Orientador: Jose Inacio de Oliveira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T19:26:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Shiraishi_WilmaHideko_M.pdf: 1998354 bytes, checksum: 503ec8f6636f894c6c459636f7045b26 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Neste estudo analisa-se o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes com diagnóstico clinico de tendinite do supra-espinhal relacionada ao trabalho, atendidos no Ambulatório de Medicina do Trabalho do Hospital das Clínicas da UNICAMP, no período de janeiro de 2002 a dezembro de 2004 e verifica-se, dentre as lesões do manguito rotador, quais as tendinites mais freqüentes. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, com dados coletados dos prontuários do Serviço de Arquivo Medico (SAME), utilizando-se o Software Epi-info 6 para o registro de dados. Foram analisados 246 prontuários de pacientes atendidos no Ambulatório com diagnóstico clínico de Distúrbios Osteomusculares Relacionados ao Trabalho (DORT). Desses, identificaram-se 112 pacientes com lesão do manguito rotador e, dentre estes, 106 eram especificamente tendinites do tendão do músculo supra-espinhal. Foram investigadas as variáveis relacionadas a sexo, idade, procedência, ocupação, lado do ombro comprometido, tipo de lesão, ramo de atividade econômica, situação de trabalho no primeiro atendimento, benefícios previdenciários, nexo com o trabalho e distribuição do diagnóstico clinico geral dos DORT neste período. Os resultados mostraram que, dentre as lesões do manguito rotador, a tendinite do tendão do músculo supra-espinhal obteve a maior freqüência, com 106 casos (94,6%); seguida do músculo subescapular com 4 (3,6%); músculo ínfra-espinhal com 2 (1,7%) e nenhuma referência do redondo menor. O grupo concentra-se na faixa etária de 22 a 71 anos de idade, com média de idade de 40 anos (dp= 8,75) sendo que, destes, 74 (69,8%) eram do sexo feminino. O lado do ombro mais comprometido foi o direito em 52 casos (49,1%), o esquerdo em 28 (26,4%) e bilateral em 26 (24,5%). Dentre as principais ocupações, os operadores de máquina e os auxiliares de produção tiveram a maior prevalência (25,4%). Em seguida, auxiliar de cozinha (11,3%) e auxiliar de serviços gerais (6,6%). Do total, 44 (41,5%) pacientes pertenciam à indústria alimentícia e 25 (23,6%) à indústria metalúrgica. Dos pacientes com diagnóstico clínico de tendinite de supra-espinhal o nexo causal com o trabalho foi estabelecido em 100 pacientes (94,3%) / Abstract: Epidemiological profile of pacients with supraspinatus tendinitis related to work in an outpatient Clinic of A Medical School Hospital. This study analyzes the epidemiological profile of patients that consulted at the Occupational Health Outpatient Clinic of the UNICAMP General Hospital, in the period between January 2002 and December 2004, and had clinical diagnosis of work-related Supraspinatus Tendinitis. It also verifies the most frequent tendinitis among rotator cuff injuries. It is a descriptive study using data collected from patients' records in the Medical Record File Service (SAME) and Epi-info6 software was used for recording the data. A total of 246 records of outpatients seen at the Hospital Clinic with clinical diagnoses of Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorder (WRMD) were analyzed. In this group, 112 patients with Rotator Cuff Tendinitis were selected and among these there were 106, specifically, with Supraspinatus Tendinitis. Variables such as gender, age, origin, occupation, side of injured shoulder, type of injury, area of economic activity, work status at first appointment, workers compensation benefits, relation of injury to work, and the distribution of clinical diagnoses of WRMD during the period mentioned, were examined. The results showed that among rotator cuff injuries, supraspinatus tendinitis was the most frequent with 106 cases (94.6%); next came subscapular]s injuries with 4 cases (3.6%), infraspinatus with 2 (1.7%), and there was no reference to teres minor. The age of this group varies from 22 to 71 years old, mean age being 40 (sd=8,75). Among them, 74 (69.8%) patients were female. The side most frequently injured was the right shoulder in 52 cases (49.1%), the left in 28 (26.4%) and both in 26 (24.5%). Among the main occupations, machine operators and production helpers were the most prevalent, both with 25.4%. Next came cooks (11.3%) and all-task helpers (6.6%). A total of 44 (41.5%) patients pertained to the food industry and 25 (23.6%) to metallurgical industry. In the group of patients with clinical diagnosis of supraspinatus tendinitis the relation of injury to work was established in 100 patients (94.3%) / Mestrado / Saude Coletiva / Mestre em Saude Coletiva

