Although a child's right to parental care and family life is constitutionally entrenched, many South African children are deprived of this right. Transcultural adoption could serve their need but historically this has been prohibited or discouraged by racist policies. Whether this is in keeping with the now non-racial South African society is questionable. In adoption the best interests of the child is paramount and in determining this, courts should balance children's constitutional rights to their culture of origin against their constitutional rights to non-discrimination. After considering arguments for and against transcultural adoption and the position in the United States and the United Kingdom, the writer suggests that further interdisciplinary research into the question is necessary in South Africa; inter-country adoption should be considered and law reform and governmental policy should facilitate these. / Private Law / LL. M. (Law)

Text in Afrikaans / Summaries in English and Afrikaans / Narratiewe navors:ing is gedoen om vas te stel watter rol geloof speel in die aanneemgesin. Onderhoudvoering met aanneemouers het die kernfaktor in die funksionering van die gesin as die aanvaarding of verwerping van die verskil tussen gesinne wat deur aanneming saamgestel is en gesinne wat deur geboorte saamgestel is, uitgewys. V erwerping strem verhoudinge binne die gesin, maak die gesin kwesbaar vir stres en vervreemding tussen ouer en kind. Aanvaarding, aan die antler kant, beteken dat die ouer die behoefte van sy kind om met sy natuurlike ouers in aanrak:ing te kom, erken. So 'n houding bring 'n verbetering in die ouer-kindverhouding mee en gevolglik ook in die vennoe om ontwikkelingskrisisse te hanteer. Geloofkan 'n rol speel om an.gs en selftwyfel by die aanneemouers as gevolg van die onnatuurlike samestelling van die gesin te besweer, sodat hulle die verskil aanvaar en sodoende 'n gesonder perspektief op gesinwees ontwikkel. / Narrative research was done in order to establish the role of faith in the adoptive family. In interviews with adoptive parents it was found that the crucial factor in the functioning of the family is the acceptance or rejection of the differences between families created by adoption and those created by childbirth. Rejection hampers relationships within the family and renders it vulnerable to stress and enstrangement between parent and child. Acceptance on the other hand means that the parent recognises the need of the child to connect with his birth parents. This latter attitude results in improved relationships between parent and child and in more effectiveness in coping with developmental crises. Faith can play a role to cl.ispell the anxciety and self-doubt of adoptive parents resulting from the unnatural constitution of their family, accept the differences and in that way may contribute to a healthier perspective on the family. / Philosophy, Practical & Systematic Theology / M.Th.(Pastoral Theraphy)

Le droit administratif coréen se trouve caractérisé depuis peu par une tentative d'adoption du droit du service public. Cette tentative signifie un mouvement pour faire évoluer le droit administratif par le dépasse-ment de ses fondements classiques en provenance du droit allemand, notamment des doctrines fondamentales élaborées à la fin du 19ème siècle. La tentative se manifeste par l'introduction de règles générales pour les activités du service public. Cependant, la mise en œuvre de ces règles novatrices pour le droit coréen ne sera cohérente que lorsque certaines conditions seront satisfaites, notamment des conditions procédurales telle que l'élargissement de la recevabilité du contentieux administratif. Nous avons relevé des éléments dont on doit tenir compte pour le changement du droit administratif coréen par l'adoption du droit du service public français afin que l'adoption soit opérationnelle. Cette démarche est fondée sur l'analyse de l'état actuel du droit coréen concernant l'idée de service public et les juridictions publiques / Korean administrative law is characterized recently by an attempt to adopt the law of public service. This means a movement attempting to change the administrative law by exceeding its classical foundations from German law, including fundamental doctrines developed in the late 19th century. The attempt is mani-fested by the introduction of general rules for public service activities. However, the implementation of these innovative rules for Korean law will be consistent only when certain conditions are met, including procedu-ral requirements such as enlargement of the admissibility of administrative litigation. We identified elements that must be considered for change of Korean administrative law by adoption of the French law of public ser-vice se that it could be operational. This approach is based on the analysis of the current state of Korean law regarding the idea of public service and public jurisdictions

