<p>The purpose of this study is, on one hand, to obtain an understanding of how children in municipal music- and culture schools choose instruments and what forms of recruitment methods they are subjected to, and on the other hand, how you can make them continue to play once they have begun.</p><p>To acquire this information, I have interviewed five music teachers and two principals at municipal music- and culture schools in Värmland. The questions treated, among other things, what affects children’s instrument preferences, recruitment methods and what you can do to keep interest for the chosen instrument alive.</p><p>The result of the study shows some apparent tendencies. Even though some of the instruments have trouble recruiting students and other instruments have trouble keeping them, the old methods, which obviously do not work in a satisfactory manner, are still being used. Instead, increased commitment at the occasion of recruitment, more group teaching which strengthens the social bonds through role models and a will to have the courage to change the organization when it does not work, is required.</p>

The purpose of this study is, on one hand, to obtain an understanding of how children in municipal music- and culture schools choose instruments and what forms of recruitment methods they are subjected to, and on the other hand, how you can make them continue to play once they have begun. To acquire this information, I have interviewed five music teachers and two principals at municipal music- and culture schools in Värmland. The questions treated, among other things, what affects children’s instrument preferences, recruitment methods and what you can do to keep interest for the chosen instrument alive. The result of the study shows some apparent tendencies. Even though some of the instruments have trouble recruiting students and other instruments have trouble keeping them, the old methods, which obviously do not work in a satisfactory manner, are still being used. Instead, increased commitment at the occasion of recruitment, more group teaching which strengthens the social bonds through role models and a will to have the courage to change the organization when it does not work, is required.

The thesis deals with personality and contribution of professor L. Daniel for school music education. In the introduction is analyzed Daniel's life and activities, which as a professional in his discipline devoted after all his life. The research part of this thesis provides information on the investigation. The thesis contains findings that were obtained on the basis of qualitative research. The aim of this research was to determine the musical public awareness about Daniel's work and the application of his methods in practice. For qualitative research were elected beginning teachers and teachers from practice in the field of music or graduates of teacher training for primary schools with extended specializing in music education. The results of this research can be an inspiration for further reflection on the application of Daniel's work in practice. Keywords Ladislav Daniel, pedagogy, music education, elementary school with EEME (expanded education of music education).

A pesquisa teve como objetivo estudar as escolas americanas de confissão protestante na província e depois estado se São Paulo, na perspectiva de conhecer como se deu a presença da música nestas escolas. O período que está sendo enfocado nesta pesquisa é de 1870 a 1920. A educação musical no período é um campo particularmente fértil, por não ter sido suficientemente estudada, seja no campo da História da Educação ou no campo da Educação Musical. Neste período, verifica-se uma nova conformação cultural que se deu na sociedade brasileira e, em particular na sociedade paulista, com a presença das denominações protestantes no Brasil e o desenvolvimento de uma rede de escolas americanas protestantes num cenário onde circulavam as tradicionais influências portuguesas, francesas e alemãs. Apoiada na bibliografia, esta pesquisa constatou que essas escolas se apresentavam enquanto a possibilidade de uma melhor formação, que a oferecida pelas escolas nacionais, sendo por isso, apoiadas pelos liberais e republicanos, os quais valorizavam o seu caráter democrático, os métodos atualizados e um particular interesse pela educação feminina. Foi retomado o estudo da inserção da música a partir da Reforma Protestante com o propósito de entender como foi utilizada a música na igreja e para verificar se esta teria influenciado o ensino da música nas escolas americanas dessa confissão. Em seguida foram estudadas três escolas protestantes em São Paulo ligadas a três Igrejas Históricas (Presbiteriana, Metodista e Batista), bem como o repertório musical nelas praticado, com o objetivo de comprovar se aquele movimento se verificou também nesse episódio histórico da educação paulista, trabalhando no campo interdisciplinar de pesquisa. Utilizamos como fontes primárias entre outros materiais inéditos, partituras e coletâneas musicais. / The research aimed at studying American schools professing the protestant faith in the province and then the state of São Paulo, in the perspective of getting to know the ways in which music was present in these schools. The time period focused in this research ranges from 1870 to 1920. Musical education in this period is a particularly rich field as it has not been studied thoroughly enough whether in the field of the History of Education or in that of Musical Education. A new cultural framework is apparent as having taken place in the Brazilian society, markedly in the society of São Paulo, resulting from the presence of protestant denominations in Brazil and the development of a network of American protestant schools in a setting where traditional Portuguese, French and German influences were present. Supported by the bibliography, this research evidenced that these schools seemed to provide better quality of education than that of the national schools, being therefore supported by the liberals and republicans who valued their democratic nature, updated methodology and noteworthy interest in female education. The study of the insertion of music starting with the Protestant Reformation was resumed with the intent of understanding how music was used in the church and to verify if the later may have influenced the teaching of music in the American schools which professed such faith. Afterwards, working in the interdisciplinary field of research, three protestant schools located in São Paulo were studied, which are associated with three Historical churches (Presbyterian, Methodist and Baptist), as well as the musical repertoire practiced in them, with the intent of attesting if that movement was also present in this historical episode of education n São Paulo. Partitions and musical collections, among other unique material, were used as primary source.

