This thesis discusses the role of institutions in promoting public interest within the context of cultural and natural heritage conservation. Due to the fact that the concept of public interest is controversial and may differ from one context to another, and that there are numerous institutions, the role of institutions in public interest promoting process limited to the context of conservation. A large number of public institutions develop policies that have significant implications for the conservation of cultural and natural resources in Turkey. The aim of these policies is to promote public interest by safeguarding natural and cultural assets. Moreover conservation institutions adopt different public interest approaches based on their establishment laws, therefore they carry out different activities to attain the objectives of their institutions. Consequently, promotion public interest by such institutions becomes even more ambiguous under these circumstances. Within this context, the G&ouml / kova case provides a good basis for the investigation of the ways in which public institutions conduct their activities in the quest to promote public interest.

Based around the concepts of landscape and identity, this thesis examines several contemporary debates in the Shetland Islands with a view to finding out more about where people in this group of islands currently ‘are’ in terms of their geographical and cultural location, from both a local and non-local perspective. Drawing on a multi-method approach, including textual analysis, participant observation and semi-structured interviews, the study points to the often complex and contentious relationship between power structures and notions of local versus national interests, particularly in the areas of landscape management and nature conservation. The image of Shetland is also discussed in some detail, revealing the importance of how this island group is perceived both outside the islands and among people living in Shetland. It becomes evident, in this context, that ideas associated with ‘northness’ and ‘remoteness’ can be understood as something quite problematic while, at the same time, such ideas can also be used as an asset with which to brand the islands to external markets. The study is set against a backdrop of devolved power structures, nation building and the upcoming referendum on Scottish independence. From a broader perspective, the thesis ties in with a more general discourse in which local and place specific studies are gaining increasing importance in what is frequently referred to as a rapidly globalizing world.

Os impactos negativos das atividades humanas no ambiente vêm historicamente acelerando a transformação e a degradação das paisagens no mundo. Atualmente, a questão socioambiental vem sendo colocada em pauta diante deste cenário, fazendo com que a implantação de reservas naturais protegidas ganhe importância, pois constituem um dos pilares da proteção da biodiversidade, contribuindo sobremaneira na manutenção dos serviços ecossistêmicos gerados pelos processos naturais. Mesmo com os avanços e benefícios desta estratégia de conservação in situ, há desafios a serem superados. Em linhas gerais, as ameaças às áreas naturais protegidas variam amplamente conforme o contexto, porém, as consequências geralmente conduzem à fragmentação, degradação e perda de hábitat em seu entorno ou podem ainda atingir diretamente as reservas. Nesta direção, a presente pesquisa tem como área de estudo a Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) Sesc Pantanal e seu entorno, sendo esta a mais extensa unidade de conservação do Brasil nesta categoria, localizada no município de Barão de Melgaço, Mato Grosso. O objetivo geral deste estudo visa compreender os elementos da paisagem pantaneira no âmbito da RPPN e seu entorno, para verificar as causas e os efeitos das principais pressões e ameaças à sua conservação, visando identificar áreas vulneráveis e propor mecanismos de monitoramento. Portanto, esta pesquisa, de caráter aplicado, poderá auxiliar no processo de gestão da RPPN contribuindo para o planejamento e conservação da paisagem. Sendo uma pesquisa essencialmente interdisciplinar, os métodos e procedimentos operacionais foram definidos a partir da articulação entre abordagens quantitativas e qualitativas. Com relação à natureza das fontes de informações, foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica para o levantamento de dados secundários e os dados primários foram obtidos através de pesquisa documental e pesquisa de campo com os sujeitos envolvidos por meio de diferentes técnicas, tais como: observação direta, análise documental, entrevistas não dirigidas e semi-estruturadas e oficinas de planejamento. A análise dos dados teve como apoio os recursos da cartografia digital, da multirreferencialidade, ou triangulação, das observações, escutas (entrevistas) e fala (oficina de planejamento). Como principal base conceitual, esta pesquisa faz uso da noção da paisagem cultural para compreender as dimensões nas quais as áreas naturais protegidas se