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:20:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Fernando Lopes Abelha.pdf: 21298516 bytes, checksum: 0731445f09438e2ab7221821eac8ae3c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-06 / This essay addresses issues such as socio-economic system adopted by the Republican Constitution of 1988; free enterprise as a fundamental right, seen by the matrix of the economic order, and the privatization process of the Federal Government as a strategy to reform the state, to serve as a basis to elucidate, within a factual context, the negative consequences to public rail transport, transferred to private enterprise in 1998, according to the National Privatization Program of the Federal Government, caused by abuse of the exercise of free enterprise and the inefficient management of public and private agents. It was found that the process of privatization of this service, previously performed by the Federal Railway - RFFSA occurred in studies of the National Bank of Economic and Social Development, which showed high public deficit and other causes that justified its transfer to the private enterprise. Through bibliographies literature researches, and extensive official documentation produced by public servants of the Federal Railway Police, the National Department of Transport Infrastructure in the National Agency for Land Transport, and other federal agencies, numerous surveys on spots made along the Paulista Railway Network in the years 2008/2009, demonstrating the damage caused to all rail transport system and public coffers, pointing out its causes and actions to solve them. The survey s results conducted on locations that have left traces (patios, garages, railway stations and substations) have been duly listed, following the investigation project and, submitted to engineering experts, computing and accounting examination, the results were analyzed and compared with the legal system and with the goals proposed by the privatization and concession of public service in question. It demonstrates the practice of illegal conduct by public and private agents involved in the supervision and implementation of this public service, intentional noncompliance of the terms of that contract, breach of criminal law and the Law of Concessions and Permits, whose consequences are highly detrimental to Public Service and National Treasury. At the conclusion of this paper it presents the main actions to be taken to solve the problems and to blame the culprit in order to improve the public service / Esta dissertação aborda temas como o sistema socioeconômico adotada pela Constituição Republicana de 1988; a livre iniciativa como direito fundamental, vista sob a matriz da ordem econômica, e o processo de desestatização do Governo Federal, como estratégia de reforma do Estado, para servir como base para demonstrar, dentro de um contexto fático, os reflexos negativos ao serviço público de transporte ferroviário, transferido a iniciativa privada no ano de 1998, seguindo o Programa Nacional de Desestatização do Governo Federal, causados pelo abuso no exercício da livre iniciativa e pela gestão ineficiente dos agentes públicos e privados. Verificou-se que o processo de desestatização desse serviço, antes executado pela Rede Ferroviária Federal RFFSA, ocorreu por estudos do Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social, que apontou déficit público elevado e outras causas que justificavam a sua transferência para a iniciativa privada. Buscou-se através de pesquisas bibliográficas, e em vasta documentação oficial, produzidas por servidores públicos da Polícia Ferroviária Federal, Departamento Nacional de Infra-Estrutura nos Transportes, Agência Nacional de Transportes Terrestres, e outros órgãos federais, além de inúmeros levantamentos in loco, realizados ao longo da Malha Paulista da Rede Ferroviária nos anos de 2008/2009, demonstrar os danos causados a todo sistema de transporte ferroviário e aos cofres públicos, apontar suas causas e medidas necessárias para saná-las. Os resultados dos levantamentos feitos nos locais que deixaram vestígios (pátios, oficinas, estações e subestações ferroviárias) foram devidamente catalogados, seguindo o projeto de investigação, assim como, submetidos a exame pericial de engenharia, informática e contabilidade, cujos resultados foram analisados e confrontados com o ordenamento jurídico e com os objetivos propostos na desestatização e no contrato de concessão do serviço público em questão. Ficou demonstrado a prática de condutas ilegais por parte dos agentes públicos e privados envolvidos na fiscalização e execução deste serviço público, com descumprimento intencional das cláusulas do referido contrato, violação da legislação criminal e da Lei de Concessões e Permissões, cujos reflexos são altamente prejudiciais ao serviço público e ao Tesouro Nacional. Na conclusão deste trabalho são apontadas as principais medidas que deverão ser adotadas para sanar os problemas e responsabilizar os culpados, visando a melhoria do serviço público

This thesis looks at literature by two South Asian, diasporic writers, Jhumpa Lahiri and Monica Ali, as a space where creative, cross-­cultural and independent identities for diasporic women might be created. The central claim of the thesis is that diasporic migration affects South Asian women in particular ways. The most positive outcome is that these women adopt new trans-­border identities but that these remain shaped by class, culture and gender. Hence a working class milieu such as the one depicted by Monica Ali, leads to an immigrant, ghetto-­ised, community-­based identity, located solely in the land of adoption, with return or travel to the homeland no longer possible. However, the milieu imagined in Jhumpa Lahiri’s text, a middle-class, suburban environment, creates a solitary, transnational identity, lived between countries, where travel between the land of birth and the land of adoption remains accessible. / English / M.A. (English)

