La survenue d’une incapacité motrice est un évènement majeur qui ne se limite pas à des dimensions corporelles, mais implique également des dimensions sociales. Elle provoque chez les personnes des perturbations biographiques qui se caractérisent par des ruptures et des bifurcations dans leurs trajectoires de vie ainsi que par la perte de place et de rôle dans la vie sociale. La survenue du handicap oblige à une réorganisation des conditions de vie et à une recomposition du quotidien lors du retour dans le milieu ordinaire après un séjour dans un centre de rééducation consécutif à la survenue de l’incapacité. L’expérience du handicap moteur permet ainsi de saisir la dynamique sociale des trajectoires de vie et les ressources sollicitées par la personne en incapacité motrice dans le processus de sa reconstruction sociale. À partir d’entretiens menés auprès des hommes et des femmes en incapacité motrice et vivant à domicile à Yaoundé (Cameroun), cette thèse a pour objectif d’analyser les interactions entre l’incapacité motrice et l’environnement social dans la réorganisation de leurs trajectoires de vie et dans leurs différentes activités suite à la survenue de l’incapacité. En adoptant un modèle social du handicap, elle met en relief les perturbations biographiques et les ressources sollicitées dans les différentes trajectoires pour maintenir et adapter leur identité. Cela permet une analyse située des mécanismes de construction du handicap à partir des expériences des individus / The occurrence of a motor disability is a major event that is not limited to corporal dimensions, but also involves social dimensions. Individuals are faced with biographical disruptions characterized by breaches and bifurcations in their lifetrajectories and by the loss of place and role in social life. The occurrence of disability calls for a reorganization of living conditions and of the day-to-day life when returning to their usual environment after a stay in a rehabilitation centre. Experiencing motor disability thus makes it possible to grasp the social dynamics of life trajectories and the resources solicited by persons with motor disability in the process of their social reconstruction.Based on interviews conducted with men and women with motor disabilities and living at home in Yaoundé (Cameroon), this thesis aims at analysing the interactions between motor disability and social environment in the reorganization of their life trajectories and in their different activities following the onset of disability. By adopting a social model of the handicap, it highlights the biographical disruptions and the resources needed in the different trajectories to maintain and adapt their identity. It allows a situated analysis of the mechanisms of production of disability from the experience of individuals.

Dispositivos móveis como smartphones e tablets são, atualmente, equipados com componentes de hardware que podem ser utilizados para a criação de soluções que auxiliam diversas atividades de pessoas com deficiência. Por exemplo, os sensores de um celular na mão de um usuário com deficiência motora podem ser utilizados para identificar movimentos da mão desse usuário e movimentar uma cadeira de rodas elétrica. Apesar de o uso de dispositivos móveis para fins de criação de soluções de acessibilidade ser explorado e documentado por muitos pesquisadores, verifica-se carência de infraestruturas que facilitem a criação de soluções para usuários com deficiência com base no uso dos recursos computacionais dos dispositivos móveis. Este trabalho apresenta um framework nativo para sistema operacional Android que provê bibliotecas para uso e integração dos diversos recursos desses dispositivos, como sensores, microfone e câmera, para auxiliar usuários com deficiência motora. O framework foi proposto com base em requisitos levantados por profissionais da área da saúde que trabalham no Centro Integrado de Reabilitação (CIR) pertencente ao Hospital Estadual de Ribeirão Preto (SP), e que reabilitam usuários com hemiparesia decorrente de Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE). Aplicações usando a infraestrutura proposta foram implementadas como provas de conceito que evidenciam a possibilidade de criação de soluções que usam e integram os principais componentes dos dispositivos móveis para auxiliar os usuários reabilitados. Apesar de o escopo de requisitos limitar-se a pessoas que tiveram AVE, testes realizados com desenvolvedores de software de diferentes níveis de experiência demonstraram que o framework agiliza a implementação de soluções diversas, inclusive para pessoas sem deficiência. O framework, que pode ser adaptado para diferentes sistemas operacionais, foi implementado para auxiliar a construção de aplicativos para o sistema operacional Android. / Nowadays, mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets are equipped with hardware components that can be used to create solutions that support various activities of people with disabilities. For example, the sensors of a mobile phone in the hand of a user with motor disability can be used to identify movements of that users hand and, then, to move an electric wheelchair. Although the use of mobile devices for the creation of accessibility solutions is deeply explored and documented by many researchers, there still is a lack of infrastructures to facilitate the creation of solutions for users with disabilities by relying on the use of the computational resources of mobile devices. This work presents an Android-native framework that provides libraries for the use and integration of the various resources of these devices, such as sensors, microphone and camera, to assist users with motor disabilities. The framework was proposed based on requirements raised by health professionals who work at a Rehabilitation Center that belongs to the State Hospital of Ribeirão Preto (SP, Brazil), where they rehabilitate users with hemiparesis due to stroke. Applications using the proposed infrastructure have been implemented as proofs of concept that demonstrate the possibility of creating solutions that use and integrate the main components of mobile devices in order to assist the rehabilitated users. Although the scope of requirements of our project is limited to people who have had stroke, tests performed with software developers of different levels of experience have shown that the framework speeds up the implementation of diverse solutions, including the ones for people without disabilities. The framework, which can be adapted for different operating systems, has been implemented to help build applications for the Android operating system.

