A seleção de fornecedores de transporte é um desafio cada vez maior. O crescimento da rede de clientes a ser coberta demanda uma alocação eficiente em termos de custo não suprida por mecanismos tradicionais de negociação. Neste âmbito, o leilão combinatório torna-se uma alternativa de negociação ao permitir capturar sinergias entre os trajetos que devem ser atendidos. Em conseqüência disso, diminui-se o custo de transporte do fornecedor que se reflete nos menores preços de suas propostas e finalmente no custo total de compra do serviço. Por outro lado, esta decisão envolve fatores além do custo total; a mensuração destes torna-se importante para identificar fornecedores que melhor se ajustam aos requerimentos do comprador. No entanto, é fundamental escolher um método adequado para sua avaliação porque este influência a decisão final. Este problema de compra de serviços de transporte é conhecido na literatura como Winner Determination Problem (WDP) que, devido a sua complexidade, possui uma resolução limitada. Após revisão teórica, foi observado que os estudos relacionados à área de transporte focalizavam o desenvolvimento de modelos matemáticos que fossem representativos da realidade. Alguns destes modelos abordam a utilização de múltiplos critérios atribuindo um coeficiente que pondera cada critério. Evidenciou-se a necessidade do desenvolvimento de um algoritmo alternativo que além de facilitar sinergias entre trajetos, fosse abrangente o suficiente para tratar múltiplos critérios em instâncias compatíveis com problemas reais. Logo, com o intuito de contribuir com a literatura foi adaptado um algoritmo matemático otimizante ao problema de compras de fornecedores de transporte com base no algoritmo de Sandholm (2002). Este algoritmo aplica leilão combinatório de compras, apoiando-se na teoria da análise de decisão para mensurar critérios relevantes do comprador. Inicialmente, o algoritmo minimiza o custo total do comprador designando combinações de trajetos e fornecedores; depois é modificado para o tratamento multi-critério. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com o software comercial CPLEX. / Selecting suppliers is a crescent challenge for the enterprises. The extent of the client web that needs to be served demands efficient allocations, in terms of cost, that are not addressed by traditional mechanisms. In this scenario, another mechanism came to be: the combinatorial auction. In this one, suppliers can express their synergies on routes they wish to supply. This leads to lowering their transportation costs, which is reflected in lower bidding prices as well as in the total cost of service. On the other hand, the selection of a supplier involves other criteria besides cost. The definition of these is essential to define which supplier fits the needs of the buyer. That is why it is of most importance to choose the right method to evaluate these needs, as it defines the final choice. This problem is known as Winner Determination Problem (WDP) and due to its complexity, possesses a feeble solution. After compiling what has been done about the subject, it was noticed that in the field of transport, studies are focused on mathematical models that represent reality. Some models address criteria assigning coefficients to the objective function by weighting on it. Clearly, there was a need for alternative algorithms that would, besides promoting synergies on routes, also treat multi-criteria problems close to reality. Therefore, searching for a valid contribution in the field, an adaption of an optimizing algorithm based on Sandholm (2002)s was made. The algorithm applies combinatorial auction, supported by decision analysis for measuring relevant buyers criteria. First, the main algorithms objective is to minimize buyers costs by combining routes and suppliers; then, a modified approach considers multi criteria. Results were then compared to the commercial software CPLEX.