Although a child's right to parental care and family life is constitutionally entrenched, many South African children are deprived of this right. Transcultural adoption could serve their need but historically this has been prohibited or discouraged by racist policies. Whether this is in keeping with the now non-racial South African society is questionable. In adoption the best interests of the child is paramount and in determining this, courts should balance children's constitutional rights to their culture of origin against their constitutional rights to non-discrimination. After considering arguments for and against transcultural adoption and the position in the United States and the United Kingdom, the writer suggests that further interdisciplinary research into the question is necessary in South Africa; inter-country adoption should be considered and law reform and governmental policy should facilitate these. / Private Law / LL. M. (Law)

Text in Afrikaans / Summaries in English and Afrikaans / Narratiewe navors:ing is gedoen om vas te stel watter rol geloof speel in die aanneemgesin. Onderhoudvoering met aanneemouers het die kernfaktor in die funksionering van die gesin as die aanvaarding of verwerping van die verskil tussen gesinne wat deur aanneming saamgestel is en gesinne wat deur geboorte saamgestel is, uitgewys. V erwerping strem verhoudinge binne die gesin, maak die gesin kwesbaar vir stres en vervreemding tussen ouer en kind. Aanvaarding, aan die antler kant, beteken dat die ouer die behoefte van sy kind om met sy natuurlike ouers in aanrak:ing te kom, erken. So 'n houding bring 'n verbetering in die ouer-kindverhouding mee en gevolglik ook in die vennoe om ontwikkelingskrisisse te hanteer. Geloofkan 'n rol speel om an.gs en selftwyfel by die aanneemouers as gevolg van die onnatuurlike samestelling van die gesin te besweer, sodat hulle die verskil aanvaar en sodoende 'n gesonder perspektief op gesinwees ontwikkel. / Narrative research was done in order to establish the role of faith in the adoptive family. In interviews with adoptive parents it was found that the crucial factor in the functioning of the family is the acceptance or rejection of the differences between families created by adoption and those created by childbirth. Rejection hampers relationships within the family and renders it vulnerable to stress and enstrangement between parent and child. Acceptance on the other hand means that the parent recognises the need of the child to connect with his birth parents. This latter attitude results in improved relationships between parent and child and in more effectiveness in coping with developmental crises. Faith can play a role to cl.ispell the anxciety and self-doubt of adoptive parents resulting from the unnatural constitution of their family, accept the differences and in that way may contribute to a healthier perspective on the family. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M.Th.(Pastoral Theraphy)

L’appel au renforcement de la protection du droit d’auteur dans le but de mieux lutter contre la contrefaçon, surtout avec l’avènement et le développement incessant des nouvelles technologies, est-il justifié ? Le bilan des efforts déployés récemment sur la scène internationale pour réaliser un tel renforcement, ayant débouché sur l’élaboration du très controversé ACTA, démontre que la réponse à cette question ne peut être ni simple ni immédiate. Evaluer l’opportunité et déterminer la nécessité de renforcer cette protection ne peuvent se faire qu’après un examen approfondi des solutions juridiques, existantes déjà dans les dispositifs nationaux des deux Etats qui assurent chacun une protection efficace des droits des auteurs, tout en adoptant des approches diamétralement opposées en la matière à savoir, la France et les Etats-Unis. Une fois ces deux droits comparés, une inégalité dans le niveau de protection ressort, appelant des améliorations qui passent par une intégration d’institutions juridiques « venues d’ailleurs ». Cette intégration qui aura pour résultat d’harmoniser ces deux droits, dans le respect des particularismes nationaux, pourra se réaliser à l’aide du droit comparé. L’harmonisation des droits nationaux dans le respect de leurs différences est aussi l’oeuvre du droit international surtout lorsqu’il s’agit d’une matière qui ne peut être traitée qu’à l’échelle internationale, voire mondiale. Pour pouvoir comprendre les raisons de la persistance des différences entre les deux droits menant à cette inégalité, l’examen des instruments internationaux adoptés en la matière, censés harmoniser la protection du droit d’auteur, est indispensable. Le bilan de cet examen s’avère mitigé dans la mesure où, les spécificités nationales l’emportent, bloquant ainsi le processus d’harmonisation. Or, le droit comparé a comme rôle principal de préparer un terrain favorable à une harmonisation internationale réussie, en dégageant des solutions concrètes, pratiques et surtout adaptées puisque ne heurtant pas les traditions juridiques nationales qu’il aura réussi à identifier. / Is the call to strengthen the protection of copyright in order to better fight copyright infringement, especially with the advent and the constant development of new technologies, justified? The results of the recent efforts on the international stage to achieve such a purpose, which led to the drawing up of the very controversial ACTA, show that the answer to this question cannot be simple nor immediate. Assessing the appropriateness as well as determining the need to strengthen this protection can only be made after a thorough review of legal solutions that already exist in the domestic law of two states, each of which ensures effective protection of copyright while adopting diametrically opposite approaches in this field namely, France and the United States. Once these two domestic laws have been compared, inequality in the level of protection appears, calling for improvements that go through an integration of legal institutions "coming from somewhere else". This integration that will have as a result the harmonization of these two laws while taking into account the national specificities, can be realized using the comparative law. The harmonization of national laws while respecting their differences is the work of international law as well, especially when the subject matter could only be addressed on an international even global scale. To understand the reasons for the persistence of differences between these two laws leading to this inequality, review of international instruments adopted in this field which are supposed to harmonize the protection of copyright, is essential. The results of this review are mixed due to the fact that national differences prevail, thus blocking the harmonization process. However, comparative law's primary role is to prepare the ground for a successful international harmonization, by providing concrete, practical and appropriate solutions given the fact that they do not conflict with national legal traditions that the comparative law has managed to identify.

