Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:37:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andre Brasiliano da Silva.pdf: 4815626 bytes, checksum: e53fa837ff6a7eb3cff0f55f4b3b26ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-21 / Eye tracking is an important issue for Human Computer interaction, mainly for users with hand-eye coordination problems. The work presented here shows a low cost and robust eye tracking system capable to work with an HD stream. The implementations used in this work over the base system present diferent techniques in all stages, from face detection to iris detection. Local processing is used in most stages in this implementation, delimiting the region of interest (ROI) for face detection, eye detection and iris detection. The system robustness allow the eye tracking system to control the mouse using eye movements allowing disable users to communicate through a communication interface. The hardware required is simple and based in an high definition webcam. The face detection and eye detection processes are based on the Viola Jones technique; iris detection and tracking are based on the Hough Transform. The usage of local processing reduces the computational cost and even working with high definition stream leads to a performance 33% better than the base system. The system presented here was compared with a commercial system and a set of equipment were tested in order to dene the best set up for the eye tracking system and to validate the work presented here. Future work is presented at the end in order to allow the project continuity. / O rastreamento ocular para usuários com problemas motores é um estudo importante na área de Interface Humano-Computador (IHC). Com o objetivo de fornecer um sistema de rastreamento ocular de baixo custo, este trabalho apresenta uma nova abordagem para um sistema robusto e com alto desempenho. Com relação ao trabalho base para esta pesquisa, a implementação proposta contém inovações em todas as etapas do processo envolvendo o rastreamento ocular, desde a detecção da região da face e dos olhos até a detecção da íris. Neste trabalho, foi utilizado o conceito de processamento local, delimitando as regiões de interesse em todas as etapas do processo: detecção da região da face, região dos olhos e região da íris. Este trabalho permite que pessoas possam efetuar ações controlando o mouse através do movimento dos olhos em uma interface de rastreamento ocular, utilizando apenas equipamentos de uso comum, como, por exemplo, uma webcam. O processo de detecção da face e detecção ocular foi feito através da técnica de Viola e Jones. Para a detecção e rastreamento da íris foi utilizada a Transformada de Hough, e utilização de regiões de interesse com o objetivo de limitar a área de processamento da imagem, e consequentemente, o custo computacional, resultando em uma aplicação com um melhor desempenho e robustez em todas as etapas. Obteve-se um ganho de até 33% em relação ao tempo de processamento do sistema, quando comparado com o sistema base, porém, operando com imagens em alta definição. Foi realizada ainda uma comparação com sistemas de rastreamento ocular de uso comercial e diferentes tipos de equipamentos para validar as técnicas estudadas neste trabalho.

O objetivo geral deste estudo foi de identificar quais são os aspectos do design de interface de uma plataforma gratuita de ensino digital, GeekieLab, dirigida ao ENEM e adotada no Ensino Médio público da cidade de São Paulo. O método de estudo de caso único permitiu explorar aspectos da interface a partir de entrevistas e observações com os usuários, expandindo as informações e discussões teóricas do design. Baseando-se nos padrões extraídos das entrevistas, a pesquisa propôs verificar a percepção do aluno ao utilizar a plataforma. A revisão bibliográfica foi utilizada para definição do recorte da pesquisa e planejada para complementar o embasamento teórico, como também identificar as reflexões dos estudos já realizados sobre os métodos e elementos de design em recursos digitais. Autores como Ramos e Santos (2006) e Norman e Spohrer (1996) foram utilizados para a elaboração de padrões e correlações dos aspectos educacionais. No que diz respeito aos aspectos de design, utilizou-se Garret (2011) e Goodwin (2009) como base para o estudo do design de interface. Para especificidades, como os elementos de interação, utilizou-se a abordagem de Verplank (2007) e Reeves e Nass (1996). Para os elementos de informação, recorreu-se a Pettersson (2013). E para os elementos visuais, foram utilizadas as obras de Lupton e Phillips (2008). Pretende-se, com isso, contribuir para o conhecimento nas áreas de design e educação, além de apontar aspectos relevantes para tornar mais eficiente uma interface com propósito educacional. / The general objective of this study was to identify the Of the interface design of a free digital teaching platform, GeekieLab, addressed to ENEM and adopted in Public High School of Sao Paulo City. The single case study method allowed Explore aspects of the interface from interviews and observations With users, expanding information and theoretical discussions Of the design. Based on the standards drawn from the interviews, the The research proposed to verify the student\'s perception when using the platform. The literature review was used to define the Of the research and planned to complement the theoretical basis, As well as to identify the reflections of the studies already carried out About methods and design elements in digital resources. Authors such as Ramos and Santos (2006) and Norman and Spohrer (1996) Were used for the elaboration of patterns and correlations of Educational aspects. With regard to the design aspects, Garret (2011) and Goodwin (2009) were used as the basis for the study Of the interface design. For specificities, such as the elements Of interaction, we used the approach of Verplank (2007) and Reeves And Nass (1996). For the information elements, it was used Pettersson (2013). And for the visual elements, the Works by Lupton and Phillips (2008). It is intended, therefore, to contribute Knowledge in the areas of design and education, as well as Relevant aspects to make an interface more efficient. For educational purposes.