Submitted by Izabel Franco (izabel-franco@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-06T14:21:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissFAY.pdf: 4500500 bytes, checksum: f53692d6c8e17f50aa45ea1cbe9444e2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-12T12:47:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissFAY.pdf: 4500500 bytes, checksum: f53692d6c8e17f50aa45ea1cbe9444e2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-12T12:47:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissFAY.pdf: 4500500 bytes, checksum: f53692d6c8e17f50aa45ea1cbe9444e2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-12T12:48:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissFAY.pdf: 4500500 bytes, checksum: f53692d6c8e17f50aa45ea1cbe9444e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / This study, conducted in the limits of EPA of Botucatu, sought by the spatial distribution of soil strength, prepare an environmental fragility index of soil resistance and using methodologies such as the analysis of environmental fragility, geostatistics and multi-criteria decision analysis generate a environmental fragility map of the study object. The sample area was divided into 78 quadrants where data were collected on the soil resistance with an impact penetrometer, slope, soil types and land use and vegetation cover. It has been prepared an environmental fragility index for soil strength and weaknesses and maps were generated for each parameter and raised by map algebra in a multi-criteria decision analysis, the preparation of the environmental fragility map. The results can be noted that the slope, the lowest average of soil resistance were found in the higher slope (2,38 MPa - 20-40% and 2,92 MPa - greater than 40%) and this group showed significant differences compared to other classes of minor steepness (6.44 MPa to 6%, 7.11 MPa 6 to 12 MPa and 4.85% from 12 to 20%) at a depth of 0 to 20cm. There were significant differences between the different types of land use and vegetation cover. Sugarcane (9,35 MPa) and grazing (9,05 MPa) had the highest average resistance, differing from citrus (6.23 MPa) that differed from perennial crops such as eucalyptus forests (5,28 MPa), the coffee (3,58 MPa) and native forests (2,33 MPa) that formed the last group of least resistance in the layer 0-20 cm soil. In the spatial distribution of soil resistance, ordinary kriging in the exponential semivariogram model proved the most efficient method, given the parameters of the cross validation compared with gausian and spherical models. The multi-criteria decision analysis, through map algebra, generated the final product of this study, the map of environmental fragility to the EPA of Botucatu which showed that 32.43% of the total sample area are within lower fragility environmental classes and 67.57% of the total sample area are averaged fragility classes to very high fragility. / Esse estudo, realizado no limites da APA de Botucatu, buscou, através da distribuição espacial da resistência do solo, elaborar um índice de fragilidade ambiental da resistência do solo e, utilizando metodologias como a análise da fragilidade ambiental, a geoestatistica e a análise de decisão multicritérios gerar uma carta ou mapa de fragilidade ambiental para o objeto de estudo. Dividiu-se a área amostral em 78 quadrantes onde foram coletados dados sobre a resistência do solo com um penetrômetro de impacto, dados sobre a declividade, os tipos de solos e uso do solo e cobertura vegetal. Foi elaborado um índice de fragilidade ambiental para a resistência do solo e foram geradas cartas de fragilidades para cada parâmetro levantado e através da álgebra de mapas em uma análise de decisão de multicritérios, a elaboração da carta de fragilidade ambiental. Como resultados pode-se destacar que na declividade, as menores médias da resistência do solo foram encontradas nas declividades mais altas (2,38 MPa - de 20 a 40% e 2,92 MPa - maior que 40%) e esse grupo apresentou diferenças significativas se comparadas com as outras classes de menores declividades (6,44 MPa até 6%, 7,11 MPa de 6 a 12% e 4,85 MPa de 12 a 20%), na profundidade de 0 a 20cm. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os diferentes tipos de uso do solo e cobertura vegetal. A cana de açúcar (9,35 MPa) e as pastagens (9,05 MPa) apresentaram as maiores resistências médias, diferindo do citros (6,23 MPa) que diferiu das culturas perenes, como as florestas de eucalipto (5,28 MPa), o café (3,58 MPa) e as florestas nativas (2,33 MPa) que formaram o último grupo, de menor resistência na camada 0 a 20 cm do solo. Na distribuição espacial da resistência do solo, a krigagem ordinária no modelo de semivariograma exponencial foi o método mais eficiente, atendendo aos parâmetros da validação cruzada comparado com os modelos gausiano e esférico. A análise de decisão de multicritérios, através da álgebra de mapas, gerou o produto final desse estudo, a carta de fragilidade ambiental para a APA de Botucatu que mostrou que 32,43% do total da área amostral se encontram dentro de classes baixas de fragilidade ambiental e 67,57% do total da área amostral se encontram em classes de fragilidade de média a muito alta.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:27:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2703386 bytes, checksum: 8243b5610ded0f778a31f88803f852e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-10 / Universidade Federal de Viçosa / This work introduces a methodical approach to obtain environmental vulnerability maps associated with the water quality for human supply, focusing on water basins. The methodology proposed uses different variables (layers of information) derived from remote sensing (acquisition of orbital imaging, correction, classification, etc.), topography (obtained from altimetry), including field data collection (water samples) and its proper spatialization. With the aim of uniting all these informational layers, generating a map of environmental vulnerability, a multicriteria analysis was used, which establishes a list of preferences among the variables pre-analyzed. One of the focuses of this work is to use different weighting methods for these variables in order to obtain a vulnerability map which is more coherent with the reality of the region studied (Ribeirão São Bartolomeu basin - Viçosa, MG), since that map will be validated with the data collected from the water quality in the basin (turbidity, nitrogen concentration and physical, chemical and pathogenic elements). This work had as main motivation the requirements of Decreto 518/204 of implementing tools for risk assentment, which however, as highlighted by Bastos et al. (2007) still not presented systematic enough in the legislation, so that it can be translated into a methodological tool for ready use by those responsible services of water supply. Through the experiments was possible to determine which regions must undergo interventions to reduce risks, which according to the best weighting method (Method of Analysis Hierarchical), this area is about 3% of the basin contribution, it's made up meanly by exposed soil and urbanized areas, besides a large concentration of animal breeding and release of raw sewage surround this area. / Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta metodológica para identificação de fragilidades ambientais associadas à qualidade da água para o abastecimento humano, focando a bacia de captação. A metodologia aqui proposta emprega diferentes variáveis (camadas de informação) derivadas do sensoriamento remoto (aquisição da imagem orbital, correções, classificação, entre outros), topografia (obtenção da altimetria), além de coleta de dados em campo (amostras de água) e sua devida espacialização. Com a finalidade de unir todas essas camadas informacionais, de forma a gerar um mapa de fragilidade ambiental, foi empregada a análise multicritério, que estabelece uma relação de preferências entre as variáveis préanalisadas. Um dos focos desse trabalho é utilizar diferentes métodos de ponderação dessas variáveis de modo a obter um mapa de fragilidade mais coeso com a realidade da região de estudos - Bacia Hidrográfica do Ribeirão São Bartolomeu - Viçosa, MG- uma vez que esse mapa será validado com informações provenientes da qualidade da água na bacia de captação (turbidez, concentração de nitrogênio e outros elementos químicos e elementos patógenos). A realização deste trabalho teve como principal motivação as exigências da Portaria 518/204 de implementação de ferramentas de avaliação de risco, o que, entretanto, como destacado por Bastos et al. (2007) ainda "não se apresenta sistematizado o suficiente na legislação, de forma que possa ser traduzido em uma ferramenta metodológica de pronta utilização pelos responsáveis dos serviços de abastecimento de água".Através dos experimentos foi possível determinar regiões que devem sofrer intervenções para redução do risco, que de acordo com o melhor método de ponderação (Método da Análise Hierárquica), essa área é cerca de 3% da bacia de contribuição, compostos em sua maioria por solo exposto e áreasurbanizadas, além de grande concentração de criadouros de animais e lançamento de esgoto em seu entorno.