Decisions made by social workers during the rendering of services play a crucial role in foster care. This study employed a qualitative approach to explore the factors that influence the decisions made by social workers when rendering foster care services, and to develop a matrix to guide decision-making. A collective case study design, informed by the explorative, descriptive and contextual designs, was used. The intuitive, analytic and mixed theories of decision-making served as the conceptual framework of the study. The populations of the study were social workers rendering foster care services in government and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and their supervisors. One case file of each social worker sampled, was consulted as an additional data source. The sampling technique was purposively sampling with a set of criteria to enable data optimisation. Triangulation of data collection methods was utilised, namely, case file analysis and semi-structured interviews with social workers and supervisors. Case studies are context-based and the data collection occurred in the natural settings of the participants. Ethical clearance was obtained for the study and before the commencement of data collection participants were fully briefed about the study and informed consent was obtained. The data collection instruments, a guide of case file analysis and two interview guides, were piloted twice in both government and NGOs. The data collection was audio recorded and an independent transcriber was used to transcribe the data to control for researcher-influence on the manipulation of the data. Trustworthiness was addressed by ensuring credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability of the data collected. Both the top down or deductive data analysis approach, and the bottom up or inductive approach were adopted to analyse the data. Findings on the social workers’ decision-making processes, decisions made, factors influencing decision-making and the nature of decisions were explored and described in the assessment phase (including the intake, prevention and early intervention, as well as the investigation stages), the placement phase and the supervision phase of foster care services. These findings and the participants’ suggestions on what a decision-making matrix should address, were synthesised and the matrix to guide the decision-making of social workers rendering foster care services was developed. / Social Work / D. Phil (Social Work)

The thesis of this study is that both Pentecostal and non-Pentecostal churches can grow at a time when only the Pentecostal churches have grown. The stagnation that has occurred in many ''mainline" churches.need not be allowed to increase or continue. In Venda (Northern Province) both the Lutherans and the Pentecostals have enjoyed visible growth. Chapter 1 introduces the thesis, the choice of the study area, the objectives of the study, and the typology, methodology and relevance of the study. Chapter 2 looks at the history and socio-economic backgrowtd of the Vhavenda. Chapter 3 describes traditional Vhavenda beliefs and rituals. The Vhavenda world-view is different from that of the West but closer to that of the East and the Bible. Chapter 4 concentrates on missionary Christianity in Venda and briefly discusses the missionary methods adopted by the Berlin Missionary Society. Chapter 5 discusses the coming of Pentecostalism to South Africa and Venda. Chapter 6 examines how the Lutherans and the Apostolic Faith Mission church conducted their mission during the "maturation of Apartheid'' in Venda. Major events in the collision between apartheid and the Vhavenda are highlighted. Chapter 7 discusses the unfinished work of the church in Venda. Chapter 8 examines the challenge for Christian mission in the twenty-first century. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D.Th (Missiology)