Thesis (Ph. D.)--Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 2005. / Typescript (photocopy).

Austria's aim to provide equitable education to its citizens is an ongoing process. In 1747 a decree opened schools to all children. From 1891 to 1941 schooling was compulsory for children between 6 and 14. In 1955 the Austrian Constitution guaranteed Austrian minority groups equal access to education. In 1966 and 1976 legislation further guaranteed minority groups' right to be taught in their home language subject to certain provisos. Currently minority groups are supposed to be taught in their horne language for the frrst three years of school and school is compulsory for nine years. This study wished to establish whether minority groups are, in fact, provided with education as provided for by law, and examined the situation in the United States of America, the United Kingdom and Canada as well. If Austria is successful, Zimbabwe or South Africa could adapt her policies in their educational situation. / Educational Leadership and Management / M Ed. (Educational Management)

This study was designed to explore how Chinese families managed the care of an adult member with advanced cancer both in home and hospital settings, to identify factors that affected care management, to examine the influence of cultural beliefs and practices on caregiving, and to examine the preference for location of care, from the perspective of one family member. The method used in conducting this study was the grounded theory approach of qualitative research. Data were collected through a series of interviews with six Chinese informants (five adult children and one spouse). The initial interviews were guided by the research questions. Constant comparative analysis was employed throughout data collection to permit analytic material to guide and focus the process of constructing the core social process. The informants' degree of ethnic identity was measured using the Ethnic Identity Questionnaire to further validate the researcher's observations pertaining to cultural orientation. The results indicated that Chinese families managed the care of an adult member with advanced cancer through the balancing process. This process, used when patients were in hospital and home, characterized the struggle the families experienced in managing everchanging caregiving demands and everyday family demands. Balancing was comprised of four interrelated management strategies: gauging, anticipating, sharing the load, and resourcing. It was concluded that the process is not culturally-bound although activities of trying out and patterns of help-seeking were thought to be culturally based. Factors which were found to influence the balancing process were past experiences and the patients' and family members' style or previous patterns of coping. Cultural beliefs influenced family members' actions and the reasons given for their actions. The results also indicated that Chinese families preferred care at home to care in the hospital. However, care at home was contingent on four factors: availability and ability of caregivers, family support, information from physician, and patients' physical condition and symptom management. The hospital setting was identified as the place where the ill family would die. In terms of nursing practice, the results support the need for nurses to be family-focused and support the actions of family members as the families manage the care. The results also suggest nurses to explore their own beliefs as well as beliefs of patients and families to ensure sensitivity is shown to differences. The findings reinforce the importance of educating families, as well as other health care professionals, about nursing's role in providing care, especially in the community. With regard to nursing research, the results reinforce the need to conduct family unit research and further explore the validity of the balancing process with more Chinese families and other ethnic groups. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Nursing, School of / Graduate

No description available.

No description available.

The aim of the study is to provide an account of the present state of Portuguese in the Johannesburg Portuguese community, and to identify factors influencing the maintenance of, and shift from the mother tongue. South African society necessitates a knowledge and daily use of English, and sometimes Afrikaans. Literacy and proficiency in the Portuguese mother tongue is therefore rapidly decreasing, especially amongst the third generation. Despite this decline, certain factors play a role in maintaining Portuguese. The most important factors in the maintenance of the mother tongue are education, cultural activities, contact with Portugal, parental influence and positive attitudes. If measures are not taken, and an awareness created within the community of the need to create a situation of stable bilingualism, the Portuguese language will continue to be eroded. / 0 objectivo desta tese e analisar o nivel actual da lingua portuguesa, na comunidade Portuguesa em Joanesburgo, e identificar os factores que influenciam a manutenc;ao e ou o afastamento da lingua materna. A sociedade sul-africana necessita de urn conhecimento diario da lingua inglesa e, par vezes da lingua afrikaans. Por conseguinte, a capacidade de ler e escrever fluentemente na lingua portuguesa esta rapidamente a desaparecer, especialmente na 3a gerac;ao. Apesar deste declinio, existem ainda determinados factores que contribuem para a sobrevivencia da lingua portuguesa na comunidade. Os factores mais importantes sao: a educac;ao, as actividades culturais, o contacto com Portugal, a influencia familiar - atitudes positivas tomadas pela propria comunidade. Se nao forem criadas medidas pelos portugueses, que garantam a consciencializac; ao da lingua materna e urn determinado bilinguismo, a lingua portuguesa acasani par desaparecer na Africa do Sul. / Linguistics / M.A. (Linguistics)

This project considers the ways in which Wiccan marriage and American marriage law interact with each other. The thesis examines certain aspects of the history of 20th-century American marriage law, the concurrent development of contemporary marriage ritual in Wicca, developing problems in this area, and possible solutions. In particular, the project focuses on the recognition of religious groups and their officials as they are authorized by state and federal law to perform marriages and how this process has affected Wiccan ritual.