Submitted by PAULO DE MIRANDA BERNARDO null (paulombernardo@gmail.com) on 2017-10-25T16:38:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Recomposição florestal visando a infiltração de água uma abordagem multicriterial-repositorio.pdf: 4224440 bytes, checksum: c7b74ca84c7beb91df979a93ec24d30f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-10-30T17:34:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 bernardo_pm_me_bot.pdf: 4224440 bytes, checksum: c7b74ca84c7beb91df979a93ec24d30f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-30T17:34:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 bernardo_pm_me_bot.pdf: 4224440 bytes, checksum: c7b74ca84c7beb91df979a93ec24d30f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Para o planejamento dos recursos naturais e avaliação de uma determinada área, é imprescindível analisar e identificar a bacia hidrográfica. O sensoriamento remoto e procedimentos modernos para obter-se imagens, referentes aos novos sistemas de informações geográficas (SIGs), auxiliam na aquisição de diversos tipos de dados. Foram determinadas as áreas que favorecem a conexão entre os fragmentos florestais, com o objetivo de realizar análise de paisagem na sub-bacia do Rio Araquá. Caracterizar o uso e cobertura atual do solo na bacia, por meio de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto, chamada de classificação supervisionada por máxima verossimilhança. Depois, com o auxílio do SIG, foi feita a análise multicriterial com o Método da Combinação Linear Ponderada, determinando os critérios (fatores e restrições) e os pesos dos fatores. A área de estudo foi descrita, assim como o material cartográfico e os dados orbitais. Foram gerados mapas de rede de drenagem, de uso e cobertura do solo, declividade, solos, potencial de infiltração, AVA, fragmentos florestais, classificação da paisagem no programa ArcGis e análise multicriterial no Idrisi Selva. Por último, foi gerado o mapa de conexão florestal, em que notou-se que as áreas mais críticas estão próximas à cobertura florestal, onde as conexões de fragmentos são afetadas por ocupação antrópica e pela agricultura, que cresce a cada ano. Para a recuperação dessas áreas, os agentes ambientais devem realizar planejamentos, apoiando-se em uma metodologia que contempla toda a paisagem e ecossistemas, priorizando a conexão entre os fragmentos florestais e perturbações que ocorrem neste ambiente da área de estudo. / River River basin analysis and identification are extremely important to natural resources planning and evaluation of a given area. Remote sensing and modern procedures to capture images corresponding to the new geographic information systems (GIS) assist the acquisition of different types of data. In this study, regions that favor the connection of forest fragments were delimited to perform the landscape evaluation of Araquá river sub-basin. Current land use and cover were characterized using supervised maximum likelihood classification of remotely sensed images. Then GIS-based approach to multi-criteria evaluation was performed with a Weighted Linear Combination Method to determine the conditions (factors and restrictions) and factor weights. The studied area was described as well as the cartographic material and the orbital data. Maps for drainage network, land use/cover, declivity, soil, infiltration capacity, area of variable inflow, forest fragments and landscape classification were generated using ArcGis software and the multi-criteria analysis was performed with Idrisi Selva software. Finally, a map for forest connection was established, which revealed that the most critical areas are near to forest cover where the connection between fragments are affected by anthropic occupation and agriculture. To recover these areas, environmental managers must create strategies based on a methodology that contemplates the entire landscape and ecosystems, prioritizing the connection between forest fragments and the existing disruptions in the studied area. / CNPQ: 133282/2015-5

Les enjeux énergétiques et environnementaux liés au réchauffement climatique amènent à généraliser la sobriété énergétique des bâtiments neufs ainsi que la production locale d’énergie à l’horizon 2020. Ce travail de thèse se concentre sur le secteur de la maison individuelle qui représente près de la moitié des logements neufs construits en France pour un volume d’environ 200000 unités par an.Le contexte de la maison individuelle à énergie positive 100 % solaire consiste à rechercher les compromis entre le niveau de performance du bâti qui détermine les besoins en énergie et la capacité des équipements à valoriser l’énergie solaire pour d’une part subvenir aux besoins en chaleur pour assurer le chauffage et la production d’eau chaude sanitaire, et d’autre part produire l’électricité nécessaire à l’éclairage et aux autres usages spécifiques (matériels électroménager, vidéo, etc.). Après un examen des différents concepts de bâtiments