Esse estudo teve como objetivo apreender a qualidade de vida (QV) de trabalhadores de enfermagem acometidos por Distúrbios Osteomusculares Relacionados ao Trabalho (DORT) e construir possíveis estratégias para a melhoria da mesma. Investigamos a QV em trabalhadores de Enfermagem com DORT em membros superiores de um Hospital Universitário. O estudo, de caráter exploratório-descritivo e abordagem qualitativa, foi desenvolvido tendo como população os trabalhadores de enfermagem de um hospital público universitário, constituindo 11 mulheres e dois homens, portadores de DORT em membros superiores, representantes de todas as categorias de enfermagem e de diversas unidades assistenciais. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevista individual e grupo focal. Após aprovação do projeto em Comitê de Ética, a coleta de dados foi iniciada através das entrevistas com os sujeitos eleitos. Foram realizadas, também, cinco sessões de grupo focal, no período de novembro a dezembro de 2011. Os resultados de caracterização mostram que a média de tempo de trabalho nesta instituição é de 19 anos, denotando extensa exposição a cargas fisiológicas; sete trabalhadores realizam, concomitantemente ao trabalho remunerado, afazeres domésticos integralmente e cinco deles parcialmente; as atividades de lazer são apenas ocasionais; a maioria dos sintomas refere-se a quadros dolorosos em ombros, o que acaba prejudicando também a realização de atividades básicas e cotidianas. Após o tratamento dos dados de caracterização, as falas foram submetidas à análise de conteúdo e permitiram apreender quatro categorias: existindo com dor, QV é não ter limitações, meu trabalho influenciando na minha QV e cuidando e sendo cuidado. Na primeira categoria, os relatos revelam a influência da dor na constituição do sujeito, em suas expectativas e sua relação com o quadro emocional. Com relação à qualidade de vida, evidenciamos que esta encontra-se prejudicada pela co-existência de dois aspectos, mencionados na segunda e terceira categorias: dor e consequentes limitações e inadequações na organização e processo de trabalho, sendo mencionados alguns fatores desfavoráveis do cotidiano laboral: excesso de tempo no local de trabalho, inadequação de equipamentos e organização e processos de trabalho inapropriados. Dessa forma, as falas dialogam com as definições de Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde e Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho, sendo essas indissociáveis do conceito de QV para esses trabalhadores, já que as percepções do valor atribuído à vida estão sob influência da dor e que inadequações no processo de trabalho alteram significativamente a QV. Na última categoria, verificou-se satisfação com o processo grupal, com crescente conscientização e mudanças no cuidado a si. Em especial, foram despertadas ações cruciais para controle de quadros crônicos de DORT: a atenção a si e às combinações de fatores pessoais, físicos, sociais e emocionais. Também foram observados o meio, com seus riscos e benefícios e simples estratégias de saúde, apreendidas e construídas coletivamente. Construiu-se, junto aos trabalhadores, um programa educativo onde foram oferecidas novas perspectivas para amenização de sintomas, bem como modificações comportamentais relacionadas a componentes posturais e ambientais, indo ao encontro de um dos princípios de Promoção da Saúde e abordando um dos pilares da QV para esse grupo. Conclui-se que a QV desses trabalhadores está intimamente relacionada à dor e ao trabalho. Compreendeu-se que há a necessidade de combinação de estratégias mutissetoriais, com responsabilização dos próprios indivíduos e existência de ações coletivas do sistema de saúde e da comunidade / This study aimed to capture the quality of life (QoL) of nursing workers affected by Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs) and build strategies for its improvement. We investigated the QoL of nursing workers with upper limb disorders in a University Hospital. The study is exploratory and descriptive with qualitative approach and was developed with the nursing staff of a public hospital, constituted of 11 women and two men suffering from disorders in the upper limbs, representatives of all categories of nursing and several units. Data collection was conducted through individual interviews and focus groups. After project approval by the Ethics Committee, data collection began with interviews with the chosen subjects. Five focus group sessions were also carried out, from November to December in 2011. The sociodemographic results show that the average working time in this institution is 19 years, indicating extensive