<p>I den här uppsatsen undersöker jag musikelever på gymnasiets estetiska program i Västerås, och vilken effekt undervisningen har på deras musikpreferenser. Resultaten baseras på två enkäter, en till elever och en till lärare. Undersökningen visar att eleverna till största delen är positiva till den musik de möter i skolan, men bara en mindre del av dem lyssnar på den musiken privat.</p> / <p>In this essay, I examine the effect of education regarding musical preferences expressed by students of music at upper secondary school in Västerås. The results are based on two questionnaires, one for the pupils, and one for the teachers of the school. The investigation indicates, that the pupils are largely positive towards the music presented in school, but only a lesser part of them actually listen to it privately.</p>

I den här uppsatsen undersöker jag musikelever på gymnasiets estetiska program i Västerås, och vilken effekt undervisningen har på deras musikpreferenser. Resultaten baseras på två enkäter, en till elever och en till lärare. Undersökningen visar att eleverna till största delen är positiva till den musik de möter i skolan, men bara en mindre del av dem lyssnar på den musiken privat. / In this essay, I examine the effect of education regarding musical preferences expressed by students of music at upper secondary school in Västerås. The results are based on two questionnaires, one for the pupils, and one for the teachers of the school. The investigation indicates, that the pupils are largely positive towards the music presented in school, but only a lesser part of them actually listen to it privately.

Mitt syfte med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka om det finns ett samband mellan de försämrade musikteoretiska kunskaperna bland de sökande till musikhögskolorna och utbudet av teoriundervisning på de svenska musik- och kulturskolorna. För att uppnå detta har jag gjort en kartläggning av förekomsten av musikteori som enskilt ämne på de svenska musik- och kulturskolorna, samt hur denna bedrivs. Jag har använt mig av en enkät som rektorer eller lärare i musikteori har svarat på, samt undersökt antagningsproven (C-proven) i musiklära och satslära från olika år på Ingesunds musikhögskola. Enkätsvaren visar att en tredjedel av dem som svarat, erbjuder musikteori som eget ämne. Dessa skolor hittar vi i både stora och små kommuner medett varierat elevantal. Musikteorin verkar inte ha minskat nämnvärt under de senaste 9 åren. Hos de skolor som inte har teoriundervisning uppges anledningen vara dålig ekonomi, men hos de skolor som har haft, men tvingas lägga ner teoriundervisningen anges orsaken vara bristande elevintresse. Jag har även undersökt lektionernas utformning, lärarnas behörighet, integration av musikteori i instrumentallektionerna och marknadsföring av ämnet. I diskussionen resonerar jag om resultatet kan ge en förklaring till problemet med sjunkande kunskaper i musikteori. Svaren pekar på att det troligtvis inte är ett minskat utbud av musikteori, utan en minskad efterfrågan, som gör att kunskapsnivån har sjunkit. / The purpose of this study is to examine if there is a connection between the diminishing knowledge of music theory of applicants to colleges of music, and the offering of music theory in the Swedish music and culture schools. In order to reach this goal, I conducted a survey of the prevalence of music theory among the Swedish music and culture schools, and how this is organized. I have used a questionnaire in which the principal or the teacher of music theory has responded to, and I have examined the entrance examinations (C-test) in basic theoretical knowledge and harmony from different years at The Music Academy of Ingesund. Survey responses indicate that a third of those who answered, offer music theory as its own subject. These schools can be found in both large and small municipalities, with a varied number of students. Music theory does not seem to have decreased significantly over the past nine years. Among the schools that do not offer music theory, the main reason given for this is a poor economy. But among schools who offered music theory but were forced to discontinue, the main reason given were the students' lack of interest. I have also investigated the structure of the lesson, certified teachers, integration of music theory in instrumental lessons and the marketing of the subject. In the section where I discuss the results, an explanation may be found as to why there appears to be a declining knowledge of music theory. The responses indicate that while music theory is still generally offered as before, there is a reduction in demand, which may cause the knowledge level to decrease.