La sclérose en plaques est une maladie inflammatoire du système nerveux central, ayant plusieurs phénotypes cliniques, caractérisée par la coexistence de phénomènes inflammatoires focaux et d’une neurodégénérescence diffuse, dont la physiopathologie est actuellement inconnue. L’apparition de troubles cognitifs marque un tournant évolutif pour les patients, est en lien avec la progression de la maladie, et notamment l’atrophie cérébrale. Néanmoins le statut cognitif de certains patients reste préservé malgré la progression de la maladie. Le concept de réserve cognitive rendrait compte de cette absence de corrélation entre statut cognitif et lésions cérébrales en lien de la maladie, mais ses bases physiologiques sont à l’heure actuelle inconnues. Trois techniques d’imagerie : L’étude de la perfusion cérébrale en arterial spin labelling, de la vasoréactivité cérébrale grâce à l’inhalation d’un gaz enrichi en CO2, et des anomalies de substance blanche cérébrale en tenseur de diffusion sont utilisées dans ce manuscrit pour répondre aux questions suivantes :- Existe-t-il des anomalies vasculaires pouvant expliquer la neurodégénérescence diffuse observée dans la sclérose en plaques, et notamment dans les formes progressives ?- Existe-t-il en tenseur de diffusion des anomalies de certains faisceaux de substance blanche qui serait corrélées au statut cognitif ou au phénotype clinique des patients? La réserve cognitive est-elle médiée par des phénomènes de plasticité de la substance blanche dans la sclérose en plaques? / Multiple sclerosis in an inflammatory and dysimmune condition of the central nervous system, with different clinical patterns. This disease involves patchy area of demyelination and of a diffuse axonal loss and neurodegeneration. The pathophysiology of this diffuse neurodegeneration remains currently unknown. The apparition of a cognitive impairment dramatically changes the clinical prognosis in patients. This cognitive impairment seems to be linked to a diffuse dysconnexion of normal appearing white matter, and to grey matter atrophy. Cognitive reserve could explains a lack of correlation between the cognitive status in patients and the cerebral lesion load due to the disease. Anatomical basis of cognitive reserve are unclear. Three methods of imaging : arterial spin labelling, measure of the cerebral vasoreactivity with the inhalation of a gas enriched in dioxid, and diffusion tensor imaging are employed to answer to these questions in multiple sclerosis : Are there vascular abnormalities related to neurodegeneration, in particular in progressive forms of multiple sclerosis? Could we find white matter differences in tracts related to cognitive impairment or clinical form in patients? Is Cognitive reserve linked to a cerebral white matter plasticity in this condition ?

