No description available.

Most clonal plants exhibit a modular structure at multiple levels. At the level of the organs, they are characterized by functional modules, such as, internodes, leaves, branches. At the level of the genetic individual (clone or genet), they possess independent evolutionary and physiological units (ramets). These evolutionary units arise through the widespread phenomenon of clonal reproduction, achieved in a variety of ways including rhizomes, stolons, bulbils, or lateral roots. The focus of this study was Populus tremuloides, trembling aspen, a dioecious tree that reproduces sexually by seed and asexually through lateral roots. Local forest patches in western populations of Populus tremuloides consisted largely of multiple genotypes. Multi-clonal patches were dominated by a single genotype, and in one population (Riske Creek) we found several patches (five out of 17) consisting of a single genotype. A second consequence of modularity is that during the repeated cycle of ramet birth, development and death, somatic mutations have the opportunity to occur. Eventually, the clone becomes a mosaic of mutant and non-mutant cell lineages. We found that neutral somatic mutations accumulated across 14 microsatellite loci at a rate of between 10^-6 and 10^-5 per locus per year. We suggest that neutral genetic divergence, under a star phylogeny model of clonal growth, is an alternative way to estimate clone age. Previous estimates of clone age couple the mean growth rate per year of shoots with the area covered by the clone. This assumes a positive linear relationship between clone age and clone size. We found, however, no repeatable pattern across our populations in terms of the relationship of either shape or size to the number of somatic changes. A final consequence of modularity is that during clonal growth, natural selection is relaxed for traits involving sexual function. This means that mutations deleterious to sexual function can accumulate, reducing the overall sexual fitness of a clone. We coupled neutral genetic divergence within clones with pollen fitness data to infer the rate and effect of mildly deleterious mutations. Mutations reduced relative sexual fitness in clonal aspen populations by about 0.12x10^-3 to 1.01x10^-3 per year. Furthermore, the decline in sexual function with clone age is evidence that clonal organisms are vulnerable to the effects of senescence. / Medicine, Faculty of / Medical Genetics, Department of / Graduate

This thesis investigates laser micromachining using a high pulse repetition frequency (high-PRF) femtosecond fibre laser. Three different types of industrial-grade metals, Stainless steel, Copper, and Aluminium are investigated. The impact of the processing parameters on material removal is studied. Finally the feasibility of the technology in three dimensional micro structuring is explored. The thesis contributes to clarify the main interaction mechanisms occurring in high-PRF femtosecond laser processing. Heat accumulation and particle shielding are identified as main material removal influencing mechanisms. As a result of heat accumulation, lowered ablation thresholds are detected for Aluminium (0.16 J/cm² at 1.02 MHz versus 0.33 J/cm² at 20 kHz) and Stainless steel (0.088 J/cm² at 1.02 MHz versus 0.11 J/cm² at 20 kHz). For the high heat conductive Copper heat accumulation is largely ruled out. Particle shielding is investigated by ultra high speed camera imaging. It is shown that the ablation plumes enlarge at the higher pulse repetition rates. A parameter study investigates material ablation. From this study, appropriate machining parameters are derived with regard to both high ablation rate and removal efficiency, and small roughness: Aluminium: 5 μm pulse spacing / 5 μJ pulse energy, Copper: 7.5 μm pulse spacing / 7 μJ pulse energy, Stainless steel: 5 μm pulse spacing / 3 μJ pulse energy. In addition experimentally and theoretically determined volume ablation rates are compared. For this, a material removal calculation model is designed. Good agreements between theoretical and experimental values are obtained by taking into account effective penetration instead of optical penetration for energy transport. A surface temperature calculation model is designed, providing useful insights into heat accumulation. Heat accumulation observed for Aluminium and Stainless Steel is confirmed by surface temperature rise, calculated based on the remaining energy. Improvement of the model by enhanced energy coupling yields surface temperatures above the melting temperature. This is conclusive to experimental observations. Finally the feasibility of the high-PRF femtosecond laser technology in micromachining is demonstrated by micro mould fabrication. Utilising these moulds, micro-fluidic plastic demonstrators are fabricated by micro-injection moulding.