inserem, incorporando aspectos sociais, ambientais e econômicos. No contexto amplo brasileiro, foram identificados 18 tipos de pressões e ameaças relacionadas às unidades de conservação e seu entorno, dos quais 07 estão presentes na área de estudo, quais sejam: desmatamento; remoção de fauna; pesca predatória; turismo e recreação; deposição de resíduos; incêndios de origem antrópica e narcotráfico. Quanto ao grau de importância de cada aspecto, os levantamentos indicaram a pesca predatória e o narcotráfico como as mais relevantes ameaças à proteção da paisagem em estudo. Portanto, os resultados demonstraram um campo heterogêneo quanto aos pontos de vistas relacionados à conservação da paisagem, possibilitando desvelar aspectos significativos, porém até então obscuros da vulnerabilidade, para a definição das estratégias de conservação efetiva na Reserva, indo além de suas fronteiras espaciais e do alcance de sua capacidade de gestão. / Anthropogenic negative impacts on the environment have catalyzed landscape transformation and degradation over time. In the present time, social-environmental issues have been more and more addressed facing this scenario. Thus the implementation of nature reserves have become more relevant, once it constitutes one of the main pillars of biodiversity protection, and so highly contributing to the maintenance of ecosystem services. Despite all benefits coming from this in situ conservation strategy, there is a range of challenges to be overcome. In general, threats towards nature reserves vary according to the context in which they are inserted. However their consequences usually lead to fragmentation, degradation and habitat loss in its surroundings and within the nature reserve itself. The present work\'s study site was the Sesc Pantanal Private Reserve of Natural Heritage (PRNH, or RPPN - Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural), the largest in Brazil in its category, located in the municipality of Barão de Melgaço, state of Mato Grosso. This work aimed the understanding of landscape elements within the PRNH and its surroundings through the verification of cause-effect mechanisms amongst the main pressures and threats to its conservation, and so identifying vulnerable areas and proposing monitoring strategy suggestions. Therefore, this applied research might assist in the management of the Sesc Pantanal PRNH, specifically concearning planning and landscape conservation. The interdisciplinary character of this work demanded both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Secondary data were accessible through literature consultation. Primary data were acquired through a documentation survey and the field surveys with different stakeholders (e.g., direct observation, unguided interviews, semi structured interviews, and planning workshops). Data analysis has been supported by digital cartography and triangulation of field-acquired data. The adopted conceptual framework is based on the idea of cultural landscape, allowing the comprehension of social, environmental and economic aspects related to the nature reserve. The study has found 18 types of pressures and threats to conservation units in Brazil, from which 07 of them influence the study site: deforestation; fauna suppression; predatory fishing; tourism and recreation; waste disposal; anthropic-related fires; and illegal drug trade. The most relevant impacts in the area were predatory fishing and illegal drug trade. According to the present study, the conservation of this particular landscape relies on heterogeneous elements, what unveils its vulnerability and enables the development of more effective conservation strategies that pervade the PRNH itself and its management capacity.

O Parque Nacional do Jaú unidade de conservação de proteção integral protegida pelo SNUC (Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação da Natureza) localiza-se, aproximadamente, 200km a noroeste de Manaus e está inserido dentro dos limites territoriais dos municípios de Barcelos e Novo Airão, no estado do Amazonas. Sendo o maior Parque Nacional do Brasil com 2.272.000 hectares, cobrindo a segunda maior extensão de florestas tropicais úmidas contínuas do mundo na Amazônia, foi criado com o objetivo de proteger a bacia hidrográfica do Rio Negro, sua biodiversidade e seus recursos naturais. Reconhecido por paisagens notáveis e de beleza natural, por importantes processos ecológicos e biológicos relacionados à conservação da biodiversidade, e por ser detentor de importantes formações naturais relevantes tanto para a Ciência quanto à História da Humanidade, o PNJ foi selecionado como área de proteção do patrimônio natural da Humanidade pela Convenção da UNESCO (Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, Ciência e Cultura). No ano de 1993 é estabelecido um convênio de co-gestão do PNJ entre o IBAMA (Instituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Naturais Renováveis) e a Fundação Vitória Amazônica (FVA), responsável pela elaboração do Plano de Manejo do Parque, cuja adoção de uma postura de envolver os