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Cette recherche doctorale porte sur la relation des sociétés aux territoires qu’elles construisent dans une perspective diachronique. Je fais l’hypothèse que le rapport à l’espace participe de la classification des individus en plusieurs groupes, selon la résidence, le statut familial ou la richesse en terre. Cette série ne saurait être considérée comme ni exhaustive ni ahistorique. Dans cette perspective, la Cerdagne (Pyrénées de l’Est) est apparue comme un terrain idoine compte tenu des lignes de fracture, sociale et spatiale, qui révèlent et recomposent les différents rapports à l’espace entre le XVIe et le XIXe siècle. Trois questionnements envisagés à trois échelles différentes se sont posés. À petite échelle, l’apparition d’une frontière politique au milieu du XVIIe siècle (traité des Pyrénées, 1659) modifie-t-elle les rapports à l’espace en créant un nouvel horizon étatique ? Et quelle place tient la ville de Puigcerdà dans la structuration de ces sociétés de montagne ? A l’échelle des communautés d’habitants, quels types de rapport à l’espace se noue autour de l’accès aux biens collectifs tant au niveau intercommunautaire qu’intracommunautaire ? Enfin, à grande échelle, quels rapports se créent et se recréent entre les familles, les individus et la terre dite « privée », alors que du point de vue historiographique, la Cerdagne se situe dans une aire pyrénéenne marquée par la primogéniture et l’exclusion des puînés de l’héritage foncier. / This doctoral research dwells on the relationship between societies and the territories they shape within a diachronic perspective. The hypothesis at the core of this work is that the relation to space partakes of the classification of the individuals into several groups, according to localities, family status or land wealth. This list is neither to be considered exhaustive nor ahistorical. From this perspective, Cerdanya (in the Eastern Pyrenees) qualified as a terrain, given the social and spatial divides which bring to the fore and reconstruct the manifold relations to space between the 16th and 19th centuries. Three questions arise at three different scales. On a small scale, does the coming upon the political scene of a frontier in the middle of the 17th c. (with the Treaty of the Pyrenees, 1659) modify the relations to space by creating a new state, a new actor ? Then, what about the role held by the city of Puigcerdà in the shaping of these moutain societies ? On the community scale, what kinds of relations to space form when it comes to common lands as much on the intercommunal as the intracommunal level ? Lastly, on the large scale, what are the links weaving between families, individuals and the land called “private”, when, from a historiographical point of view, Cerdanya is located in a Pyrenean aera where primogeniture and the exclusion of the youngest is deeply rooted.

Esta dissertação de mestrado tem como objeto de estudo o fenômeno conhecido como antonismo, nome dado ao movimento de apoio à reivindicação de D. Antônio, prior do Crato (1531-1595), à coroa portuguesa após a morte de D. Sebastião (1555-1578). A luta de D. Antônio e dos antonistas pelo trono foi assunto de controvérsia e polêmica na historiografia, ora compreendido como um surto patriótico, ora como uma revolta popular, mas sempre circunscrito aos eventos da crise dinástica. Nesta dissertação, buscaremos demonstrar que este fenômeno corresponde a uma linha de força interna da política portuguesa quinhentista, que tem origem nas disputas e conflitos entre o infante D. Luís e D. João III e de diversas facções descontentes com a política do reino que aos poucos construíram a pretensão de D. Antônio, prior do Crato, à coroa portuguesa e, portanto, sendo uma possibilidade política concreta antes e depois da crise dinástica portuguesa (1578-1581). / This dissertation has as its object of study the phenomenon known as antonismo, name given to the movement to support the claim D. Antônio, prior of Crato (1531-1595), to the Portuguese crown after the death of D. Sebastião (1555-1578). The struggle of D. Antônio and the antonistas for the throne was the subject of dispute and controversy in historiography, now understood as a patriotic outbreak, now as a popular revolt, but always limited to the events of dynastic crisis. This dissertation demonstrates that this phenomenon corresponds to an inner power line of the sixteenth-century Portuguese policy, which has its origins in disputes and conflicts between the infante D. Luís and D. João III and from various factions discontented with the policy of the kingdom that gradually built up the pretense of D. Antônio, prior of Crato, to the Portuguese crown, and thus being a real political possibility before and after the Portuguese dynastic crisis (1578-1581).

Este trabalho pretende oferecer uma análise crítica da Demonomania das Feiticeiras, escrita pelo famoso jurista francês Jean Bodin no final do século XVI. Por intermédio da perspectiva histórico-religiosa, desenvolvida pelos expoentes da Escola Italiana de História das Religiões, procurar-se-á estudar algumas categorias conceituais que fundamentaram a escrita da obra, tendo em vista o complexo contexto em que foi escrita. Para tanto, observar-se-á a influência das Guerras de Religião que assolaram a França no percurso intelectual de Bodin, a decorrência da caça às bruxas enquanto fenômeno cultural e religioso e uma análise geral da carreira e da obra bodiniana, de modo a buscarmos o afinamento de nossos instrumentos interpretativos e, com isso, melhor compreendermos a Demonomania no contexto de sua realização e, ao mesmo passo, o conjunto da obra de seu autor. / This study intends to do a critical analysis of the Demon-mania of the Sorcerers, written by the famous French jurist Jean Bodin by the end of the XVI century. Through the historical-religious perspective developed by the Italian School of History of Religions, it will be sought to study some of the conceptual categories which gave the Demon-manias writing its foundation, having in mind the complex context in which it was written. In order to achieve this, the influence of the French Religion Wars on the intellectual course of Bodin, the witch-hunt as a cultural and religious phenomenon and a general analysis of the authors career and his works shall be taken into consideration, while we reach for an improvement of our interpretative instruments and, with that, a better understanding of the Demon-mania in its context and, at the same time, in the interior of the whole of Bodins writings.