exposure to physiological loads; seven workers perform, concurrently with paid work, full housework and five of them partial; leisure activities are only occasional and the majority of symptoms refers to painful shoulders, which ultimately jeopardize the performance of basic activities of daily living. After treatment of the sociodemographic data, the reports were subjected to content analysis which raised four categories: existing with pain, QoL is having no limitations , my job influencing on my QoL and caring and being cared for. In the first category, the reports reveal the influence of pain in the constitution of the subject, their expectations and its relationship with the emotional picture. Regarding the quality of life, we found that it is hampered by the co-existence of two aspects mentioned in the second and third categories: pain and its resulting limitations and inadequacies in the work organization and process, and some unfavorable factors of daily work mentioned were: too much time at work, inappropriate equipment and improper work organization and processes. Thus, the speeches match with the definitions of Quality of Working Life and Health-Related Quality of Life, these being inseparable from the concept of QoL for these workers, since the perceptions of the value attributed to life are under the influence of pain and that inadequacies in the work process significantly alter QoL. In the latter category, there was satisfaction with the group process, with enhanced awareness and changes in their care. In particular, workers were sensitized to crucial ways to control chronic conditions of WMSDs: attention to themselves and to combinations of personal, physical, social and emotional aspects. Increased attention with the environment also happened, with recognition of its risks and benefits and the use of simple health strategies, learned and built collectively. It was built, along with the workers, an educational program where they were offered new prospects for alleviation of symptoms, as well as behavioral changes related to postural and environmental components, meeting one of the principles of Health Promotion and addressing one of the concepts of QoL for this group. In conclusion, QoL of these workers is closely related to pain and work. It was understood that there is a need for multiple combination of strategies, with accountability of the individuals themselves and the existence of collective actions of the health system and community

The occurrence of musculoskeletal pain symptoms has increased morbidity statistics in large companies. The aim of the present study is was to identify the relationship between work conditions and the occurrence of symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders in administrative technicians who work in the rectory of a UFSM-RS. This research is about a descriptive study, of quantitative nature. The population consisted of 216 professionals in the rectory of a federal university. Data was collected through a survey instrument the person with al and functional data, followed by questions containing the checklist to analyze the conditions of the workplace to the computer developed by Hudson Couto et al and; the adapted Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. The data were analyzed with the help of SPSS software to perform statistical tests. The application of Couto Checklist considered the chair, desk, and video monitors with ergonomic good condition; support for the keyboard in a bad condition; the footrest showed poor ergonomic conditions. The test application of Qui-square and Fisher s Exact Test indicated the presence of significant pain in the neck, spine, shoulder, thoracic spine, wrist / hand and leg. The inadequacies presented by chairs, video monitors and tables make the presence of symptoms of pain / discomfort more significant. Regarding posture, the results were significant for the variables that have related inadequacies of the table on: height, mobile, distance eye / screen / keyboard, arm position and the wrists support. Pain in the neck, shoulders, chest and wrists / hands registered a higher incidence of pain generated by postural discomfort according to the servers of the rectory. With these results, the study provides evidence that furnishings and inadequate equipment on ergonomic criteria extend the symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders. Moreover, the postural maintenance for long periods while working with computer constitutes another factor that contributes to the occurrence of pain in workers. / A ocorrência de sintomas de dores osteomusculares tem aumentado as estatísticas de morbidade nas grandes empresas. Este estudo teve por objetivo identificar a relação entre condições de trabalho e a ocorrência de sintomas de distúrbios músculo-esqueléticos em Técnicos Administrativos que atuam na Reitoria da UFSM-RS. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter descritivo, de natureza quantitativa. A população foi composta por 216 profissionais da Reitoria da universidade Federal. A coleta foi feita através de um instrumento contendo o levantamento de dados pessoais e funcionais, seguidas de questões relativas ao Check-list para análise das condições do posto de trabalho ao computador, elaborado por Hudson Couto e colaboradores (2007) e; o Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares adaptado. Os dados obtidos foram analisados com o auxilio do software SPSS para a realização dos testes estatísticos. A aplicação do Checklist de Couto considerou a cadeira, mesa de trabalho e monitores de vídeo com boa condição ergonômica; o suporte para o teclado com condições ruim; o apoio para os pés apresentou péssimas condições ergonômicas. A aplicação de testes Qui-quadrado/Exato de Ficher indicaram a presença significativa de dor em regiões do pescoço, coluna lombar, ombro, coluna torácica, pulso/mão e pernas. As inadequações apresentadas por cadeiras, monitores de vídeo e mesas tornam mais significativas a presença de sintomas de dor/desconforto. Com relação à postura os resultados foram significativos para as variáveis que relacionaram inadequações da mesa quanto: à altura, ao móvel, distância olho/tela/teclado, posição dos braços e apoio dos punhos. As dores cervicais, nos ombros, tórax e pulsos/mãos registraram maior incidência de dores geradas pelo desconforto postural de acordo com os servidores da Reitoria. Diante desses resultados o estudo oferece evidências de que mobiliários e equipamentos inadequados quanto aos critérios ergonômicos ampliam os sintomas de distúrbios osteomusculares. Além disso, a manutenção postural por longos períodos durante o trabalho com computador, constitui-se outro fator que contribui para a ocorrência de dores no trabalhador.

Os Distúrbios Osteomusculares Relacionados ao Trabalho (DORT) acometem a saúde do trabalhador, desde a década de 90, gerando ocorrências num grande número de pessoas, em diferentes países e diversas atividades, sendo um dos casos mais evidenciados no contexto ocupacional. Trabalhadores sujeitos a cargas de trabalho semelhantes, que desempenham a mesma atividade, podem apresentar variações significativas no seu estado de saúde relacionado ao trabalho. Uma forma eficaz de reduzir o número de casos de DORT é a prevenção, que só se torna efetiva se for participativa e abrangente e se minimizar os fatores de risco presentes nas situações de trabalho. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a gestão preventiva dos problemas relacionados aos DORT, através de uma abordagem ergonômica estruturada, interpretações, prevalências, tipos de tratamentos ou reabilitações para retorno ao trabalho, bem como avaliar e gerar dispositivos de controle dos problemas relacionados aos DORT em uma indústria cimenteira, baseando-se na estratégia SOBANE, por ser uma estratégia de prevenção que avalia os fatores de risco e permite a interação com os trabalhadores. (excluída a frase sobre limitação do método) Como resultado prático para a empresa foram propostas recomendações através de plano de ação detalhado, de forma a melhorar continuamente as atividades e postos de trabalho, reduzindo os fatores de risco. / Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WRMD) affect the health of workers, since the Nineties, generating occurrences in a great number of people, in different countries and several activities, which are being one of expressed cases in the occupational context. Employees subjected to similar loads, performing the same activity, can present significant variations of their state of health work related. An effective way to reduce the number of WRMD cases is the prevention, only becomes effective if it is participative and comprehensive and if it minimizes the risk factors present at the workplace. The purpose of this study was to conduct the preventive management of the problems related to WRMD, through a structural ergonomic approach, interpretation, prevalences, types of treatments or rehabilitation to return to work, as well as generating controls devices of problems related to WRMD in a cement industry, based on SOBANE strategy, to be a prevention strategy which evaluates the risk factors and allows the interaction with employees. On the basis of the findings, recommendations are proposed through a detailed action plan, in order to apply continuous improvement in the work environment, reducing the risk factors.

