In House of Leaves, Mark Z. Danielewski has produced a text which epitomises the traits and concerns of postmodernist literature. Through his attention to aspects such as metafiction, intertextuality and parody, Danielewski develops a narrative structure which is best understood as a literary labyrinth. It is a structure intended to reflect the social conditions of the twenty-first century and comment on the experience of people living at this time. Some of the meaning-making strategies within the book’s labyrinthine structure are thus discussed in detail in order to demonstrate the relevance and importance of House of Leaves as social commentary. House of Leaves is an exemplary postmodernist text, but it is also one that seeks to guide the reader beyond the intellectual impasse of the postmodernist paradigm toward a renewed ethical and political engagement with the world. One of the most important goals of both Danielewski’s novel and this thesis is to attempt to redefine the postmodernist perspective in such a way as to insist on the necessity of what I call a new realism. This is founded upon an awareness of the pervasiveness of the self-perpetuating ideology of capitalism, even in the perspective of postmodernism (which purports to subvert all authoritative ideologies). Playing a crucial role in perpetuating the status quo of capitalism is the growth of entertainment culture, which works to sideline crucial political issues by replacing information with infotainment. The result is an intensification of the processes of commodification. Such an intensification, it is argued, may be countered by a radical scepticism which draws upon the methods and insights of contemporary science.

This thesis offers an edition of the English and Latin poems found in MS. Folger bd with STC 22957, attributed to Henry Vaux (c. 1559—1587), a recusant, priest-smuggler, and child prodigy. THE TEXT of the edition is preceded by an introduction comprising three parts: a GENERAL INTRODUCTION describing Vaux‘s socio-historical and biographical context; a CRITICAL INTRODUCTION describing the Medieval and Early Modern literary contexts of Vaux‘s poems and the forms, traditions, topoi, and conventions adhered to in them; and a TEXTUAL INTRODUCTION describing the seventeenth-century manuscript copy of the poems used as the source text and explaining and justifying the editorial decisions made. Textual variants and instances of doubtful authorship are also discussed. THE TEXT itself is presented in the original spelling of the MS. and is a diplomatic edition: the scribe‘s use of characters that are now defunct (such as long ‗s‘ and ‗=‘ for ‗-‘) has not been modernised. A critical apparatus is provided with THE TEXT. THE TEXT is followed by an extensive COMMENTARY, which glosses un-usual or archaic words and phrases, points out allusions and their likely sources, discusses literary forms and conventions which inform the reading of the po-ems, and observes peculiarities in poetic metre. Translations and commentary are offered for Vaux‘s Latin poems. The five appendices following the COMMEN-TARY comprise a MODERNISED TEXT of the poems, a FACSIMILE OF THE FOLGER MS., a SUBSEQUENT HISTORY OF THE VAUX FAMILY after Henry Vaux‘s death, a text JOHN OF PECHAM‘S PHILOMENA PRAEVIA (a text which informs the reading of Vaux‘s ―A complaint to the Nightingale‖) along with a parallel translation by me, and transcriptions of TEXTUAL VARIANTS. A BIBLIOGRAPHY of works cited, re-ferred to or consulted follows the appendices. A comprehensive GENERAL INDEX of subjects, people, places, and literary works and forms follows this, and an IN-DEX OF FIRST LINES AND TITLES of Vaux‘s poems completes the edition.