à énergie positive, une analyse a été menée pour identifier les solutions techniques de systèmes solaires combinés capables de fournir le double service de production d’eau chaude et de chauffage. Un modèle détaillé a été développé dans l’environnement Dymola et vérifié par inter-comparaison de modèles à l’échelle des composants. Un algorithme de contrôle original a été mis au point pour maximiser la performance globale du système.Une première étude paramétrique a montré que ce système est capable dans certaines conditions de couvrir près de 80 % des besoins en chaleur de la maison étudiée. Néanmoins, son dimensionnement demeure complexe et la recherche de compromis entre la sobriété de la maison et le dimensionnement des systèmes solaires thermiques et photovoltaïques doit s’appuyer sur un algorithme d’optimisation multi-objectifs adapté.Un chapitre est donc consacré à l’élaboration d’un algorithme d’optimisation multi- objectifs qui s’appuie sur la méthode des colonies d’abeilles virtuelles. Cette approche s’est avérée particulièrement pertinente vis à vis du problème (paramètres discrets, continus et qualitatifs) à caractère multiobjectifs(maximiser la valorisation du solaire thermique pour le chauffage d’une part et pour la production d’eau chaude d’autre part, minimiser la consommation d’énergie conventionnelle) et sous contrainte car seules les solutions à bilan d’énergie positif sur l’année seront retenues. L’algorithme d’optimisation développé ici a été confronté à une série de problèmes classiques et a démontré sa capacité à construire l’ensemble des solutions avec un nombre relativement faible d’évaluations du modèle.Le dernier chapitre présente deux applications de conception de maisons à énergie positive. La première se situe en région bordelaise alors que la seconde est située à proximité de Strasbourg. Ces deux conditions climatiques permettent de mettre en évidence la capacité de l’algorithme d’optimisation à proposer un éventail de solutions optimales présentant des compromis différents en termes de performance du bâti et de dimensionnement des équipements solaires. Enfin, un outil d’aide à la décision permet d’explorer les fronts optimaux pour dégager les solutions à retenir. / With energy-related and environmental climate change challenges, energy sobriety and local energy production are yet to become a mainstream practice for new buildings construction by 2020. This works focuses on single-family houses which in France represent half of new buildings constructions with 200000 new units new units each year. Near zero energy single-family houses with 100 % solar energy consists on compromising between performance of building envelope which defines energy needs and the ability for equipments to value free solar energy. Hence solar energy must be able to cover space heating and domestic hot waterdemands but also provide enough energy for lightning and other specific uses such as domestic appliances.After a literature review of near zero energy house concepts, an analysis was undertaken to providea clear view of solar combi-systems technical solutions with the ability to provide enough energyfor both needs : space heating and domestic hot water. Using Dymola environment a detailed modelwas developed and its consistency was checked by inter-comparison at component scale. An innovative control algorithm has been worked out to maximize the solar system’s global performance. Afirst parametric study has shown that the system was able to cover close to 80 % of house heat requirement. However sizing of a solar combi-system is a complex task and requires to find compromises between building sobriety, solar thermal energy efficiency, and photovoltaics solar energy sizing. Because of the problem’s complexity, a decision aid tool with an appropriate multi-criteria optimizationalgorithm is required.To that end a chapter is dedicated to the development of a multi-criteria optimization algorithm based on artificial bee colony behavior. This approach has proved to be quite effective to solve the problem and to handle continuous, discrete and qualitative decision variables. Chosen solution was constrained to have a positive energy balance and must maximize solar space heating and domestic fraction in a view to reduce total energy consumption. A validation process has also been set up and the developed optimization algorithm has proved its ability to solve standard problems with a fairlyshort number of evaluations. Adopted methodology was illustrated by two applications of the design phase of a near zero energydetached house. First one is located at Bordeaux an second one in Strasbourg. Selected climate conditions emphasize the ability of the proposed approach to identify a wide range of optimal solutions showing differences within the building’s performance as well as the solar system sizing. Lastly a decision aid tool allows to explore optimal front in a convenient way to shape adapted solutions.

