minor compounds against nanofiltration process, using PES membranes with molar weight cut-off (MWCO) 200 and 400 Daltons and two micelle phases, with absolute ethyl alcohol and with ethyl alcohol 95%. It was observed that the presence of impurities, such as wax, reduced the efficiency of the solvent / solute interaction in the deacidification process, requiring a dewaxing step. It was shown that the addition of water in ethyl alcohol reduced the loss of oil in the permeate fraction and the nutraceutical compounds were preserved due to increased solvent / solute interaction in deacidification. In relation to color compounds, the membrane separation technology did not show reduction in chlorophyll content in retentate fraction, possibly due to no interaction of the solvent / solute. For carotenoids, it was observed a small reduction in the content of these compounds in the retentate fraction, which probably occurred due to the interaction of these compounds with the solvents used / Mestrado / Tecnologia de Alimentos / Mestre em Tecnologia de Alimentos

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:49:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_LENICE.pdf: 600422 bytes, checksum: f234dc900847523fdd9aca8f1f62990a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-09 / The current Mental Health Policy in Brazil is based on the Law 10.216/02 and seeks the consolidation of a model of an open mental health care, community-based. By encouraging the creation of alternative services to asylum model, it is clear the inclusion of the user's mental health services family in the treatment, to provide user support and to receive specific care. It is worth noting that care for patients with mental disorder can lead to family burden which can lead to greater frequency of problems related to mental health. It is estimated that disorders related to mental health represent 12% of the global burden of disease (WHO, 2001). This study is a substudy of the CAPSUL project . Data collection osf the quantitative subproject was performed in 30 municipalities in the southern region (Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Parana) for 14 pairs of interviewers, in the period from May to June 2006. This is a transversal design study aiming to determine the overall prevalence of minor psychiatric disorders and its association with sociodemographic variables and burden in family caregivers of CAPS users in southern Brazil. The outcome is the minor psychiatric disorders, assessed by the Brazilian version of the Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20) and the independent variables included sociodemographic characteristics, stressors and self-reported burden. We interviewed 936 caregivers. The prevalence of minor psychiatric disorders was associated with low education, having some health problems, presence of stressful events, being the sole caregiver and self-reported burden. The study helps to assess the mental health of caregivers for CAPS users, identifying patterns of occurrence, associated factors and vulnerable groups. It is also useful in designing policies aimed at carers of users of health services who have chronic diseases, including interventions for mental health promotion, risk prevention and control of diseases. Finally there is the potential for comprehensive epidemiological studies in assessing the health of family caregivers of patients with some pathology and also users of the Unified Health System. / A atual Política de Saúde Mental no Brasil apóia-se na lei 10.216/02 e busca a consolidação de um modelo de atenção à saúde mental aberto, de base comunitária. Ao incentivar a criação de serviços alternativos ao modelo asilar, torna-se evidente a inclusão da família do usuário dos serviços de saúde mental no tratamento, para proporcionar suporte ao usuário bem como para receber cuidados específicos. Cabe destacar que o cuidado ao portador de transtorno mental pode gerar sobrecarga ao familiar o que pode levar a maior freqüência de problemas relacionados à saúde mental. Estima-se que transtornos relacionados à saúde mental representem 12% da carga global de doenças (OMS, 2001). Este estudo é um subestudo do Projeto CAPSUL. A coleta de dados do subprojeto quantitativo foi realizada em 30 municípios da região sul (Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina e Parana) por 14 duplas de entrevistadores, no período de maio e junho de 2006. Trata-se de um estudo com delineamento transversal com objetivo geral de determinar a prevalência de transtornos psiquiátricos menores e sua associação com variáveis sociodemográficas e sobrecarga em familiares cuidadores de usuários de CAPS no sul do Brasil. O desfecho em estudo são os Transtornos Psiquiátricos Menores, aferidos através da versão brasileira do Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20) e as variáveis independentes incluíram características sóciodemográficas, eventos estressores e sobrecarga auto-referida. Entrevistou-se 936 cuidadores. A prevalência de Transtornos Psiquiátricos Menores associou-se com baixa escolaridade, possuir algum problema de saúde, presença de eventos estressores, ser o único cuidador e sobrecarga auto-referida. O estudo contribui para a avaliação da saúde mental dos cuidadores de usuários de CAPS, identificando padrões de ocorrência, fatores associados e grupos mais vulneráveis. Também é útil no delineamento de políticas voltadas aos cuidadores de usuários dos serviços de saúde que apresentam doenças crônicas, incluindo intervenções para promoção da saúde mental, prevenção de riscos e controle dos agravos. Finalmente destaca-se a potencialidade de estudos epidemiológicos abrangentes na avaliação das condições de saúde dos cuidadores familiares de portadores de alguma patologia e também usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde.