The submitted diploma thesis is focused on the refugee phenomenon and its classification among international migration issues as such, while the interest is focused mainly on immigration from third-world countries into European Union, accenting the Czech Republic. In this context, causes of growing tendency in international protection applicant and economic migrant numbers, but also responses caused by this fact, are being discussed. To enable a closer look at the multi-ethnic co-habitation character, there is secondary empirical data outlining the current situation of the majority´s relationship towards the ethnic and national plurality with regard to migration crisis given on the one hand, and determinants influencing the creation of different citizen attitudes on the other hand. Last but not least, there is some space left for chosen interactive education methods and didactic material based on them, which is useful when teaching about the controversial refugee issue in lessons of Civics.

The aim of the study is to provide an account of the present state of Portuguese in the Johannesburg Portuguese community, and to identify factors influencing the maintenance of, and shift from the mother tongue. South African society necessitates a knowledge and daily use of English, and sometimes Afrikaans. Literacy and proficiency in the Portuguese mother tongue is therefore rapidly decreasing, especially amongst the third generation. Despite this decline, certain factors play a role in maintaining Portuguese. The most important factors in the maintenance of the mother tongue are education, cultural activities, contact with Portugal, parental influence and positive attitudes. If measures are not taken, and an awareness created within the community of the need to create a situation of stable bilingualism, the Portuguese language will continue to be eroded. / 0 objectivo desta tese e analisar o nivel actual da lingua portuguesa, na comunidade Portuguesa em Joanesburgo, e identificar os factores que influenciam a manutenc;ao e ou o afastamento da lingua materna. A sociedade sul-africana necessita de urn conhecimento diario da lingua inglesa e, par vezes da lingua afrikaans. Por conseguinte, a capacidade de ler e escrever fluentemente na lingua portuguesa esta rapidamente a desaparecer, especialmente na 3a gerac;ao. Apesar deste declinio, existem ainda determinados factores que contribuem para a sobrevivencia da lingua portuguesa na comunidade. Os factores mais importantes sao: a educac;ao, as actividades culturais, o contacto com Portugal, a influencia familiar - atitudes positivas tomadas pela propria comunidade. Se nao forem criadas medidas pelos portugueses, que garantam a consciencializac; ao da lingua materna e urn determinado bilinguismo, a lingua portuguesa acasani par desaparecer na Africa do Sul. / Linguistics and Modern Languages / M.A. (Linguistics)

MaaS (Mobility as a Service) beskrivs ofta som ett framväxande digitalt koncept för att hantera framtida mobilitets- och hållbarhetsutmaningar. Konceptet är emellertid ett relativt nytt fenomen som fortfarande är i sitt utvecklingsstadie, där fokus har hamnat på att övertyga användare till att välja MaaS över privat fordonsägande. I denna övertygelse har dock minoritetsgrupper som människor med fysisk funktionsnedsättning prioriterats bort. Litteratur inom området lyfter människor med fysisk funktionsnedsättnings upplevda frustrationer som följd av denna problematiska bortprioritering, men att dessa beskrivningar är väldigt övergripande. Genom en kvalitativ intervjustudie med åtta respondenter har en ökad och mer djupgående förståelse för människor med fysisk funktionsnedsättnings subjektiva förstahandsupplevelser av att använda olika mobilitetstjänster kunnat skapats, vilket också är syftet med denna studie. Genom denna kunskap från insamlad empiri tillsammans med insikter från litteraturstudien har två designimplikationer identifierats och utforskats: Digital informationsdistribuering och Rättvisa premisser.  Dessa designimplikationer är ämnade att användas vid både utveckling av nuvarande mobilitetstjänster med tillhörande digitala applikationer och vid framtidens visioner av att integrera flertalet mobilitetstjänster i en gemensam digital plattform, exempelvis MaaS. Designimplikationerna blir således viktiga att ta hänsyn till för att främja ett mer inkluderande samhälle, där dessa typer av mobilitetstjänster och framtida koncept inte exkluderar någon, både vad gäller själva användandet av tjänsterna och vid utvecklingen av dem. / MaaS (Mobility as a Service) is often described as an emerging and innovative digital concept for handling future mobility and sustainability challenges. However, the concept is a relatively new phenomenon still in its development stage, focusing on convincing users to choose MaaS over private vehicle ownership. In this belief, however, minority groups such as people with physical disabilities have been less prioritized. The literature review highlights the perceived frustrations of people with physical disabilities due to this problematic deprioritization, but these descriptions are deficient. Through a qualitative interview study with eight respondents, an increased and more in-depth understanding of the subjective first-hand experiences of using mobility services by people with physical disabilities has been created, which is also the purpose of this study. From this knowledge from collected empirical data and insights from the literature study, two design implications have been identified and explored: Distribution of digital information and Fair premises.  These design implications are intended to be used both in developing current mobility services with associated digital applications and in future visions of integrating the majority of mobility services in a common digital platform, for example, MaaS. The design implications thus become essential to consider in order to promote a more inclusive society where these types of mobility services and future concepts do not exclude anyone, both in terms of the actual use of the services and their development.