Submitted by ELIANE HILARIO DA SILVA MARTINOFF null (elmartinoff@hotmail.com) on 2017-04-10T15:15:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 O ENSINO DE MÚSICA NA ESCOLA PÚBLICA BRASILEIRA NO PERÍODO DE VIGÊNCIA DA LEI 5.69271 E SEUS REFLEXOS NA ATUALIDADE..pdf: 1958368 bytes, checksum: 3fafdb6914e05f5eb21d1336a98c4ce4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-04-12T18:02:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 martinoff_ehs_dr_ia.pdf: 1958368 bytes, checksum: 3fafdb6914e05f5eb21d1336a98c4ce4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-12T18:02:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 martinoff_ehs_dr_ia.pdf: 1958368 bytes, checksum: 3fafdb6914e05f5eb21d1336a98c4ce4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-22 / O ensino de música, desde quando instituído oficialmente nas instituições públicas brasileiras, na segunda metade do século XIX, tem passado por transformações e desempenhado diferentes papéis. Com as leis as leis 5.540/68 e 5.692/71, música, teatro, artes plásticas e desenho (substituído mais tarde pela dança), passaram a constituir a Educação Artística. A partir de então, o ensino de música foi perdendo visibilidade e importância. Esta tese aponta alguns pontos principais no processo histórico do ensino de música nesse período, visando esclarecer prováveis consequências para os dias atuais. A pergunta principal é: qual o papel desempenhado pela disciplina música na escola pública brasileira durante a vigência da Lei 5.692/71 e quais as possíveis consequências para seu ensino na atualidade? O referencial teórico baseou-se em Theodore Schultz (1961, 1973) na Teoria do Capital Humano, Jofre Dumazedier (2004), quanto ao conceito de lazer e sua aplicação na educação e Jürgen Habermas (1968), quanto ao conceito de racionalidade da dominação. A metodologia baseou-se no modelo de Dominique Julia (2001), que indica três caminhos para esse estudo: 1. conhecer as normas e finalidades que regem a escola, 2. avaliar a profissionalização do trabalho do educador e 3. analisar os conteúdos ensinados e as práticas escolares. Foram analisados leis, decretos e pareceres referentes a esses aspectos; livros didáticos de música utilizados nas escolas; a formação do docente. Observou-se o lugar e o papel secundários da música na escola pública, vista como lazer dentro da cultura de massa. / The teaching of music, since when established officially in the Brazilian public institutions, in the second half of the 19th century, has undergone transformations and played different roles. With the laws 5,540/68 and 5,692/71, music, theatre, visual arts and design (later replaced by dance), become artistic education. From then on, the music was losing visibility and importance. This thesis aims some main points in the historical process of music education during this period, aiming to clarify probable consequences for the present day. The main question is: what is the role played by music in Brazilian public school discipline during the term of the law 5,692/71 and what the consequences to its teaching today? The theoretical framework is based on Theodore Schultz (1961, 1973) on Human Capital theory, Joffre Dumazedier (2004), about the concept of leisure and its application in education and Jürgen Habermas (1968), about the concept of rationality of domination. The methodology was based on the model of Dominique Julia (2001), indicating three paths for this study: 1. know the rules and governing the school purposes, 2. to assess the professionalization of the work of educator and 3. analyze the content taught and school practices. Was analyzed laws, decrees and opinions relating to these aspects; music textbooks used in schools; the education of the teaching staff. It was observed the secondary place and role of music in public school, seen as leisure within the mass culture.