moradores no planejamento, nas ações de manejo, criando espaços de discussão e socialização de experiências, possibilitou a consolidação da UC, definindo, assim, normas para o acesso e utilização dos recursos naturais (previstos no SNUC) vinculadas às necessidades de sobrevivência da população tradicional residente no Parque. / The Parque Nacional do Jaú protected areas by SNUC (National System of Units of Nature Conservation) is located, approximately, 200km northwest of Manaus and it is within the territorial limits of the municipalities of Barcelos and Novo Airão in the state of Amazonas. Being the biggest National Park of Brazil with 2.272.000 hectares, covering the second largest extension of continuous humid tropical forests (rain forests) of the world in Amazônia, it was created in order to protect the watershed of Rio Negro, its biodiversity and its natural resources. It is recognized for outstanding landscapes and natural beauty, for important ecological and biological processes related to the conservation of biodiversity, and for being responsible for important natural formations relevant both for Science and for the History of Humanity, the PNJ (Parque Nacional do Jaú) was selected as a protection area of natural heritage of Humanity by the Convention of UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). It is established in 1993 an agreement of management of PNJ between IBAMA (Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources) and Vitória Amazônica Foundation (FVA), responsible for the elaboration of the Park Management Plan, whose adoption of a posture to involve the dwellers in the planning, in the actions of management, creating spaces for discussion and socialization of experiences, enabled the consolidation of UC (protected area), defining this way, norms for access and use of natural resources (planned in the SNUC) linked to the needs of survival of the traditional population resident in the Park.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-05-15T20:02:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 viniciuscamposdealmeida.pdf: 3230677 bytes, checksum: cc94cfae1c496f3ef9e4cf6b52fcd52f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-17T16:05:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 viniciuscamposdealmeida.pdf: 3230677 bytes, checksum: cc94cfae1c496f3ef9e4cf6b52fcd52f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-17T16:05:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 viniciuscamposdealmeida.pdf: 3230677 bytes, checksum: cc94cfae1c496f3ef9e4cf6b52fcd52f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-28 / A busca da compreensão da complexidade das florestas tropicais tem relevância cada vez mais reconhecida em políticas de conservação e de recuperação de ecossistemas degradados e qualidade ambiental de paisagens alteradas. A presença humana tornou-se, a partir dos cinco últimos séculos, um fator de destituição da identidade da Floresta Atlântica, tornando-o um dos domínios naturais mais ameaçados do mundo, onde são raros os testemunhos de florestas primitivas. Iniciativas de conservação dos remanescentes florestais representam uma possibilidade de salvaguarda da Floresta Atlântica. Reservas Particulares do Patrimônio Natural (RPPNs) surgem como uma importante instrumento na busca da intermediação de aspectos sociais, econômicos e ambientais. A porção setentrional da Mantiqueira Sul possui poucas Unidades de Conservação e a identidade única e relevância conservacionista de seus ecossistemas florestais ainda não são devidamente reconhecidas. Tal situação provavelmente se deve a uma lacuna no conhecimento desses remanescentes. Visando contribuir para o conhecimento científico dessa região, foram realizados em três RPPNs (Brejo Novo - BN; Mato Limpo - ML; e Fazenda da Serra - FS) inventários fitossociológicos (DAP ≥ 5 cm) de um hectare de floresta em cada uma e análises estratificadas com DAPs ≥ 5, 10 e 30 cm. Foi feita também a comparação de dados obtidos com os de outros levantamentos de trechos da Floresta Atlântica considerados “bem conservados” ou “maduros”. Para a verificação das influências florísticas e fitogeográficas foram compiladas a distribuição geográfica e status de conservação das espécies identificadas e analisados padrões fitogeográficos e influências ambientais dentro de um contexto de 897 áreas da Floresta Atlântica. Foram registrados nas três áreas 5501 indivíduos, pertencentes a 374 espécies. Brejo Novo contabilizou 167 espécies, ML contabilizou 173 espécies e FS contabilizou 227 espécies. O índice de diversidade de espécies (H’) foi, para BN, ML e FS, respectivamente, de 4,36; 4,33; e 4,70 nats.ind-1. A equabilidade (J) foi 0,85; 0,84; e 0,87, respectivamente. A área basal total foi de 32,94; 37,83; e 44,86 m².ha-1, respectivamente. A análise estratificada do componente arbóreo propiciou uma visão menos estática das relações florísticas e estruturais das florestas, favorecendo melhor compreensão do andamento do processo sucessional e demonstrando que interpretações acerca desse processo, baseadas somente no percentual