The purpose of this thesis was to investigate how motion analysis can be used as service to reduce the rate of upper-body musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in forestry, and propose a design based on the identified requirements. The project was carried out in collaboration with a Power Tools and Accessories Manufacturer (PTAM). Work-related upper-limb musculoskeletal disorders cost the European Union about 0.5-2% of its Gross Domestic Product yearly, cause immeasurable human suffering, and strain societal resources, not to mention the effect on the finances of the firm employing the afflicted individual. Forestry is the most prolific industry in terms musculoskeletal disorders, with a prevalence rate of circa 6 recorded MSDs per 100 workers and year. MSDs can be prevented, if individuals are aware of the risk. However, the traditional ways of creating awareness are clearly not working, considering the high rates of MSDs. Self-tracking technologies are therefore proposed as a new, more effective, way of increasing risk awareness among forestry workers. By increasing awareness, exposure and subsequent risk can be reduced. This thesis was initiated by a literature study, user observations and an interview study at PTAM, followed by a technical evaluation and synthesis of the ergonomic parameters. Early concepts were developed, tested with users, and reworked according to their feedback. Some relevant ethical dimensions of this innovation were also considered as the technology has great potential for both positive and negative influence, which can have profound effects on the users and affect their willingness to engage in self-tracking. The proposed solution is called the Ergonomic Risk Assessment service (ERA). The ERA is a conceptual service that uses motion analysis to assess the risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders caused by hazardous working postures. The ERA is composed of two parts: the tracking unit and the data analysis. The tracking unit is a sports shirt with integrated Bluetooth and IMU sensors which gathers motion data that is used in the automated analysis to assess exposure and risk. The assessments are communicated back to the user via real-time indications and long-term overviews. As a service, the ERA has potential to generate considerate value and have a significant impact on the social and economic sustainability for nations, firms, and individuals, if designed and implemented in an ethically responsible manner. / Syftet med den här rapporten var att undersöka hur rörelseanalys kunde användas som en tjänst för att minska förekomsten av muskuloskeletala besvär (MSDs) i överkroppen bland skogsarbetare, samt att föreslå en design av ett sådant system baserat på de identifierade behoven och kraven. Projektet utfördes i samarbete med PTAM, ett företag som tillverkar motordrivna verktyg och tillbehör. Arbetsrelaterade muskuloskeletala besvär i överkroppen kostar årligen EU ca 0.5–2% av dess BNP, orsakar ett omätbart lidande och belastar samhällets resurser, för att inte nämna dess inverkan på ekonomin bland de drabbade individernas arbetsgivare. Bland de olika industrierna är skogsbruk värst drabbat av MSDs, med en prevalens på ca 6 anmälda MSDs per 100 anställda och år. MSDs kan förebyggas, om individerna är medvetna om risken. De traditionella sätten att skapa riskmedvetenhet fungerar uppenbarligen inte, med tanke på den höga förekomsten av besvär. Därför föreslås teknik för självövervakning som ett nytt och mer effektivt sätta att öka riskmedvetandet bland skogsarbetare. Genom att öka medvetenheten kan exponeringen och risken att utveckla muskuloskeletala besvär minskas Den här masteruppsatsen inleddes av en litteraturstudie, användarobservationer, och en intervjustudie på PTAM, som följdes av en teknisk utvärdering och en syntes av de ergonomiska parametrarna. Preliminära koncept utvecklades, testades med användare, och anpassades efter deras återkoppling. Några relevanta etiska dimensioner av den här innovationen beaktades, då tekniken har potential till positiv så väl som negativ inverkan, vilket kan ha djupgående effekter på användarna och påverka deras villighet att använda sig av självövervakningssystemet. Den föreslagna lösningen kallas för ERA (Ergonomic Risk Assessment service). ERA är en konceptuell tjänst som använder sig av rörelseanalys för att uppskatta risken att utveckla muskuloskeletala besvär orsakade av skadliga arbetsställningar. Lösningen består av två delar: spårningsanordningen och dataanalysen. Spårningsanordningen består av Bluetooth- och tröghetssensorer vilka samlar rörelsedata, som i sin tur används i analysen för att utvärdera exponering och risk. Utvärderingen kommuniceras sedan till användaren via realtidsindikationer samt långtidsöversikter. Som en tjänst har ERA potential att generera avsevärt värde och ha en betydande påverkan på den sociala och ekonomiska hållbarheten för nationer, företag, och individer, och det designas och implementeras på ett etiskt, ansvarsfullt vis.

Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att undersöka förekomsten av muskuloskeletala besvär, vilka faktorer som orsakar dessa samt vilka kroppsdelar som drabbar kliniskt verksamma tandhygienister. Metod: Studiens design var en litteraturstudie baserad på tidigare forskning av 14 vetenskapliga artiklar som hittades i databaserna CIHNAL, MEDELINE och DOSS. Artiklarna som inkluderades i denna litteraturstudie var mellan åren 2012–2022. Utvalda artiklar är kvalitetsgranskade för att säkerställa hög kvalité och de besvarade studiens syfte. Resultat:  Muskuloskeletala besvär drabbade i genomsnitt 80% av tandhygienisterna från alla studier. Faktorer som kan leda till muskuloskeletala besvär inkluderade arbetsrelaterade faktorer såsom arbetstid, arbetsbelastning och arbetsställning. Individuella faktorer som kön, ålder, fysisk kondition och tidigare skador. Psykosociala faktorer som stressnivå, arbetsplatsmiljö och socialt stöd. Mer än hälften av tandhygienisterna upplevde besvär i flera kroppsdelar samtidigt. Kroppsdelarna som drabbades var nacken (67%), axlar (54%), ryggen (46%), Händer/Handleder (44%), armbågar (20%) höften (17%) knäna (12%) och fötter (12%) Slutsats: Det finns tydliga resultat att muskuloskeletala besvär är ett stort problem för tandhygienister. Det bör uppmärksammas i arbete för en god arbetsmiljö. Mer forskning och mer utbildningsprogram inom ergonomi behövs för att kunna förebygga muskuloskeletala besvär bland tandhygienister som jobbar kliniskt i framtiden. / Aim: The aim of the literature study was to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders, which factors cause these, and which body parts affect clinically active dental hygienists. Method: The study design was a literature review based on previous research of 14 scientific articles found in the databases CIHNAL, MEDELINE and DOSS. The articles included in this literature review were between the years 2012–2022. Selected articles are quality reviewed. Results: Musculoskeletal disorders affected an average of 80% of dental hygienists from all studies. The factors where work-related such as working hours, workload and working posture. Individual factors such as gender, age, physical fitness and previous injuries. Psychosocial factors such as stress level, workplace environment and social support. More than half of the dental hygienists experienced problems in several body parts at the same time. The body parts affected were the neck (67%), shoulders (54%), the back (46%), hands/wrists (44%), elbows (20%), the hip (17%), the knees (12%) and the feet (12%) Conclusion: Musculoskeletal disorders are a major problem for dental hygienists. This should be considered in the work for a good working environment. More research and more educational programs in ergonomics are needed to prevent musculoskeletal disorders among dental hygienists who work clinically in the future.

Working in front of visual display units, VDU, has become more and more common and an increasingly number of office workers spend a larger part of their working day in front of a monitor. Thus, work-related eye disorders associated with VDU use increase. Employers has a responsibility to prevent accidents and sickness among their employees, which partly can be done by risk assessments of visual ergonomic conditions at the office workplace. The purpose of this master thesis was to investigate how VDU office workers with, or without, eye- or neck problems perceive the lighting conditions in relation to how an ergonomist who has gone through a nine-day visual ergonomics education, assess the lighting. Data has been collected by 48 ergonomics specialists and work environment engineers who risk assessed 204 VDU stations at different offices in Sweden using a new visual ergonomics risk assessment method. The results showed several strong connections between the assessment made by the trained technician and the individual VDU workers perception of lighting conditions, such as the general lighting and glare. The technician noticed however more risks than the individual worker did. VDU workers with eye-strain reports more problems with their lighting conditions in the office compared to those without eye-strain. The technician’s assessment of glare, and the individual VDU worker´s experience of strong lights hade the most impact on reported eye-strain. VDU workers with neck pain did not report any problems with their lighting conditions in contrast to the technician who reported an increased risk at both general lightning and glare. / Att arbeta framför dator har blivit allt vanligare och allt fler arbetar stor del av sin arbetsdag framför en bildskärm. De arbetsrelaterade besvären i samband med detta ökar. Arbetsgivaren ska förebygga ohälsa och olycksfall