A pesquisa teve como objetivo estudar as escolas americanas de confissão protestante na província e depois estado se São Paulo, na perspectiva de conhecer como se deu a presença da música nestas escolas. O período que está sendo enfocado nesta pesquisa é de 1870 a 1920. A educação musical no período é um campo particularmente fértil, por não ter sido suficientemente estudada, seja no campo da História da Educação ou no campo da Educação Musical. Neste período, verifica-se uma nova conformação cultural que se deu na sociedade brasileira e, em particular na sociedade paulista, com a presença das denominações protestantes no Brasil e o desenvolvimento de uma rede de escolas americanas protestantes num cenário onde circulavam as tradicionais influências portuguesas, francesas e alemãs. Apoiada na bibliografia, esta pesquisa constatou que essas escolas se apresentavam enquanto a possibilidade de uma melhor formação, que a oferecida pelas escolas nacionais, sendo por isso, apoiadas pelos liberais e republicanos, os quais valorizavam o seu caráter democrático, os métodos atualizados e um particular interesse pela educação feminina. Foi retomado o estudo da inserção da música a partir da Reforma Protestante com o propósito de entender como foi utilizada a música na igreja e para verificar se esta teria influenciado o ensino da música nas escolas americanas dessa confissão. Em seguida foram estudadas três escolas protestantes em São Paulo ligadas a três Igrejas Históricas (Presbiteriana, Metodista e Batista), bem como o repertório musical nelas praticado, com o objetivo de comprovar se aquele movimento se verificou também nesse episódio histórico da educação paulista, trabalhando no campo interdisciplinar de pesquisa. Utilizamos como fontes primárias entre outros materiais inéditos, partituras e coletâneas musicais. / The research aimed at studying American schools professing the protestant faith in the province and then the state of São Paulo, in the perspective of getting to know the ways in which music was present in these schools. The time period focused in this research ranges from 1870 to 1920. Musical education in this period is a particularly rich field as it has not been studied thoroughly enough whether in the field of the History of Education or in that of Musical Education. A new cultural framework is apparent as having taken place in the Brazilian society, markedly in the society of São Paulo, resulting from the presence of protestant denominations in Brazil and the development of a network of American protestant schools in a setting where traditional Portuguese, French and German influences were present. Supported by the bibliography, this research evidenced that these schools seemed to provide better quality of education than that of the national schools, being therefore supported by the liberals and republicans who valued their democratic nature, updated methodology and noteworthy interest in female education. The study of the insertion of music starting with the Protestant Reformation was resumed with the intent of understanding how music was used in the church and to verify if the later may have influenced the teaching of music in the American schools which professed such faith. Afterwards, working in the interdisciplinary field of research, three protestant schools located in São Paulo were studied, which are associated with three Historical churches (Presbyterian, Methodist and Baptist), as well as the musical repertoire practiced in them, with the intent of attesting if that movement was also present in this historical episode of education n São Paulo. Partitions and musical collections, among other unique material, were used as primary source.

Studiens syfte är att ta reda på vad musiklärare på kulturskolor, utan tidigare erfarenhet av distansundervisning, har dragit för lärdomar av att undervisa på distans under pandemin covid-19. Dessutom undersöks på vilka sätt lärare kan tänka sig att undervisa på distans i framtiden samt vilka råd de vill ge till andra som ska ställa om till distans- undervisning. I bakgrundskapitlet ges en bild av hur situationen ser ut när det gäller distansundervisning på kulturskolor under pandemin, samt forskning som rör distans- arbete och undervisning med digital teknik. I teoridelen definieras lärdomar och lärande, samt lärande utifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv. Metoden som används för datainsamling är semistrukturerad kvalitativ intervju. Jag har intervjuat fem musik- lärare från fem olika kulturskolor. I resultatet kartläggs och kategoriseras de lärdomar som framkommit. Dessutom redogörs för olika användningsområden för distans- undervisning, samt råd som kan underlätta vid en framtida omställning. I diskussionen jämförs resultatet med den litteratur och den forskning jag använt mig av i studien. Slutsatsen jag har kommit fram till är att lärarna i studien har lärt sig många olika saker av att undervisa på distans, samt att personliga egenskaper spelar stor roll för hur lyckad omställningen till distansundervisning blir. Lärarna ser flera användnings- områden för distansundervisning, samtidigt som uppfattningen är att metoden inte kan ersätta den interaktion som äger rum vid närundervisning. / The purpose of the study is to examine what music teachers at municipal music and arts schools in Sweden, with no previous experience of online teaching, have learned from teaching remotely during the covid-19 pandemic. The study also examines how teachers might consider teaching remotely in the future and what advice they want to give to others who are going to switch to online teaching. The background chapter gives a picture of the situation regarding distance education at municipal music and arts schools during the pandemic, as well as research on teleworking and teaching with digital technology. The theory defines lessons and learning, as well as learning from a socio- cultural perspective. The method used for data collection is semi-structured qualitative interview. I have interviewed five music teachers from five different municipal music and arts schools in Sweden. The result identifies and categorizes the lessons learned from online teaching. In addition, it describes various uses of online teaching, as well as advice that can facilitate future transitions. In the discussion, the results are being compared with the literature and the research I have used in the study. I have come to the conclusion that the teachers in the study have learned many different lessons from teaching remotely, and that personal qualities play a major part in how successful the transition to online teaching is. Teachers see many uses for online teaching, but a common opinion is that this way of teaching cannot completely replace the interaction that occurs when teaching takes place in person.