Orientador: Jose Claudinei Lobardi / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T13:09:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ignacio_PauloCesardeSouza_D.pdf: 1516344 bytes, checksum: d92521779fa666619cbd8938ade85b4e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Considerando as bases materiais pelas quais o homem, com o seu trabalho - na forma histórica em que se manifesta sob o capitalismo - realiza e controla seu intercâmbio com a natureza (re)produzindo sua existência, e tendo em vista o trabalho pedagógico, no âmbito do processo de trabalho capitalista, como uma das formas históricas mais expressivas de disciplinamento para a vida social e produtiva, buscamos investigar em que grau, o nível alcançado pela base técnica da produção na atualidade, marcado pelo regime de acumulação flexível, dá as condições objetivas para que o a concepção politécnica de educação ingresse, definitivamente, no debate sobre políticas educacionais, ainda que seja no campo do contraditório e das lutas contra-hegemônicas, na medida em que, pelas relações sociais de produção capitalista, o limite é a polivalência. / Abstract: Considering the material bases for which the man, with his work - in the historical form in which it is shown under the capitalism - holds and controls his exchange with the nature (re)producing his existence and in view of the pedagogical work, in the context of the process of capitalist work, like one of the most expressive historical forms of discipline for the social and productive life, we look to investigate in which degree, the level reached by the technical base of the production in the present, marked by the regime of flexible accumulation, gives the objective conditions for that the conception polytechnic of education join definitely in the debate on educational policies, even if it is in the field of contradictory and counter-hegemonic struggles, in so far as, for the social relations of capitalist production, the limit is the polyvalency. / Doutorado / Filosofia e História da Educação / Doutor em Educação

This article addresses the treatment of the joinder and the intervention of third parties in the Civil Procedure Code. The authors examines the procedural institutions for try provide the right interpretation of the procedure rules concerning to the material and get a true effective jurisdictional protection. / El presente artículo aborda el tratamiento que da el Código Procesal Civil al litisconsorcio e intervención de terceros. Los autores examinan las instituciones procesales para intentar brindar una correcta interpretación de las normas procesales referentes a la materia y, así conseguir una verdadera tutela jurisdiccional efectiva.

The contractile state of microcirculatory vessels is a major determinant of the blood pressure of the whole systemic circulation. Continuous bi-directional communication exists between the endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) that regulates calcium (Ca2+) dynamics in these cells. This study presents theoretical approaches to understand some of the important and currently unresolved microcirculatory phenomena. Agonist induced events at local sites have been shown to spread long distances in the microcirculation. We have developed a multicellular computational model by integrating detailed single EC and SMC models with gap junction and nitric oxide (NO) coupling to understand the mechanisms behind this effect. Simulations suggest that spreading vasodilation mainly occurs through Ca2+ independent passive conduction of hyperpolarization in RMAs. Model predicts a superior role for intercellular diffusion of inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate (IP3) than Ca2+ in modulating the spreading response. Endothelial derived signals are initiated even during vasoconstriction of stimulated SMCs by the movement of Ca2+ and/or IP3 into the EC which provide hyperpolarizing feedback to SMCs to counter the ongoing constriction. Myoendothelial projections (MPs) present in the ECs have been recently proposed to play a role in myoendothelial feedback. We have developed two models using compartmental and 2D finite element methods to examine the role of these MPs by adding a sub compartment in the EC to simulate MP with localization of intermediate conductance calcium activated potassium channels (IKCa) and IP3 receptors (IP3R). Both models predicted IP3 mediated high Ca2+ gradients in the MP after SMC stimulation with limited global spread. This Ca2+ transient generated a hyperpolarizing feedback of ~ 2-3mV. Endothelium derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) is the dominant form of endothelial control of SMC constriction in the microcirculation. A number of factors have been proposed for the role of EDHF but no single pathway is agreed upon. We have examined the potential of myoendothelial gap junctions (MEGJs) and potassium (K+) accumulation as EDHF using two models (compartmental and 2D finite element). An extra compartment is added in SMC to simulate micro domains (MD) which have NaKα2 isoform sodium potassium pumps. Simulations predict that MEGJ coupling is much stronger in producing EDHF than alone K+ accumulation. On the contrary, K+ accumulation can alter other important parameters (EC Vm, IKCa current) and inhibit its own release as well as EDHF conduction via MEGJs. The models developed in this study are essential building blocks for future models and provide important insights to the current understanding of myoendothelial feedback and EDHF.