M.A. (Latin) / This study is focused on the different ways the character of the Emperor Nero is depicted by the biographer Suetonlus and the historiographer Tacitus. The study is Introduced with an historical survey of the life of Nero. Thereupon a discussion follows on the life experiences of the authors, Suetonius and Tacitus, as well as the different style and genre used by each, and suggestions on how their writings could have been influenced by these factors. Two aspects of Nero's life are discussed at length, namely his relationship with his mother (and issues relating to that). as well as his interest in and practising of the arts (focusing on Nero as a poet, singer and charioteer). The discussion of these topics is done in the following manner: firstiy Suetonius' account of the events are given, followed by the account by Tacitus. These versions are then compared and where different, the candidate suggests possible reasons for the difference of opinion or presentation between the authors. Various characteristics of the Emperor Nero are referred to. The main conclusions can be categorised into three sections: - First and foremost the authors had different life experiences. Suetonius held various secretarial positions at the court of Caesar Hadrian which SUbsequently influenced his writings. He Was not however a senator or interested In politics and military affairs, which explains the fact that he does not write about political upheavals and does not contribute political motivations for certain actions of characters under discussion. Tacitus on the contrary, was a senator during the reign of Domitian. The atrocities committed by the Emperor and the slowly diminishing power of the Senate influenced the mind and writings of Tacitus to a great extent.

Les muscles infraépineux et petit rond sont cruciaux sur le plan fonctionnel et sont altérés dans le cadre des pathologies de la coiffe des rotateurs. La proportion de tissu graisseux dans l’infraépineux est actuellement un critère pronostic du résultat fonctionnel des réparations des lésions tendineuses de la coiffe des rotateurs. Les buts de ce travail sont de caractériser ces muscles sur le plan anatomique, de proposer une meilleure exploration de leur morphologie par IRM, d’utiliser l’analyse de texture informatique pour objectiver leur composition et enfin, d’utiliser l’élastographie ultrasonore pour analyser leur comportement viscoélastique en contrainte. L’infraépineux et le petit rond sont respectivement de conformation tripennée et parallèle. Les critères d’acquisition IRM de routine peuvent être aisément optimisés pour analyser plus précisément les muscles rotateurs externes. L’analyse de texture semble prometteuse pour évaluer la proportion de tissu graisseux dans le muscle squelettique. L’élastographie ultrasonore permet d’appréhender le degré d’anisotropie musculaire, et donc l’état d’organisation du muscle infraépineux. / Infraspinatus and teres minor muscles are crucial functionally and are regularly impaired in the context of of the rotator cuff pathology. The proportion of fatty tissue in the infraspinatus is currently a strong prognosis criterion of functional outcomes of rotator cuff tendon repair. The goals of this work are to characterize these muscles anatomically, to provide a better exploration of their morphology by MRI, to use computer texture analysis to objectify their composition and finally to use the ultrasound elastography for analysing their viscoelastic behaviour under stress. Infraspinatus and teres minor muscles have a tripennate and parallel organization, respectively. Routine MRI acquisition criteria can be easily optimized to analyse more precisely the external rotator muscles. Texture analysis seems promising to assess the proportion of fatty tissue in the skeletal muscle. The ultrasound elastography allows us to estimate the degree of muscle anisotropy, and therefore the state of organization of the infraspinatus muscle.

No description available.

Cette thèse porte sur le chant des femmes de la minorité musulmane pomak de Grèce, dans le cadre du rituel privé de mevlud. Lié à la naissance du Prophète, le rituel est organisé autour du poème de Süleyman Çelebi écrit en XVe siècle. Traversé par une série d'oppositions au cœur desquelles trône la question éternelle des limites entre le monde profane et sacré, le poème de Süleyman Çelebi est constamment renvoyé à la périphérie du religieux. L'analyse montre que les femmes pomaks investissent cet espace para-liturgique en adaptant le rituel du mevlud à leur image. L'espace rituel devient l'avant-scène d'une conciliation, conjuguée par des valeurs, entre les modes de penser, d'être et de faire qui inscrivent le mevlud dans l'ordre du féminin, de l'éducation du vivre-ensemble, de la mémoire, de l'émotion, du partage et de la transmission. L'ensemble de ces agencements s’établit par la voix mise en musique qui fait exploser la question du sens, du texte et de la langue faisant du poème non pas une récitation, mais un chant. Cette flexibilité apportée par les femmes pomaks inscrit le mevlud dans un contexte para-liturgique et souterrain où les limites entre sacré, profane, tradition et innovation, savoir et ignorance, parlé et chanté, semblent perpétuellement négociées. / This dissertation studies the singing of women among the Pomak Muslim minority of Greece during the private ritual of mevlud. Linked to the birth of the Prophet, this ritual is based on the 15h c. poem of Süleyman Çelebi. Characterised by series of oppositions - chief among them being the everlasting question of the boundaries between profane and sacred world –, the poem is constantly brought to the edge of religiosity. The analysis reveals that Pomak women engage with this para-liturgical space through the adaptation of the ritual of mevlud to their own image. Hence, the ritual space becomes a front stage for conciliating values between ways of thinking, being and doing. It thus associates the mevlud with issues of feminity, learning collective action, memory, emotion, sharing, and transmission. All these ties are established through the musicalized voice, which goes beyond the question of meaning, text and language, by transforming the recitation of the poem into singing. This flexibility brought by Pomak women inscribes the melvud in a para-liturgical context where boundaries between sacred and profane, tradition and innovation, knowledge and ignorance, speaking and singing, appear constantly negotiated.

