Syftet med studien är att bidra med kunskap om pedagogers erfarenheter av att genomföra och bedöma de nationella proven för elever med autism, samt om och i så fall hur de ges stöd i detta arbete.   Autism är förkortningen av autistiskt syndrom. Diagnoser med liknande symtom har slagits ihop till ett namn – Autismspektrumtillstånd. Det som utmärker autism är svårigheterna med socialt samspel.   Metoden som använts är webbenkäter. De är skickade till pedagoger över hela Sverige. Det var svårt att få tag på pedagoger som har grundskoleelever med autism. 156 enkäter skickades ut och 21 svar kom tillbaka.   Resultatet visade att det behövs handledning från olika instanser till pedagogerna för att genomföra och bedöma de nationella proven med elever som har autism. Pedagogerna får inte göra de anpassningar som behövs för att ge eleverna chansen att lyckas. Det är meningen att dessa elever ska vara inkluderade i den vanliga grundskolan. Lärare förväntas möta varje elev utifrån deras förutsättningar. Eleverna skulle behöva få använda sig av samma redskap och stöd som de har vanligtvis. Bedömningen skulle därefter behöva göras tillsammans med specialpedagog eller speciallärare och Skolverket. / The purpose of this study is to contribute knowledge about teachers' experiences in implementing and assessing the national tests for pupils with autism, as well as whether and, if so, how they are supported in this work.   Autism is the abbreviation of autistic syndromes. Diagnoses with similar symptoms have been merged into a name - Autism Spectrum Conditions. What distinguishes autism are difficulties with social interaction.   The method used is web surveys. They are sent to teachers throughout Sweden. It was difficult to get hold of educators who have primary school students with autism. 156 questionnaires were sent out and 21 responses came back.   The results showed the need for guidance from different agencies to educators to implement andevaluate the national tests with students who have autism. Teachers are not allowed to make the adjustments needed to give the students a chance to succeed. It’s intended that these students should be included in mainstream primary school education. Teachers are expected to meet each student based on their circumstances. These students should be allowed to use the same tools and support they usually have. The assessment would then need to be made along with special education professionals and The National Administration for Education.

The aim of this study was to analyze the assessment of the national tests seen from the teacher’s perspective. The national tests are performed in the Swedish school, classes 3, 5, 9, and the upper secondary school (gymnasiet). There has been an ongoing discussion regarding assessment and grading for a long time and it is of high interest now more than ever. The last control assessment done in 2009 by the department of school inspections on the order of the Swedish government, showed big differences between the assessments done by the teachers, and the assessments completed by the department of school inspections. In order to get a good picture of how the teachers are experiencing the execution and assessment of the national tests we interviewed six teachers from the classes that are performing the test. The questions that this study is based on are:  Do the interviewed teachers experience that the basis for assessing the national test is at risk for arbitrary interpretation and hence become unjust and misjudged? Is the professional role of the teacher influenced by the results the students are getting on the national tests? Do the interviewed teachers experience pressure from the head of the school that the students are expected to grade high at the national tests? Lev S Vygotskij, John Dewey, and Howard Gardner have in their research influenced large parts of the daily activity in the Swedish schools. By studying children’s development they suggest several approaches for the students to develop their skills. Korp discuss in hers thesis the inequity that many times occurs in the assessment of the national test in Swedish schools. The results of this study showed that the interviewed teachers were comfortable with the instructions for execution and assessment of the national test. In addition, they also were of the opinion that independent assessment could be more just. However, one issue raised against the independent assessment is that the student the does not have the option of explaining an unclear answer to a question to the assessing teacher. This would not be of benefit for the student which has also been shown in literature and research.

The purpose of this paper is to shed light on how much work and time teachers must spend conducting the national tests in the Swedish subject for grade nine. The aim is also to distinguish possible differences and similarities in the way teachers work and handle these tests. Finally, the essay illustrates how the teachers look at the relationship between the work they set out for the tests and what they ultimately get out of this work. To fulfil this objective, I collected seven teachers' answers on the subject via a large part qualitative survey. I have concluded that the teachers think the tests are good, provided they get enough working time to work with them. However, no teacher in this study is given enough time to properly work with and manage the national tests. This means that the whole process of the national tests results in something negative for the teachers (in this study).