A cana-de-açúcar é uma gramínea C4 da família das Poaceae. Sua principal característica é a capacidade de estocar altas concentrações de sacarose no colmo. Devido à sua alta atividade fotossintética, ela consegue converter uma boa parte da radiação solar em biomassa. Assim, ela pode ser considerada um dos melhores modelos para os estudos da relação fonte-dreno. O Brasil é um dos maiores produtores e exportadores de álcool do mundo, e por isso a cana-de-açúcar é considerada uma das principais culturas atuais. A ausência de informações sobre a sua sequência genômica levou à criação do programa SUCEST no final de 1990, onde foram disponibilizadas aproximadamente 240,000 sequências denominadas ESTs (Expression Sequence Tags), uma cobertura de quase 90% do genoma expresso da cana-de-açúcar. Desta forma, foi possível desenvolver uma plataforma de microarranjo Agilent de oligonucleotídeos com componentes do SUCEST. Por meio do programa de melhoramento da RIDESA e a análise por microarranjos, foi possível a identificação de vias metabólicas que podem estar relacionadas com a regulação do acúmulo de sacarose em cana-de-açúcar, principalmente aquelas que envolvem os fitormônios auxina e etileno. A obtenção de dados agrotecnológicos e de fisiologia permitiu a observação de um trade off metabólico, onde o acúmulo de sacarose parece ocorrer em detrimento do acúmulo de fibra. A obtenção de plantas silenciadas e superexpressando uma quinase da família da SnRK1 levou, através da análise de microrarranjos, a identificação de genes diferencialmente expressos envolvidos no estresse por seca como uma PP2C e deidrina. Nas plantas superexpressando uma SnRK1, há um aumento do conteúdo de sacarose na planta 88, que talvez indique que a superexpressão dessa quinase leve a um aumento do conteúdo de sacarose em cana. Com a obtenção de sequências genômicas acima do sítio de início da transcrição dessa mesma SnRK1, e de uma subunidade regulatória Akinβγ, foi possível identificar por análise computacional sequências conservadas envolvidas na regulação hormonal, resposta à seca e reações de luz, indicando que a transcrição desse gene pode resultar de diferentes respostas da planta. Esse trabalho permitiu novas diretrizes no estudo do acúmulo de sacarose no colmo, indicando que vias de transdução de sinais conservadas, mediadas por hormônios e fosforilação, podem ser as principais responsáveis por esse fenômeno em cana-de-açúcar. / The sugarcane is a C4 grass of the Poaceae family. Its main feature is the ability to store high sucrose concentrations in the culm. Due to the elevated photosynthetic activity, it can convert a great portion of solar radiation into biomass. Thus, it can be considered one of the best models for studies of source-sink relationship. Brazil is one of the largest alcohol producers and exporters in the world, and sugarcane is considered one of the main current cultivars. The absence of information about its genome sequence led to the creation of the SUCEST program in late 1990, from which approximately 240,000 sequences called ESTs (Expression Sequence Tags) were made available, with a coverage of almost 90% of the sugarcane expressed genome. Thus, it was possible to develop a microarray platform with Agilent oligonucleotide with SUCEST components. Through the RIDESA improvement program and microarray analysis, it was possible to identify metabolic pathways that may be related to the regulation of sugarcane sucrose accumulation, especially those involving the plant hormones auxin and ethylene. The agro-technological and physiology data allowed the observation of a metabolic trade-off, where the sucrose accumulation appears to occur at the expense of fiber accumulation. The production of plants that are silenced or overexpressing a kinase from SnRK1 family, led by microrarray analysis, allowed the identification of differentially expressed genes that are involved in drought stress, such as a PP2C and dehydrin. In plants overexpressing a SnRK1, there is an increased sucrose content in the plant 88, which may indicate that overexpression of this kinase leads to an increase in leaf sucrose content. After obtaining the genomic sequence above the transcription start site of the same SnRK1, and a regulatory subunit Akinβγ, it was possible to identify by computer analysis conserved sequences involved in regulating hormonal response to dry and light responses, indicating that the gene transcription may arise from different plant responses. This work allowed new guidelines in the study of sucrose accumulation in the culm, suggesting that conserved signal transduction pathways and hormone mediated phosphorylation may be the main reason for this phenomenon in sugarcane.