I determined the preferences of mobile phone attributes on the basis of an on-line consumer research, which I conducted with a questionaire created in the Google Docs application. Thanks to the questionaire, I was able to gain information about the evaluation of the importance of 19 functional parametres made by the queired respondents. Through the use of this evaluation I counted the strength for particular parametres and various segments of customers. Differences in the importance of atributes for selected segments were found especially among the categories of age and sex. The teenage generation prefers Bluetooth or a high capacity of the mobile phone memory also in means of memory stics. Enquired young men attach the highest importance to the same attributes as teenagers, but for women in the same category is crucial particularly the visual image of the mobile phone, such as the size of the display, its proportions and weight. What did not have any success among the particular parametres, was the function of TV, which was put on the last place on the imaginary ladder of importance. I stated the recommended telephones on the basis of calculated stregths of the attributes, point evaluation of the experts and price of the selected mobile phones. Among the five recommended products I would like to mention telephone brands {\clq}qNOKIA 6300``, {\clq}qSONY ERICSSON W910i``, {\clq}qNOKIA 3110``, {\clq}qSONY ERICSSON W760i`` a {\clq}qSAMSUNG SGH i8510``.

I used questionnaire investigation to reach the goal of my thesis. I wanted to ascertain the behaviour of users in the market when using the relevant product and to establish the importance of the attributes of digital camera for the user on the base of the research. Further my task was to set the weights of the individual attributes for multi-criteria decision-making. To compare the offered products with the help of the selected technique of multi-criteria decision-making and to suggest suitable products for the users on the base of the weights found out. The ascertained data and results will be further utilizable for consumer organizations, specifically for the Spotřebitelský institut SOS, o.p.s. (SOS Consumer institute, quasi-public company). I came to the following results after having evaluated my research. Most respondents own digital cameras, most frequently brand PANASONIC, CANON and OLYMPUS. The highest percentage of respondents use their cameras to record the personally significant moments, identically most frequently several times a week or several times a month. The main reason to choose a new camera is its function and price and the users are most frequently ready to spend between 3 001,- and 9 000,- CZK. Respondents prefer black and silver digital camera. As I supposed that there would be certain differences among the parameter preferences between genders and experiences of the users, I divided the respondents into individual segments in which I performed my further research. If I should assess the parameters most preferred by the respondents, there are certain differences between genders and experiences of the users. It is possible to say generally, on the base of the ascertained highest values of weights, that all user segments prefer the following parameters: noise (sensitivity), camera speed, battery durability, megapixel resolution and optic zoom. The clearly unimportant parameter is the possibility of printing directly from the camera that is on the last place of importance in all segments. I compared 25 digital cameras on the base of multi-criteria decision-making and the ascertained weights. I can recommend more or less the following 7 suitable products to the individual segments: Canon PowerShot SX1 IS, Panasonic Lumix DMC-FX500, Canon EOS 40D, Canon Ixus 870 IS, Casio EX-V7, Canon EOS 50D, Nikon D300.

The outcome of this thesis are the weights of each parameter of payment methods that are used to interpret consumer recommendations and conclusions. The research revealed that consumers mostly used payment method for purchases from online stores is delivery, although it does not seem like a good choice. Instead of delivery, I may recommend credit card payment, which has only one weakness and that is security. This weakness can be put down by purchasing only at trusted sellers. It is also meant to be the fastest way of payment. Also payment through a text message is convenient and easy. The results of my thesis can be used by consumers to help orient themeselves between the payment systems used for online store purchases, as well as the operators themselves.