de espécies raras, podem propiciar interpretações equivocadas. Dentro da tendência geral dos dados, conclui-se que os valores percentuais de árvores mortas apresentados pelas três áreas de estudo não se mostraram bons indicadores de seu status de conservação. Os padrões encontrados evidenciam as áreas de estudo como referenciais da variabilidade natural da Floresta Atlântica em seu processo sucessional tardio. A comparação das três áreas com o conjunto das áreas tomadas como referência reforça esse achado. A flora encontrada demonstra forte influência do domínio fitogeográfico atlântico, particularmente da Floresta Ombrófila. O percentual de espécies exclusivas de cada uma das três áreas demonstra o alto valor de substituição de espécies ao longo do gradiente formado entre elas, ao redor do qual se ajuntam influências florísticas variadas. Esse grupo de contribuições exclusivas também é constituído principalmente por espécies pouco representadas em número de indivíduos. Essas características, chave da relevância das áreas de estudo, também apontam para a singularidade dessa porção da Mantiqueira para a conservação da Floresta Atlântica. Assim, também fica evidenciada a importante contribuição das RPPNs como instrumento voluntário, capaz de salvaguardar o que escapa às prioridades estabelecidas pelas políticas públicas de conservação. / The quest to understand the complexity of tropical forests has had its relevance recognized in policies for the conservation and recovery of degraded ecosystems, and of environmental quality in altered landscapes. The presence of man has become, along the past five centuries, a factor of destitution of the identity of the Atlantic Forest, making it one of the most endangered natural domains of the world, where testimonies of primitive forests are rare. Initiatives for the conservation of forest remainders represent an opportunity to safeguard the Atlantic Forest, and the Private Reserves of Natural Heritage (RPPN) emerge as an important tool to pursue intermediation of social, economic, and environmental aspects. The northern portion of the South Mantiqueira has few protected areas, and the unique identity and conservationist importance of its forest ecosystems are not yet duly recognized. This situation is probably due to a lack of knowledge about those forest remainders. In order to contribute to scientific knowledge about the area, phytosociological inventories (DBH ≥ 5 cm) were performed in one hectare of forest in each of the three Private Reserves of Natural Heritage (Brejo Novo - BN, Mato Limpo - ML, and Fazenda da Serra - FS), followed by stratified analyses with DBHs ≥ 5, 10 and 30 cm. A comparison was also made between data thus obtained and data obtained in surveys of other stretches of the Atlantic Forest considered "well-maintained" or "mature". In order to verify the floristic and phytogeographic influences, the geographical distribution and conservation status of the species identified were compiled, then phytogeographic patterns and environmental influences were analyzed within a context of 897 areas of the Atlantic Forest. In the three areas were recorded 5501 individuals belonging to 374 species. BN had 167 species, ML had 173 species and FS had 227 species. The species diversity index (H') was respectively 4.36; 4.33; and 4.70 nats.ind-1 for BN, ML, FS. The evenness (J) was 0.85; 0.84; 0.87, respectively. The total basal area was 32.94; 37.83; and 44.86 m².ha-1, respectively. Stratified analysis of the arboreal component provided a less static view of the floristic and structural relations of forests, fostering a better understanding of the progress of the succession process, and demonstrating that interpretations of this process based only on the percentage of rare species can promote misinterpretations. Within the general trend of data collected, we may conclude that the percentages of dead trees seen in the three areas of study were not good indicators of the conservation status of those areas. The patterns found show that the areas of study are referential of the natural variability of the Atlantic Forest, in their late succession process. The comparison between those three areas and the group of areas taken as a reference reinforces this finding. The flora found shows a strong influence of the Atlantic phytogeographic domain, especially of the Ombrophilous Forest. The percentages of species that are exclusive of each of the three areas demonstrate the high proportion of species replacement along the gradient formed between them, around which varied floristic influences are gathered. This group of unique contributions is also composed mainly of species represented by a small number of individuals. These characteristics, a key of the relevance of the study areas, also point to the uniqueness of this portion of the Mantiqueira for the conservation of the Atlantic Forest. Thus, we hope to highlight the important contribution of private reserves as a voluntary instrument able to safeguard that which is not included in the priorities set by public conservation policies.