vilket bland annat kan göras genom att riskbedöma synergonomiska förhållanden på kontorsarbetsplatsen. Syftet med examensarbetet var att undersöka hur individer med respektive utan ögon- eller nackbesvär vid bildskärmsarbete på kontor uppfattar sina belysningsförhållanden i relation till hur en ergonom som utbildats inom synergonomi och belysning under en 9 dagars utbildning bedömer belysningsförhållandet. Data är insamlat av 48 ergonomer och arbetsmiljöingenjörer som riskbedömt 204 bildskärmsarbetsplatser på olika kontor med hjälp av en ny synergonomisk riskbedömningsmetod. Resultatet visar att det finns flera starka samband mellan ergonomens bedömning och individens uppfattning av belysningsförhållandena, exempelvis gällande allmänbelysningen och bländningen. Ergonomen uppmärksammar dock fler risker än vad individen gör. Individer med ögonbesvär rapporterar i högre grad besvär med sina belysningsförhållanden på kontoret jämfört med individer utan besvär och den belysningsrelaterade faktor som har störst betydelse för om individen anger ögonbesvär är ergonomens bedömning och individens uppfattning av bländning/starka lampor. Individer med nackbesvär rapporterar inga större besvär med belysningsförhållandena i motsatts till ergonomen som rapporterar risker med både bländningen och allmänbelysningen.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders constitutes a substantial burden for society, generating individual suffering and financial costs. Quantifying the musculoskeletal stress and establishing exposure-response relationships is an important step in facing this problem. Observational methods for assessing exposure in the field of ergonomics have shown poor results, and the technical measurement methods that exists are often complicated to use which limits their scope to scientific purposes. This work describes the development of a prototype measurement system aimed to simplify ambulatory measurements of musculoskeletal load, specifically aimed at the wrist and hand. Wearable sensors including Inertial Measurement Units (IMU:s) and Electromyography (EMG) were connected to a smartphone and used for measuring wrist movement and forearm muscle activity. Data sampled in the smartphone was stored online in a cloud database, and a webapplication was developed to visualize work-load exposure. Testing under controlled conditions indicated that muscular rest can be measured and classified according to suggested risk thresholds. Accurate angular measurements were difficult to implement because of lacking inter-sensor alignment in the horizontal plane, as well as uncertainties in the Bluetooth protocol. Future work should focus on the IMU:s and look to further develop a method of correcting the relative angle error, as well as investigating accurate time synchronization of the two sensors.Alternatively, deriving angular velocities directly from the IMU gyroscopes could be investigated.

No description available.

One of the causes of work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) is the manual handling of heavy objects. To reduce the risk of such injuries, workers are instructed to follow general guidelines on how to lift and carry objects depending on their mass. Current ergonomic assessments using wearable sensors can differentiate correct from incorrect body postures but are limited. Being able to estimate the mass of an object during ergonomic assessment would be a great improvement. This work investigates a combination of Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) and Electromyography (EMG) sensors for offline estimation of an object’s mass for different movements. 10 participants performed 26 lifting and carrying trials with loads from 0 to 19 kg, while wearing a 17IMU motion capture system and EMG sensors on both biceps brachii and both erector spinae. Two methods were considered to estimate the carried mass: (1) supervised machine learning and (2) musculoskeletal modeling. First, the data was used to select features, train, and compare regression models. The lowest Mean Squared Error (MSE) for 10-fold cross-validation for lifting and carrying combined was 5.8113 for a Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) model with an exponential kernel function. Then, a MSE of 4.42 and a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 1.63 kg were obtained also with a GPR for Leave-One-Subject-Out Cross-Validation (LOSOCV) only for lifting and frontal carrying trials. For the same trials, the upper-extremity musculoskeletal model, scaled to each participant, estimated the mass with a MSE of 1.78 and a MAE of 0.95 kg. The study was restricted to lifting and frontal carrying, but the combination of the two technologies showed great potential for object mass estimation.