Dispositivos móveis como smartphones e tablets são, atualmente, equipados com componentes de hardware que podem ser utilizados para a criação de soluções que auxiliam diversas atividades de pessoas com deficiência. Por exemplo, os sensores de um celular na mão de um usuário com deficiência motora podem ser utilizados para identificar movimentos da mão desse usuário e movimentar uma cadeira de rodas elétrica. Apesar de o uso de dispositivos móveis para fins de criação de soluções de acessibilidade ser explorado e documentado por muitos pesquisadores, verifica-se carência de infraestruturas que facilitem a criação de soluções para usuários com deficiência com base no uso dos recursos computacionais dos dispositivos móveis. Este trabalho apresenta um framework nativo para sistema operacional Android que provê bibliotecas para uso e integração dos diversos recursos desses dispositivos, como sensores, microfone e câmera, para auxiliar usuários com deficiência motora. O framework foi proposto com base em requisitos levantados por profissionais da área da saúde que trabalham no Centro Integrado de Reabilitação (CIR) pertencente ao Hospital Estadual de Ribeirão Preto (SP), e que reabilitam usuários com hemiparesia decorrente de Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE). Aplicações usando a infraestrutura proposta foram implementadas como provas de conceito que evidenciam a possibilidade de criação de soluções que usam e integram os principais componentes dos dispositivos móveis para auxiliar os usuários reabilitados. Apesar de o escopo de requisitos limitar-se a pessoas que tiveram AVE, testes realizados com desenvolvedores de software de diferentes níveis de experiência demonstraram que o framework agiliza a implementação de soluções diversas, inclusive para pessoas sem deficiência. O framework, que pode ser adaptado para diferentes sistemas operacionais, foi implementado para auxiliar a construção de aplicativos para o sistema operacional Android. / Nowadays, mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets are equipped with hardware components that can be used to create solutions that support various activities of people with disabilities. For example, the sensors of a mobile phone in the hand of a user with motor disability can be used to identify movements of that users hand and, then, to move an electric wheelchair. Although the use of mobile devices for the creation of accessibility solutions is deeply explored and documented by many researchers, there still is a lack of infrastructures to facilitate the creation of solutions for users with disabilities by relying on the use of the computational resources of mobile devices. This work presents an Android-native framework that provides libraries for the use and integration of the various resources of these devices, such as sensors, microphone and camera, to assist users with motor disabilities. The framework was proposed based on requirements raised by health professionals who work at a Rehabilitation Center that belongs to the State Hospital of Ribeirão Preto (SP, Brazil), where they rehabilitate users with hemiparesis due to stroke. Applications using the proposed infrastructure have been implemented as proofs of concept that demonstrate the possibility of creating solutions that use and integrate the main components of mobile devices in order to assist the rehabilitated users. Although the scope of requirements of our project is limited to people who have had stroke, tests performed with software developers of different levels of experience have shown that the framework speeds up the implementation of diverse solutions, including the ones for people without disabilities. The framework, which can be adapted for different operating systems, has been implemented to help build applications for the Android operating system.

Submitted by Maria Auxiliadora da Silva Lopes (silopes@ufba.br) on 2016-05-02T15:17:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao.Poliana.FINAL.pdf: 713115 bytes, checksum: e5aab1706e5a0b557289b67fae46a56e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora da Silva Lopes (silopes@ufba.br) on 2016-05-02T15:20:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao.Poliana.FINAL.pdf: 713115 bytes, checksum: e5aab1706e5a0b557289b67fae46a56e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-02T15:20:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao.Poliana.FINAL.pdf: 713115 bytes, checksum: e5aab1706e5a0b557289b67fae46a56e (MD5) / Teorizando a partir de fundamentos associados ao desenvolvimento da motricidade humana, a presente pesquisa de Dissertação investigou, através de um estudo bibliográfico, a importância da psicomotricidade nas aulas de Educação Física, para estudantes com deficiência físico-motora. Levando-se em conta o que diz alguns teóricos, tais como Vigotsky; Maigre e Destrooper; Ramos; Camus; Vayer; Boulch; Freud; Winnicott; Schilder; Lacan; Mannoni; Samí Alí, entre outros, analisou-se de forma sucinta a historicidade e aproximação entre a Educação Física e a Psicomotricidade, acompanhando suas evoluções pelos séculos. No intuito de justificar a importância da Psicomotricidade como abordagem pedagógica da Educação Física, desenvolvemos este estudo que tem como objetivo analisar teoricamente as contribuições no processo de desenvolvimentos motores e funcionais, psíquicos e escolares, e também afetivos e sociais, no processo de inclusão de estudantes com deficiência físico-motora, estes, que são os sujeitos desta investigação. Os primeiros resultados apontam para a confirmação das hipóteses levantadas, e aguçam a perspectiva de avançar para uma próxima pesquisa, coletando um conjunto de recomendações de exercícios psicomotores que sustentem na prática os objetivos nesta pesquisa relatados. / ABSTRACT Theorizing from foundations associated with the development of human motricity, the present research of Dissertation investigated, through a bibliographical study, the importance of psychomotricity in physical education classes, for students with physical-motor disabilities. Taking into account what some theorists say, such as Vygotsky; Maigre and Destrooper; Ramos; Camus; Vayer; Boulch; Freud, Winnicott, Schilder; Lacan; Mannoni; Sami Alí, among others, has examined briefly the historicity and rapprochement between Physical Education and the Psychomotricity, accompanying their developments by centuries. In order to justify the importance of Psychomotricity as pedagogical approach of Physical Education, we have developed this study that aims to investigate their contributions in the process of development functional and engines, psychic and academic, and also social and affective, in the process of inclusion of students with physical-motor disabilities, these, which are the subjects of this research. The first results point to the confirmation of the hypotheses raised, and whetting the prospect of moving to a next search, collecting a set of recommendations of psychomotor exercises that sustain in practice the objectives reported in this research reported