À l’heure où la notion de ville durable s’inscrit au cœur des objectifs des politiques d’aménagement urbain, la nature revient sur le devant de la scène. Il en est ainsi pour ce qui concerne l’Agglomération lyonnaise où, dans leurs démarches visant à écrire la ville d’aujourd’hui et de demain, les acteurs confèrent à la « restauration » de la nature en ville une place majeure. En effet, alors que, longtemps, la présence de la nature dans les villes n’était regardée que comme l’un des éléments consubstantiels au tissu urbain, l’émergence des préoccupations écologistes dans le champ politique a, à partir des années 1990, changé la donne : aujourd’hui, les espaces de nature constituent l’une des pièces prépondérantes dans la panoplie des outils et des mesures mobilisés par les aménageurs pour répondre aux problématiques des villes contemporaines et concevoir la ville de demain. La question des relations entre ville et nature recouvre un champ sémantique complexe conduisant à soulever nombre d’interrogations, auxquelles la présente recherche tente de répondre. Comment et quand les politiques prennent-ils en compte la place de la nature dans la ville ? Au service de qui ? Au service de quoi ? Et à quelles fins ?Ce travail s’appuie sur deux études de cas, complémentaires l’une de l’autre. La première s’applique à analyser la façon dont les instances politiques lyonnaises communiquent sur la nature auprès de leurs administrés depuis vingt ans : de 1989 (élection de Michel Noir à la fonction de maire de Lyon) à 2009 (sous la mandature actuelle de Gérard Collomb).La seconde étude s’est appliquée à analyser les représentations, propres aux acteurs politiques, de la nature en milieu urbain : la patrimonialisation de la nature est apparue, simultanément aux préoccupations environnementales, comme un outil efficace pour prendre en compte la nature en ville. / In the current epoch when the concept of the sustainable city is at the heart of urban development policy objectives, nature has returned to front stage. This is certainly the case with regard to the agglomeration of Lyon where, in their substantial effort to pin-point the city of today and tomorrow, the chief proponents confer a major role on the "restoration" of nature in the city. Indeed, for a long time, the presence of nature in cities was regarded as only one of several integral elements of the urban fabric, however, the emergence of ecological preoccupations in the political field has, from the 1990s, changed these circumstances: today, natural spaces constitute a predominant factor in the range of tools and actions mobilised by developers to meet the challenges of contemporary cities and to design the city of tomorrow.The question of the relationship between the city and nature covers a complex semantic field that leads to numerous investigations, which this present research attempts to answer. How and when do policies consider the role of nature in the city? At the service of whom? With what objectives? To what ends?This work is based on two case studies, each complementary to the other. The first seeks to analyse the means by which the political administrators of Lyon communicate the theme of nature to their constituents over a twenty year period: from 1989 (the election of Michel Noir to the office of Mayor of Lyon) to 2009 (under the current term of Gerard Collomb ) .The second study is applied to analyse representations made, specific to the political administrators involved, of nature within the urban milieu : the role of the heritage of nature becomes apparent, simultaneous with environmental concerns, as an effective tool to define nature in the city .

This thesis deals with cultural and natural heritage in the region of South Bohemia, in particular the relationship of cultural and natural heritage for tourism and joint action on the development of the region. The theoretical part is characterized by a general culture, the cultural and natural heritage, heritage conservation legislation and its financing in the Czech Republic, cultural tourism. It deals with the relationship of heritage conservation and tourism. The practical part of this work assesses the current state of cultural and natural heritage and exploit the potential for the development of tourism in the region. Finds the conditions for its further development and provides for limiting factors of development.

No description available.