La notion de modèle renvoie à un mode de représentation, à l’exemplarité, et à une méthode d’investigation. À la quête d’une identité, la ville projette sous diverses formes une représentation d’elle-même. Les historiens superposent à cette idéalisation initiale un ou des schémas d’interprétation qui leur permettent de développer leurs propres thématiques. Nîmes apparaît ainsi tour à tour comme l’exemple de la colonie latine, la ville renaissante en admiration devant son propre passé, la place forte huguenote défendant la liberté religieuse, la ville des Lumières déployée autour des vestiges de l’Augusteum. Aujourd’hui, l’exceptionnelle conservation de ses monuments antiques suggère que la romanité s’inscrit dès l’origine et immuablement dans le paysage et dans l’imaginaire urbain. Les archives consulaires permettent d’établir au contraire une lente maturation, scandée par les perturbations violentes des guerres civiles et par les évolutions des systèmes de défense. La ville de Nemausus est familière, mais lointaine et inappropriée juridiquement. Le corps politique préfère s’appuyer sur le privilège consulaire, créé par les comtes de Toulouse, et sur le statut particulier des États de Languedoc pour représenter la communauté. Profondément réformé en 1476, le consulat canalise le débat politique local jusqu’à la Révolution. Quand, au milieu du XVIIIe siècle, l’expansion industrielle montre les limites de son droit sur l’espace, il trouve les moyens d’infléchir les choix du pouvoir royal en matière d’urbanisme. La thèse, qui couvre de manière équivalente les trois siècles de la période moderne, est organisée en deux parties : l’identité de la ville et la construction du paysage. / The notion of model refers to a mode of representation, to an exemplary nature, and to a method of investigation. In the search of an identity, the city projects by different ways a representation of itself. The historians stack upon this idealized image one or several outlines of their own themes. Nimes appears so alternately as the example of the Latin colony, the Renaissant city filled with admiration for its own past, the fortified town Huguenot fighting for the religious freedom, the city of the Enlightenment spread around the vestiges of Augusteum. Today, the exceptional preservation of its antique monuments suggests that Romanity remained unchanged from the very beginning in the landscape and in the urban imagination. The archives of the consuls allow to establish on the contrary a slow maturation, accellerated by the violent disturbances of the civil wars and by the evolutions of defence systems. The city of Nemausus is familiar, but distant and legally worthless. The political body prefers to use the consular privilege, created by the counts of Toulouse, and on the particular status of the States of Languedoc to represent the community. Profoundly reformed in 1476, the consulate channels the local political debate until the Revolution. When, in the middle of the XVIIIth century, the industrial expansion shows the limits of its right on the space, it finds the means and the capacity to bend the choices of the royal power in town planning. The thesis, which covers in a equivalent way the three centuries of modern period, is organized in two parts, the identity of the city and the construction of the landscape.

Orientador: Leandro Karnal / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T10:24:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Uzun_JuliaRanyCampos_M.pdf: 2898744 bytes, checksum: 87f5034c66717aa10c3055f160d6781a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa procurou discutir como a produção de manuais escolares do México, durante o governo de Porfirio Díaz (1876-1911), auxiliou a construir a representação do passado do país. Dada a diversidade étnica, linguística e histórica do período, a investigação buscou compreender como a educação, especialmente através dos manuais escolares, auxiliou a construir uma memória comum e assentar as bases de um projeto de cidadania para o México, na virada do século XIX para o XX. Foram analisados seis manuais escolares que faziam parte de um projeto unificador, fruto da Reforma Educativa ocorrida no período. A escolha desses manuais deveu-se à sua importância no período, à sua repercussão em anos posteriores e ao papel social de seus autores. A pesquisa, dentro do campo da História Cultural, pretendeu discutir qual era o cidadão mexicano tido como "ideal" a partir desta Reforma Educativa, quais heróis foram eleitores como símbolos mexicanos (e quais deveriam ser calados), quais os usos políticos e simbólicos dessas figuras e como elas representavam o México que o intelectuais porfiristas pretenderam construir / Abstract: This research attemped to discuss how the production of Mexican scholars' books, during Porfirio Díaz government (1876-1911), helped to contructed the past representation of the country. Given the ethnic, linguistic and historical diversity in this period, the investigation tried to understand how the education, specially through the scholars' books, helped to develop a commom memory and lay the foundations os a citizenship project to Mexico, at the turn of nineteenth to the twentieth. There were analysed six scholars' books that were part os an unifying project, fruit of the Educative Reform ocurried in this period. The choice of these textbooks was due to its importance in this period, its repercussion in later years and the social role of its authors. The research, inside the camp of Cultural History, intended to discuss which was the Mexican citizen thought like "ideal" as from this Educative Reform, which heroes were elected like Mexican symbols (and which others should be silent), which were the political and symbolical uses of there figures and how they represented the Mexico that the Porifian intelectuals intended to construct / Mestrado / Historia Cultural / Mestra em História