En la actualidad, la industria de los videojuegos ha avanzado constantemente introduciendo nuevas consolas y periféricos en cada generación para los jugadores que no presenten alguna discapacidad. Sin embargo, para el caso de los jugadores con discapacidad no ha sido así. En hay un limitado acceso a dispositivos en el mercado para las personas con discapacidad debido a sus altos costos y logística. A causa de lo mencionado, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo mostrar el proceso de diseño e implementación de un sistema HMI para controles de PlayStation 4 para personas con discapacidad motora. La solución consiste en un sistema de boquillas y joystick que la persona operará utilizando sus labios para aspirar o soplar. Luego, unos sensores de presión se encargarán de leer las variaciones de presión en el aire generadas por el usuario, las cuales serán las señales de entrada de un microcontrolador el cual las analizará y de acuerdo a un algoritmo de decisión habilitará sus salidas. Estas simularán la acción de los botones en el control de Playstation 4, para que finalmente se ejecuten y visualicen los comandos en pantalla. Luego de la implementación el dispositivo seguirá a la etapa de pruebas, las cuales serán realizadas por personas que se dedican al desarrollo de videojuegos de manera profesional y quienes darán la realimentación respectiva en cuanto al rendimiento y ergonomía del sistema. / The present work proposes an human-machine interface for PS4 controllers oriented to assist people with upper limb disabilities using microcontrollers. The proposed system aims to improve the experience in gaming and quality of life of disabled players who can’t afford non-standard devices due to their large costs. The equipment consists of a user operated part, which will detect pressure variations and send those inputs to a microcontroller. Then, an algorithm will analyze those input ranges and send an output signal through different pins. That output signal will trigger one of various commands in the Playstation 4 controller, which were previously defined and configured. And finally, the user can see the movement on screen when playing a video game. The proposed solution will be validated with a field test with different users who will determine if this solution satisfies their needs. / Tesis

Introducción: El propósito del estudio fue determinar la relación entre la autocompasión y la imagen corporal en jóvenes con discapacidad motriz. Método: Se utilizó el inventario de Autocompasión (SCS) de Javier García Campayo (2014) y el cuestionario de Imagen Corporal Para Personas en Situación de Discapacidad Física (PICDF) de Botero y Londoño (2014). La muestra estuvo conformada por 172 jóvenes de ambos sexos con discapacidad motriz, cuyas edades fluctuaron entre 16 y 25 años quienes reciben terapias en centros de rehabilitación de Lima Metropolitana y poseen diferentes tipos de discapacidad motora y diferentes niveles de afectación, de los cuales el 57.6% son hombres y el 42.4% mujeres. El tipo de investigación es cuantitativa con un diseño transversal y correlacional. Resultados: Dentro de los principales resultados se hallaron relaciones significativas entre las dimensiones de Autocompasión e Imagen Corporal. Además, el resultado comparativo de la variable Autocompasión respecto al sexo, conlleva a una mayor exploración en futuras investigaciones. Conclusión: Los resultados de la investigación reflejan correlación entre las variables de estudio, lo que conlleva a profundizar en dimensiones de connotación positiva que fomenten programas de mejora, para que las personas con discapacidad puedan mejorar su calidad de vida, ya que en ellos no solo se deberían de considerar los factores médicos o educativos. / Background: The purpose of the study is to determine the relationship between self-compassion and body image among young people that suffer from motor disability. Methodology: The self-compassion inventory (SCS) by Javier Garcia Campayo (2014) was used, as well as the questionnaire that measured Body Imagen in People who Suffered from Physical Disability (PICDF) by Botero and Londoño (2014). The sample was composed of 172 young adults, males and females with motor disability, whose ages fluctuated between 16 and 25 years, who receive therapy in rehabilitation centers with Lima City, and why suffer from different levels of motor disability and degree of affection, of which 57,6% are men and 42,4% are women. The design of the study is quantitative, transversal, and correlational. Results: Within the main results, significant relationships between the dimensions of self-compassion and body image. Conclusion: Furthermore, the comparative results of the self-compassion variable regarding gender, leads to deepen in positive connotation dimensions that encourage improvement programmers, so that disabled people can improve their quality of live, due to the fact that not only medical or educational factors should be considered when evaluating them. / Tesis