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:56:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao.pdf: 2476092 bytes, checksum: 34129c8ce2ecd1471192207a3b2af400 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-30 / There is now a global concern with the agroecosystem sustainability, competitiveness and exonomic viability of agricultural activities. Intercropping of winter maize with forage grasses have been studied because of its benefits in relation to biomass production per area. Objective of this study was to evaluate the interference of density Brachiaria ruziziensis cv. Common intercropped with the winter maize in grain yield, in dry mass and nutrients of forage. The experiment was conducted in soil characterized and Oxiol under conditions of degraded pasture in the Technical School Prof. Luíz Pires Barbosa Cândido Mota city (SP). The experimental desing was randomized blocks with five treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of the population of B. ruziziensis 2.5; 5,0; 10,0; e 20,0 plants per linear meter and simultaneously sown between the lines of winter maize (0,90m). It was concluded that the values of agronomic evaluation of maize analyzed showed no interference of the treatments, only the height of attachment of spikes was affected by populations of B. ruziziensis; the intercropped presented B. Ruziziensis winter maize with increased grain yeld cereal with a population up to 9,5 plants per linear meter of forage; the total production of dry B. ruziziensis showed higher response to the population at the expense of desiccation in their time of physiological maturity of maize; the accumulation of macro and micronutrients in B. ruziziensis increased as function of the populations with the exception of potassium and iron. / Existe atualmente uma preocupação mundial com a sustentabilidade do agroecossistema, competitividade e viabilidade econômica das atividades agropecuárias. A consorciação do milho safrinha com gramíneas forrageiras tem sido objeto de estudos em decorrência de seus benefícios com relação à produção de fitomassa por área. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a interferência da densidade de plantas de Brachiaria ruziziensis cv. Comum em consórcio com o milho safrinha na produtividade de grãos, no acúmulo de massa seca e nutrientes dessa forrageira. O experimento foi conduzido em solo caracterizado como Latossolo vermelho eutroférrico em condições de pastagem degradada na Escola Técnica Prof. Luiz Pires Barbosa no município de Cândido Mota (SP). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos das populações de plantas de B. ruziziensis (2,5; 5,0; 10; e 20) plantas por metro linear semeadas simultaneamente e na entrelinha do milho safrinha (0,90 m). Conclui-se que os valores das avaliações agronômicas analisadas do milho não evidenciaram interferência dos tratamentos, somente a altura da inserção de espigas foi afetada pelas populações de B.ruziziensis; o consórcio de milho safrinha com B.ruziziensis apresentou incremento de produtividade de grãos do cereal com população até 9,5 plantas da forrageira por metro linear; a produção total de massa seca da B. ruziziensis apresentou maior resposta às populações por ocasião da sua dessecação em detrimento da época da maturidade fisiológica do milho; o acúmulo de macro e micronutrientes na B.ruziziensis aumentou em função das populações com exceção do potássio e ferro.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:51:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao.pdf: 2476092 bytes, checksum: 34129c8ce2ecd1471192207a3b2af400 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-30 / There is now a global concern with the agroecosystem sustainability, competitiveness and exonomic viability of agricultural activities. Intercropping of winter maize with forage grasses have been studied because of its benefits in relation to biomass production per area. Objective of this study was to evaluate the interference of density Brachiaria ruziziensis cv. Common intercropped with the winter maize in grain yield, in dry mass and nutrients of forage. The experiment was conducted in soil characterized and Oxiol under conditions of degraded pasture in the Technical School Prof. Luíz Pires Barbosa Cândido Mota city (SP). The experimental desing