La presente tesi di dottorato ha come obiettivo centrale quello di comprendere come la pittrice Artemisia Gentileschi (1593-1654) si è inserita ed ha svolto il suo lavoro in alcune delle città europee dove c’erano più finanziamenti per le arti plastiche, come Roma, Firenze, Venezia, Napoli, e Londra nella prima metà del XVII secolo, e quello di analizzare le varie costruzioni di sé e le rappresentazioni del femminile nelle sue corrispondenze epistolari e nella sua opera pittorica. A questo fine, saranno utilizzate fonti scritte, che ci permettono di indagare sulla traiettoria di vita di Artemisia, sul suo lavoro come pittrice in diverse aree della penisola italiana e dell’Europa; e fonti visuali, che mostrano la dimensione della sua opera pittorica in generi diversi, come per esempio i temi della tradizione veterotestamentaria, storici, mitologici, ritratti, autoritratti. Le fonti rivelano la permanenza di Artemisia in diversi spazi di consumo delle immagini, in ritagli di regno, vice regni, ducati, repubbliche, così come in luoghi gestiti da figure ecclesiastiche e tra rilevanti collezionisti privati con i quali negoziò. In questo senso, l’utilizzo dei concetti di rappresentazione e di genere furono cardinali per la tesi e contribuirono ad evidenziare il dialogo della pittrice con la cultura dell’epoca ed il suo lascito nella storia dell’arte/pittura, così come i conflitti messi in moto dall’artista di fronte alle questioni di genere vigenti al tempo. / A presente tese de doutorado tem como objetivo central entender como a pintora Artemisia Gentileschi (1593-1654) se inseriu e atuou em algumas das cidades europeias em que mais havia o financiamento das artes plásticas, como Roma, Florença, Veneza, Nápoles e Londres, na primeira metade do século XVII; e analisar as construções de si e representações do feminino em suas correspondências e em sua obra pictórica. Para tal, utilizamos fontes escritas, que nos permitiram problematizar a trajetória de vida de Artemisia, assim como sua atuação como pintora em diferentes regiões da península italiana e da Europa; e fontes visuais, que dão a ver a dimensão de sua obra em diferentes gêneros, a exemplo dos temas da tradição veterotestamentária, históricos, mitológicos, retratos e autorretratos. As fontes revelam a permanência de Artemisia em diferentes espaços de consumo de imagens, em cortes de reinos, vice-reinos, ducados e repúblicas, bem como nos lugares administrados por figuras do clero e entre relevantes colecionadores particulares com os quais negociou. Nesse sentido, os usos dos conceitos de representação e gênero foram norteadores para a tese e contribuíram para evidenciar os diálogos da pintora com a cultura de sua época e seu legado para a história da arte/pintura, bem como os embates travados pela artista frente às questões de gênero vigentes em seu tempo. / The main objective of this doctoral thesis is to understand how the painter Artemisia Gentileschi (1593-1654), in the first half of the 17th century, was inserted and acted in some of the European cities where there was more financing of plastic arts, such as Rome, Florence, Venice, Naples and London; and analyze the constructions of self and representations of the feminine in her correspondence and pictorial work. For that, we used written sources, which allowed us to problematize the life trajectory of Artemisia, her work as a painter in different regions of the Italian peninsula and Europe; and visual sources, which make it possible to visualize the dimension of her pictorial work in different genres, such as the themes of the Old Testament tradition, historical, mythological, portraits and self-portraits. The sources reveal the permanence of Artemisia in different spaces of consumption of images, courts of kingdoms, viceroys, duchies, republics, as well as in the places administered by figures of the clergy and among the relevant private collectors with whom she negotiated. In this sense, the uses of the concepts of representation and gender were guiding the thesis and contributed to highlight the dialogues of the painter with the culture of her time and her legacy to the history of art / painting, as well as the clashes waged by the artist regarding the gender issues in force in her time.

The thesis analyzes the thinking, legacy and the second life of the work of a prominent mathematician, cosmologist and the Catholic priest Georges Lemaître. The patterns of his thinking (expecting the intelligibility of the cosmos, assuming the hidden nature of God for research of natural science, seeing indeterminism in the evolution of the cosmos and separating the scientific and religious approach to reality) are presented on the basis of sources and literature based on Lemaître's texts and texts of scholars who dealt with his life and work. Everything is further complemented by the opinions of authors writing about the broader contexts of the history of cosmology and its interferencee with religion. Those long-term tendencies are drawn in more detail and further connected and compared with more general European ideas (the book of nature, the question of human free will, light as a backdrop of creation, appreciating the simplicity of hypotheses). Special emphasis is placed on the religious connotations of Lemaître's thinking - these are also presented with regard to the development of time, to which insights are further applied using modern models of the relationship between science and religion. It is the temporal transformation of that relationship within Lemaître's life path and the resulting...

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Slated as an economic outlet for Germany, the Baghdad Railway was designed to funnel political influence into the strategically viable regions of the Near East. The Railway was also designed to enrich Germany's coffers with natural resources with natural resources and trade with the Ottomans, their subjects, and their port cities... Over time, the Railway became the only significant route for Germany to reach its "place in the sun," and what began as an international enterprise escalated into a bid for diplomatic influence in the waning Ottoman Empire.

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