Este trabajo de investigación se planteó bajo una idea base, el brindar un proyecto de calidad para todas las personas con alguna discapacidad física o motora, ya que, en la mayoría de casos de centros de salud especializados en rehabilitación y terapia física no brindan el servicio en espacios adecuados y que no tienen la mayoría de alcance para toda esta población que sufre de alguna discapacidad. Es por eso, que este trabajo de investigación muestra los aciertos y falencias de centros de muchos centros de salud especializados en rehabilitación y terapia física a nivel de Lima Metropolitana. Aciertos como, que existe una normativa muy clara y especifica por parte del Ministerio de Salud y del Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Dr. Adriana Rebaza. Falencias como, que algunos centros de salud no cuentan con una debida espacialidad donde el paciente pueda realizar sus terapias con la adecuada comodidad y tranquilidad, también que muchos de estos se encuentran ubicados en su mayoría en zonas muy alejadas del lugar de residencia del paciente, generándole una incomodidad en el paciente, ya que nuestras ciudades no están debidamente diseñadas a su medida. Por otro lado, el escoger debidamente un énfasis de la arquitectura biofilia par un establecimiento de salud es fundamental, ya que, es en dicho establecimiento donde el paciente pasara un buen tiempo en lo que dure su tratamiento y brindarle ese acercamiento con la naturaleza es necesaria para generar una sensación de calma y tranquilidad en el paciente. Entonces, este proyecto de investigación ahonda en estos temas y busca generar soluciones para un porcentaje de la población con discapacidad sea física o motora. / This research work was raised under a basic idea, to provide a quality project for all people with a physical or motor disability, since, in most cases, health centers specialized in rehabilitation and physical therapy do not provide the service. In adequate spaces and that, do not have the majority of reach for this entire population that suffers from some disability. That is why this research work shows the successes and failures of centers of many health centers specialized in rehabilitation and physical therapy at the level of Metropolitan Lima. Successes such as, that there is a very clear and specific regulation by the Ministry of Health and the National Institute of Rehabilitation Dr. Adriana Rebaza. Failures such as, that some health centers do not have a proper space where the patient can perform their therapies with due comfort and tranquility, also that many of these are located mostly in areas very far from the patient's place of residence, generating discomfort in the patient, since our cities are not properly designed for them. On the other hand, properly choosing an emphasis of the biophilic architecture for a health facility is essential, since it is in said facility where the patient will spend a good time during the duration of their treatment and providing that approach with nature is necessary. To generate a feeling of calm and tranquility in the patient. Therefore, this research project delves into these issues and seeks to generate solutions for a percentage of the population with physical or motor disabilities. / Trabajo de investigación

Esta investigación busca conocer las percepciones de la imagen corporativa que tienen los millennials acerca de la inclusión laboral de personas con discapacidad motora en los retailers de Lima Metropolitana, que actualmente forma parte de sus acciones de Responsabilidad Social Corporativa (RSC). Teniendo en cuenta que la Ley de Personas con discapacidad N.º 29973 regula a las empresas para que contraten a personas con discapacidad, este estudio analizó el vínculo de valor afectivo, la comunicación corporativa con respecto a la RSC y las percepciones basadas en lo que sienten, piensan y experimentan los millennials en relación con la inclusión laboral de personas con discapacidad motora. El enfoque de esta investigación es cualitativo y la técnica que se utilizó para el recojo de la información fueron las entrevistas semiestructuradas. Dentro de los resultados más destacados se evidenció que los millennials tienen una imagen corporativa positiva hacia los retailers que incluyen a personas con discapacidad motora. Sin embargo, los retailers no tienen definidos cuáles son los canales de comunicación para difundir sus acciones de inclusión laboral de personas con discapacidad motora como parte de la RSC, debido a la falta de una estrategia de comunicación corporativa. / This research seeks to know the perceptions of the corporate image that millennials have about the labor inclusion of people with motor disabilities in the retailers of Metropolitan Lima, which is currently part of their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) actions. Taking into account that the Law on People with Disabilities No. 29973 regulates companies to hire people with disabilities, this study analyzed the bond of affective value, corporate communication with respect to CSR and perceptions based on what Millennials feel, think and experience in relation to the labor inclusion of people with motor disabilities. The focus of this research is qualitative, and the technique used to collect the information was semi-structured interviews. Among the most outstanding results, it was evidenced that millennials have a positive corporate image towards retailers that include people with motor disabilities. However, retailers have not defined which communication channels are to disseminate their labor inclusion actions for people with motor disabilities as part of CSR, due to the lack of a corporate communication strategy. / Tesis

No description available.