Com o aumento do número de desastres e consequente incremento no número de pessoas vitimadas, a preparação para esses eventos é uma necessidade das sociedades modernas. Neste sentido, o planejamento das operações logísticas para atendimento as situações de emergências é uma atividade recente e pouco explorada na produção acadêmica. O objetivo deste trabalho é estabelecer uma metodologia para definir locais para o pré-posicionamento de materiais utilizados no socorro a populações afetadas por desastres através de um modelo de otimização estocástica de dois estágios e análise de decisão multicritério e que considerem parâmetros quantitativos e qualitativos. Com base nos custos de transporte e do não atendimento a demanda, e utilizando informações como mapeamentos de riscos; custos de transporte; histórico de ocorrências de desastres; cobertura geográfica; compras de materiais; capacidades de depósitos e de transporte, um modelo estocástico de programação linear minimiza os custos operacionais para abastecimento às vítimas. Uma análise detalhada sobre como atribuir penalidades para demanda não atendida também é apresentada. Devido à incerteza quanto a severidade de um desastre e a influência da mídia nas fases pós-desastres estes parâmetros são representados na forma de cenários. O resultado do modelo estocástico mostra a quantidade de locais e quais localidades minimizam o custo operacional. Após a obtenção desse resultado, uma nova etapa é utilizada para decisão de escolha do local, com a aplicação de modelo de decisão multicritério que considere, além dos valores obtidos pela modelagem, critérios subjetivos característicos a operações humanitárias. Os resultados finais mostram que modelos estocásticos promovem resultados mais confiáveis que os determinísticos, especialmente, em situações nas quais materiais disponíveis não podem atender toda a demanda e que a consideração de critérios qualitativos e quantitativos proporciona uma decisão mais robusta em operações humanitárias. / The increase in disasters and the consequent increase in the number of victims make it highly necessary to prepare for these events in modern societies. Logistics operations planning to meet emergencies is a recent activity and little explored in academic production. Our aim is to establish a method to locate pre-positioned materials used in disaster relief through a two-stage stochastic optimization model and a multi-criteria decision analysis that consider quantitative and qualitative parameters. Based on transportation and unattended demand costs, and using information such as risk mapping, transportation costs, historical occurrences of disasters, coverage, materials purchase, warehouses and transport capacities, a stochastic linear programming model minimizes the operating costs to supply the victims. A detailed analysis on how to assign penalties for unmet demand is also presented. Due to the uncertainty of the disasters severity and the influence of the media in phases after disasters, these parameters are represented as scenarios. The result of the stochastic model shows the quantity and the locations that minimize the operational cost. After this result, a new phase is applied for site selection, with the application of multi-criteria decision analysis that consider the values provided by the model and subjective criteria characteristic of humanitarian operations. The final results show that stochastic models promote more reliable results than deterministic ones, especially in situations in which the materials available cannot meet all the demand and that the consideration of qualitative and quantitative criteria provides better decisions in humanitarian operations.

O presente trabalho aborda o problema de localização de plataformas logísticas. Buscaram-se métodos de auxílio à tomada de decisão com enfoque multicritério. A essência da tomada de decisão multicritério é a escolha da melhor alternativa, a partir de um conjunto de alternativas competitivas que são avaliadas sob critérios conflitantes. Entre os métodos estudados, o Método de Análise Hierárquica (AHP), proposto inicialmente por Saaty (1971), foi selecionado como ferramenta de apoio à tomada de decisão. Ele permite considerar simultaneamente atributos quantitativos e qualitativos e, também, incorporar a experiência e a preferência dos tomadores de decisão. Foram ainda levantados os fatores determinantes para escolha de alternativas de localização para plataformas logísticas. O caso do ETSP (Entreposto Terminal São Paulo) da CEAGESP (Companhia de Entrepostos e Armazéns Gerais de São Paulo) foi objeto da aplicação do método selecionado. A análise do problema de localização do Entreposto da CEAGESP está restrita à Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. O software Expert Choice foi utilizado para a aplicação do AHP ao caso do CEAGESP. Após a discussão dos resultados, conclusões e recomendações são apresentadas. / This work deals with the facility location problems of logistics platforms, considering multi-criteria approaches for decision making. The essence of multi-criteria decision making is the choice of the best alternative, from a set of competitive alternatives, which are evaluated under conflicting criteria. Among the multi-criteria methods researched in the bibliography, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), initially proposed by Saaty (1971), has been chosen and successfully applied to the case in consideration. This method allows to consider quantitative and qualitative measurable criteria and, also, to incorporate the experience and preference of the decision makers. Determinant factors for the choice of location alternatives for logistic platforms have been considered. The case of the ETSP (Entreposto Terminal São Paulo) of the CEAGESP (Companhia de Entrepostos e Armazéns Gerais de São Paulo) was object of application of the selected method. The Expert Choice software was used for the AHP application to the CEAGESP case. After discussion of the results, conclusions and recommendations from the application are presented.