The present study offers an initial exploration of the implications of metaphoric competence in L2 writing in the Swedish educational context. Metaphors from a cognitive perspective, are a core part of our daily lives. Moreover, they are a reflection of our thoughts and cognition, and an important part of every student learning path towards mastering a second language. The development of metaphoric competence, which includes the ability to understand and produce metaphors, can contribute substantially to second language proficiency. This paper examines the extent to which students obtaining the highest grades in the Swedish national test for grade 9 use metaphors in comparison to students who get the lowest grades and see whether there is a difference in the metaphoric comptence among students. For the study, 20 essays were analysed using the metaphor identification procedure (MIP). Finally, the paper explores the educational implications of these results in the EFL classroom.

This thesis examines teachers’ voices on the latest curriculum reform and how teachers experience the impact of the reform on their teaching. The aim of this study is to contribute to knowledge about the conditions of the implementation of a new reform and how the reform controls and empowers teachers’ teaching. I examine the issue using the concepts from curriculum theory and implementation theory as well as visible and invisible pedagogy. Primary school teachers, Grades 1-3 (n=224) within an entire municipality responded to an extensive questionnaire concerning their relation to the reform. The questionnaire was developed from qualitative interviews and questionnaires with open questions. The new curriculum reform tends towards increased control but the results show that the majority of teachers consider both the curriculum and the national examinations for Grade 3 as a support in their teaching and assessment. Most teachers express that the recent curriculum increases their professionalism. Yet there is a tension between positive and negative experiences of the reform, as some teachers express that the new curriculum and the national tests limit their professional freedom while other teachers express that they would like even more detailed support and guidance. There are also teachers who think it is too early to introduce goals, in the form of knowledge requirements and national tests, because it violates the students’ right to develop at their own pace based on their prerequisites. Further, most teachers in the study state that they have been affected by the goals and the national tests, but at a school level a common plan in mathematics and routines to discuss the goals of mathematics education is often lacking. The study also shows that national tests are not used in order to improve the mathematics results of the whole school. The factor analysis shows that there are differences between teachers’ voices depending on their age, their teaching experience, and if they are graduated before or after the reform of 1994. The different expressions can be linked to teachers’ voices of teacher professionalism, of student learning and maturity. The results of the study are of interest for various actors at different educational levels like politicians, curriculum authors and principals. By taking part of the study they have the opportunity to gain more knowledge of how to create good conditions to support teachers to enact the curriculum in their classrooms.

This work studied the information flow and information handling among different parties. The study focused on how educational materials on national tests from The Swedish National Agency for Education is managed by school principals and teachers and how the information is passed on to students. The data material was based on observations and interviews at two different high schools. Six teachers and their classes and principals participated in the study. The Agency was also interviewed. The results showed that opinions on the role of the national test varies between different teachers and the Agency. The study also showed that the dissemination of information in the schools is inadequate, information documents do not reach their target audience, and those who have access to the information do not read enough. This is partly due to lack of follow-up from the responsibles at the schools, but also teachers who do not seek out information that is available themselves. These shortcomings result in teachers carrying out national tests with their classes without being properly briefed, which could have consequences for both the students and the entire test system.

The purpose of this essay was to investigate how teachers’ assessments in the SwedishUpper Secondary School are affected by the national tests in English language courses.By conducting a qualitative investigation in the shape of interviews with six teachers, Iaimed to show how the teachers feel that their profession is affected by the nationaltesting, whether it is positive or negative. This was done whilst also examining thenational tests within the context of school-developmental theory and assessment theory.The Swedish School Inspectorate have shown repeatedly in reports that there is a greatdiscrepancy regarding how students are assessed on a school-to-school basis which issomething that they wish to inhibit, as the Swedish school-system encouragesequivalency-based assessment. The national tests also tend to add stress both due to theadditional workload that the teachers experience, but also for the students who feelpressured to perform well under difficult testing situations.Since national testing in English is an annual assessment in Sweden teachers arecontinuously exposed to an additional workload at the end of each school year, whilststill being expected to handle their regular workload. To investigate how teachers feelabout the national tests in regards to how they perform their final assessments cantherefore be of importance, as it can provide us with an additional viewpoint as toexplain how or why national testing is or is not working in its current state.The results of the study show that although teachers find the national tests helpful sinceit provides them with additional material for assessment, the stress and additionalworkload does not outweigh the positives. There is also a tendency expressed that thenational tests tend to confirm what previous material has already shown regardingstudents. One suggestion for how the national tests can be bettered is to centralizemarking, as that would allow teachers to focus on teaching rather than worry aboutmarking. Overall, the results therefore show a negative impact on the teachers’ work.