was randomized blocks with five treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of the population of B. ruziziensis 2.5; 5,0; 10,0; e 20,0 plants per linear meter and simultaneously sown between the lines of winter maize (0,90m). It was concluded that the values of agronomic evaluation of maize analyzed showed no interference of the treatments, only the height of attachment of spikes was affected by populations of B. ruziziensis; the intercropped presented B. Ruziziensis winter maize with increased grain yeld cereal with a population up to 9,5 plants per linear meter of forage; the total production of dry B. ruziziensis showed higher response to the population at the expense of desiccation in their time of physiological maturity of maize; the accumulation of macro and micronutrients in B. ruziziensis increased as function of the populations with the exception of potassium and iron. / Existe atualmente uma preocupação mundial com a sustentabilidade do agroecossistema, competitividade e viabilidade econômica das atividades agropecuárias. A consorciação do milho safrinha com gramíneas forrageiras tem sido objeto de estudos em decorrência de seus benefícios com relação à produção de fitomassa por área. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a interferência da densidade de plantas de Brachiaria ruziziensis cv. Comum em consórcio com o milho safrinha na produtividade de grãos, no acúmulo de massa seca e nutrientes dessa forrageira. O experimento foi conduzido em solo caracterizado como Latossolo vermelho eutroférrico em condições de pastagem degradada na Escola Técnica Prof. Luiz Pires Barbosa no município de Cândido Mota (SP). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos das populações de plantas de B. ruziziensis (2,5; 5,0; 10; e 20) plantas por metro linear semeadas simultaneamente e na entrelinha do milho safrinha (0,90 m). Conclui-se que os valores das avaliações agronômicas analisadas do milho não evidenciaram interferência dos tratamentos, somente a altura da inserção de espigas foi afetada pelas populações de B.ruziziensis; o consórcio de milho safrinha com B.ruziziensis apresentou incremento de produtividade de grãos do cereal com população até 9,5 plantas da forrageira por metro linear; a produção total de massa seca da B. ruziziensis apresentou maior resposta às populações por ocasião da sua dessecação em detrimento da época da maturidade fisiológica do milho; o acúmulo de macro e micronutrientes na B.ruziziensis aumentou em função das populações com exceção do potássio e ferro.

L’objectif principal de cette recherche est de comprendre la signification de l’accumulation d’objets pour la personne présentant des comportements de hoarding. Dans une perspective constructiviste, nous utilisons la construction empirique de la théorie afin d’analyser 8 entrevues. Les théories d’Erving Goffman et d’Howard Becker sur la stigmatisation et la culture d’exclusion nous permettent de comprendre et d’analyser la construction des liens sociaux chez les personnes présentant des comportements de hoarding. De même, l’application de l’approche d’Elkaïm à cette problématique nous permet de comprendre un des principaux défis de l’intervention auprès de cette population, la double contrainte. L’analyse nous permet de distinguer 3 profils de hoarder. Ce travail s’inscrit sous un paradigme encore jamais utilisé pour comprendre la problématique du hoarding et propose une compréhension propre au travail social, différente du modèle médical qui prédomine actuellement dans l’intervention et la littérature scientifique. / The main objective of this research is to understand the meaning of the accumulation of objects for the person presenting hoarding behaviours. Based on a constructivist framework, we used the empirical construction of theory to analyse 8 interviews. Stigma and the culture of exclusion of Erving Goffman and Howard Becker theories allowed us to understand and to analyze the construction of social ties among people with hoarding behaviours. The application of the theory of Elkaïm to this problem allowed us to understand one of the great challenges of the intervention with this population, the negative feedback. The analysis allowed us to distinguish 3 profiles of hoarder. This research work proposes a different perspective to hoarding, based on a paradigm that was never used before in the comprehension of that problematic and that is proper to social work, in contrast with the prevailing medical model that dominates the literature.