This study explores nature as a source of inspiration in Zulu poetry. With the exception of the introductory and concluding chapters all chapters are structurally similar. Each chapter consists of an introduction, communication of meaning, elements of poetry employed to communicate meaning, types of poems and observations and conclusion. Chapter 1 deals with the aim of the study, definition of terms, motivation, delimitation of scope of study and research methodology. Chapter 2 discuses poetry of the period between 1935 and 1945. Chapter 3 looks at poetry of the period between 1946 and 1955. Chapter 4 deals with poetry of the period between 1956 and 1965. Chapter 5 investigates poetry of the period between 1966 and 1975. Chapter 6 focuses on observations and conclusion. / African Languages / MA (African Languages)

Cette thèse s’inscrit dans une perspective compréhensive des processus de patrimonialisation de grands sites naturels bretons, de leur découverte à leur réhabilitation, ici la pointe du Raz, le cap Fréhel et la côte sauvage de Quiberon. Ces promontoires littoraux, objets inventés au 19e siècle, sont devenus au fil du temps des supports d’oeuvres littéraires et picturales, d’introspection et de fascination exercée par la puissance des éléments marins. Ces lieux ont accueilli depuis les années 1950 des fréquentations touristiques de plus en plus importantes, ayant provoqué des phénomènes de mise à nu des sols, que l’administration de l’Environnement a jugé menaçants pour leur intégrité. Il y a une trentaine d’années, elle a donc décliné une politique de réhabilitation dont la matérialisation principale fut la conduite d’‘Opérations Grands Sites’. De quelle manière ces projets de réhabilitation sont-ils menés et selon quelles doctrines ? Comment prennent-ils en compte les différents usages et valeurs attribuées à ces patrimoines ? Cette thèse analyse les aménagements, désaménagements et réaménagements de ces sites, l’imbrication de la montée de la doctrine écologique et des jeux d’acteurs qui s’y développent, et, interroge leur incidence sur le patrimoine et les modalités de son appropriation, ce que nous appelons le processus de patrimonialisation. La première partie retrace la patrimonialisation des grands sites naturels emblématiques de France, leur invention (chapitre 1), les politiques publiques mises en place en vue de leur protection (chapitre 2 et 3), et se focalise sur nos terrains d’étude (chapitre 4). La seconde partie montre les évolutions du cadre doctrinal, organisationnel et normatif de l’action publique, favorisant la protection de l’environnement et l’aménagement touristique. Elle montre le renouvellement des principes d’action publique (chapitre 5) et les transformations des espaces induites par les doctrines et les jeux d’acteurs (chapitre 6 et 7). Enfin, la troisième partie aborde les effets de ces réhabilitations sur le patrimoine et le processus de patrimonialisation contemporains (chapitre 8 et 9) et propose une réflexion sur la dimension normative des opérations de réhabilitation : nous démontrons qu’elles sont constitutives du processus de patrimonialisation. / This work analyzes in a comprehensive perspective the heritage making of the Brittanygreat sites, namely the point of Raz, the cape of Fréhel and the wild coast of Quiberon. These coastal headlands, objects invented in 19th century, became over time supports of literary and pictorial works, of introspection and fascination exercised by the power of the marine elements. Since the 1950s, aincrease of tourist attendances has led to the degradation of their ecosystems, that the administration of the Environment considered that’s a threat for their integrity. Thirty years ago, this administration introduced a policy of rehabilitation the main realization of which was the conduct of « Opérations Grands Sites ». How are these projects of rehabilitation led and according to which doctrines? How dothey take into account the various uses and the values attributed to these heritages? This thesis analyzes the land planning, dis-planning and re-planning of these sites, the rise of the ecological doctrine and stakeholders' interactions and questions their incidence about the heritage and the modalities of its appropriation, that we call the process of heritage making. The first part redraws the heritage making of the big symbolic natural sites of France, their invention (chapter 1), the public policies creation with the purpose of their protection (chapter 2 and3), and a more precisely a focus on our study fields (chapter 4). The second part shows the evolutionsof the doctrinal, organizational and normative dimension of the public action, favoring the environmental protection and the tourist development. It shows the renewal of the principles of publicaction (chapter 5) and the transformations of the spaces, which it led from stakeholders' interactions in presence (chapter 6 and 7). Finally, the third part approaches the effects of these rehabilitations on contemporary heritage and process of heritage making (chapter 8 and 9) and proposes a reflection on the normative dimension of the operations of rehabilitation. We make the demonstration that they area part of the process of heritage making.