Matematiska kompetenser uttrycker i den moderna svenska skolan vad det är att kunna matematik. Att bättre förstå hur elever använder sig av matematiska kompetenser kan således vägleda en informerad utveckling för hur svensk matematikutbildning ska förbättras. Denna studiens mål är att besvara de två frågeställningarna: “Vilka matematiska kompetenser har gymnasieelever lättast respektive svårast för?” samt “Uppvisar elever som läser kurserna matematik 2b och 2c skillnader i de kompetenser de besitter?”. För att besvara frågeställningarna granskas uppgifter från tidigare givna nationella prov i Matematik 2b och 2c på gymnasiet för att bestämma de matematiska kompetenser som testas. Klassificeringen av kompetenser görs utifrån kompetensramverket Mathematical Competency Research Framework (MCRF). Baserat på uppgifternas lösningsstatistik bestäms för var och en av studiens sex matematiska kompetenser det relativa kompetensvärdet som är ett mått på hur väl eleverna behärskar en given kompetens. I en jämförelse av kompetensernas relativa kompetensvärde för två olika provår, vårterminerna 2013 och 2014, kommer studien fram till att procedurkompetensen är en av de lättare kompetenserna medan problemlösningskompetensen är en av de svåraste. I jämförelsen mellan kurserna 2b och 2c konstaterar studien att problemlösningskompetensen är markant svårare för eleverna som läser Matematik 2b än för 2c. / Mathematical competencies expresses in the modern Swedish school what it is to know mathematics. To better understand how students use mathematical competencies could guide an informed development for the improvement of Swedish mathematics education. The goal of this study is to answer two questions: “Which mathematical competencies does upper secondary school students find to be the easiest and most difficult respectively?”and “Do students who take course 2b and 2c show differences in the competencies they master?”. To answer these questions exercises from previous national tests are studied to determine which mathematical competencies are tested. The classification of the competenciesis made using the competency framework Mathematical Competency Research Framework (MCRF). Based on data of the success rate of the test exercises each competency gets awarded its relative competency value which measures how well students master a given competency. In a comparison of the competencies’ relative competency value for two different test years, spring semester of 2013 and 2014, the study finds that the procedural competency is one of the easier competencies while the problem solving competency is one of the mostdifficult ones. In the comparison between course 2b and 2c the study establishes that the problem solving competency is significantly more difficult for the students taking course 2b than 2c.

As digital technology becomes increasingly integrated into educational systems worldwide, it is crucial to examine its impact on teaching methods and assessment practices. This study focuses on the views of English teachers in Swedish compulsory schools regarding the digitalization of national tests, providing valuable insights into their attitudes, preferences, and concerns. Surveys conducted with 66 teachers revealed a diverse range of perspectives on digitalization. While many educators expressed reservations about the ongoing efforts to digitize schools, particularly in relation to their alignment with educational goals in English language instruction, there was also a more positive outlook towards the digitalization of national tests. Teachers acknowledged potential benefits, such as the use of artificial intelligence for grading to reduce their workload, but also had concerns about how digitalization may affect student learning outcomes. Some teachers worried that students may comprehend texts more effectively in traditional paper-based formats than in digital mediums and expressed concerns about potential distractions during digital assessments. Preferences for the use of digital tools varied among teachers, with some advocating for minimal reliance on such tools to mitigate distractions and challenges related to time management. This research highlights the complex relationship between digitalization and teaching practices in Swedish schools, emphasizing the need for further research and targeted professional development. By addressing teachers' concerns and utilizing the insights gained from this study, educational stakeholders can effectively integrate digital tools to enhance teaching and learning outcomes in Swedish English classrooms.

<p>This essay aims to study how national tests in the ninth grade are being viewed upon in the Swedish school system. What are the affected people’s thoughts regarding its field of application? For further information about this matter, three different sub studies have taken place. In the first sub study, literature from The Swedish National Agency for Education (SNAE) has been studied and compared to other researches. In the second sub study, pupils who took part in the national tests during the previous year answered a survey about their experiences working with the tests. The third sub study includes interviews with 12 teachers who all work with national tests in the ninth grade. These teachers were asked questions about their experiences working with the national tests. Results from the three sub studies are discussed thoroughly and are being brought together through a neo-rationalistic perspective in the discussion part of the essay. The major conclusion made is that there is a difference between the guidelines given by SNAE and how the affected people within the schools look upon the test system.</p>