Cette thèse a pour objet l'architecture de passage qui ponctuait le parcours d'un visiteur ou d'un citoyen au sein du paysage urbain micrasiatique : propylées, portes urbaines et arcs sur rue. Notre travail portait sur les cités d'Asie Mineure, sans cadre géographique restrictif, afin d'obtenir une vision globale du phénomène étudié. L'étude a été partagée en deux grands ensembles : les propylées d'un côté et les portes urbaines et arcs sur rue d'un autre. Les propylées constituaient les entrées monumentales de sanctuaires, agoras, gymnases et bouleutérions. Notre étude comprend les propylées depuis l'époque classique jusqu'à l'époque romaine. Les propylées classiques constituaient essentiellement les entrées monumentales des grands sanctuaires-terrasses hécatomnides de Carie. A l'époque hellénistique, les propylées se sont multipliés et se trouvaient désormais en contextes cultuels et profanes. Les propylées romains représentaient pour la plupart des entrées monumentales rajoutées à des complexes préexistants, peu appartenaient à un nouveau complexe. Nous trouvons des propylées qui reprenaient des formules de l'époque hellénistique, des propylées à façade monumentale édiculée, des propylées qui adoptaient la forme de l'arc romain et enfin des propylées qui reprenaient la forme des salles impériales. Les portes urbaines totalement dépourvues de tout caractère défensif se sont développées grâce au climat de sécurité de la Pax Romana. Elles marquaient la séparation entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur de la ville, constituaient un véritable repère topographique et, comme la première image que le visiteur avait de la ville, elles annonçaient la splendeur de la ville et projetaient la valeur de l'urbanistas. Ces portes urbaines étaient soit de nouvelles portes insérées dans les anciens remparts, soit libres de tout rempart, soit un réaménagement des anciennes portes. Les arcs sur rue étaient construits sur une rue à colonnades ou à un carrefour pour des raisons urbanistiques et organiques et esthétiques. Tout en embellissant un parcours, ils ponctuaient et articulaient celui-ci et servaient aussi de points de repère. Leurs façades, richement décorées, participaient à l'embellissement et à l'animation des paysages urbains. Ces arcs apparaissaient comme une composante d'un programme urbanistique. Certains arcs étaient honorifiques ou commémoratifs. A l'époque romaine, l'architecture de passage reflétait les changements de la vie politique et de la structure sociale. L'autoreprésentation, la propagande impériale et la vive concurrence entre les cités vont jouer un rôle important dans la conception de ces monuments. Leur richesse et leur magnificence devaient impressionner les visiteurs et donc augmenter l'image reflétée par la cité de sa puissance et de sa gloire.Ils participaient donc à l'ornementation de la cité. / This thesis deals with the architecture of passage that punctuate the course of a visitor or a citizen in the urban landscape of Asia Minor : propylaea, city-gates and arches on street. Our work focused on the cities of Asia Minor with no geographical limits in order to provide an overall view of the phenomenon. This study was divided into two major groups : the propylaea on the one hand and city-gates and arches on street on the other hand. The propylaea were the monumental entrances to shrines, agorai, gymnasiums and bouleuteria. Our study includes the propylaea from the classical period to the Roman era. Classical propylaea were mainly the monumental entrances to the major hecatomnid's shrines-terraces of Caria. In the Hellenistic period, the propylaea multiplied and tuned into religious and secular backgrounds. Most Roman propylaea made up monumental entrances added to existing complexes, few being part of a new one. We find some propylaea that went back over formulas of the Hellenistic period, others with monumental edicular façade, those in the form of the a Roman arch and finally the propylaea reproducing the form of "Marmorsaal". City-gates, that were completely devoid of any defensive features, developed in the peaceful period of the Pax Romana. They marked the boundary between the inside and the outside of the city, were a real topographical landmark and, as the first glimpse of the city for the visitors, heralded its splendor and highlighted the value of the urbanitas. These city-gates were either new city-gates inserted into the ancient city-walls, free of any city-walls, or old city-gates rearranged. The street arches were built on a colonnaded street or at a crossroads for urban, organic and aesthetic reasons. While beautifying a course, they structured and punctuated it as well as serving as landmarks. Their richly decorated facades participated in the beautification and animation of the urban landscape. These arches appear as a component of an urban program. Some of them were honorific or commemorative. In Roman times, the architecture of passage reflected changes in the political life and social structure. The self-representation, the imperial propaganda and the fierce competition between cities would play a major part in the designing of these monuments. Their richness and splendor must have impressed visitors and thus enhanced the city's power and glory picture. They participated in its ornamentation.