Introdução: O objeto desta investigação são os materiais educativos de apoio a atividades educativas, com jovens. Historicamente as políticas públicas no campo das drogas estão alicerçadas no paradigma proibicionista, o que tem conduzido práticas educativas prescritivas e de caráter amedrontador. Parte expressiva dos materiais educativos e de divulgação sobre drogas apresenta conteúdo e forma questionáveis, uma vez que o jovem é tomado como vulnerável ou em risco para a dependência de drogas, e que as mensagens falseiam a verdade sobre o consumo, sendo baseadas em perspectiva moralista e funcionalista. O presente estudo parte da perspectiva da Saúde Coletiva que compreende o consumo de drogas como questão social e a juventude como categoria referida à história e à condição de classe, o que significa dizer que os indivíduos que compõem as classes sociais relacionam-se de maneiras particulares com as drogas, apresentando também problemas diferentes em função dessa relação. Objetivo: construir material educativo de apoio sobre drogas para trabalhadores de saúde, educação, serviço social, entre outros, que lidam com jovens, a partir dos fundamentos da Saúde Coletiva e da educação emancipatória. Método: trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa desenvolvida com a metodologia da pesquisa-ação na modalidade emancipatória, com a participação de pesquisadores integrantes do grupo de pesquisa Fortalecimento e desgaste no trabalho e na vida: bases para a intervenção em Saúde Coletiva, da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo, com interesse e experiência na área. O processo de elaboração foi realizado através de oficinas emancipatórias, que foram sendo pautadas de acordo com o desenvolvimento da discussão do grupo. Resultados: O material foi construído em 14 oficinas, que versaram sobre os seguintes temas: sociedade capitalista e estrutura de classes; valores sociais e ideologia; juventude; consumo problemático de drogas; processo saúde-doença e reprodução social; e educação emancipatória. Construiu-se o Caderno de educação sobre drogas: como trabalhar com jovens, organizado em 03 eixos: 1) dimensão estrutural, que discute a estrutura da sociedade atual; dimensão superestrutural, que discute ideologia e valores na sociedade contemporânea e relação com o consumo de drogas, e 3) respostas sociais da juventude frente às contradições sociais, com discussão sobre o fortalecimento dos jovens em suas possibilidades de organização política. Os eixos são compostos pelos seguintes elementos: um texto base; para saber mais, com indicação de filmes e outros textos; questões para discussão, com perguntas norteadoras que podem apoiar pedagogicamente o processo de discussão do texto com jovens; estratégias pedagógicas, com sugestões de atividades educativas, a serem realizadas com os jovens. Conclusão: O material educativo elaborado partiu de conhecimentos científicos e críticos sobre o consumo de drogas na atualidade e nesse sentido apresenta potencial para desmistificar esse consumo e expor suas contradições; o material seguiu os princípios da educação emancipatória, o que o coloca em situação favorável à aproximação com os jovens em diferentes áreas de atuação e ao encaminhamento de discussão crítica sobre o tema. / Introduction: The object/subject matter of this research is the educational material to support educational activities related to drugs and carried out with young people. Historically, the public policies in the field of drug consumption are grounded in the prohibitionist paradigm, which has led to prescriptive and frightening educational practices. A significant portion of educational and media materials on drugs present questionable contents and forms as youth is taken as vulnerable or at risk for drug addiction, and the messages distort the truth about the consume, as they are based on moralistic and functionalist perspectives. This study is grounded on the Collective Health perspective, which posits that drug consume is a social issue and youth is a category referred to history and social class. This means that individuals who compose the social classes develop particular relationships with drugs and present different problems due to this relationship. Objective: based on the Collective Health and Emancipatory Education underpinnings, the aim of this investigation is to build an educational support material about drugs for workers dealing with young people in the health, education, and social service, among others fields. Method: it a qualitative research developed from an emancipatory approach to action research. Participants were researchers and health workers, with interest and experience in this field, and members of the research group \"Strengthening and weakening in work and life: basis for intervention in collective health from The School of Nursing of The University of São Paulo. The drafting process was conducted through emancipatory workshops, and therefore the themes were selected according to the development of the discussions. Results: The material was built in 14 workshops, involving discussions mainly about the following topics: capitalist society and class structure; social reproduction; social values and ideology; emancipatory education; youth and contemporary problems; problematic drug consumption and health-disease process. We created the Drug education workbook: how to working with young people, organized in three axes: 1) structural dimension which discusses the capitalist structure of current society, 2) superstructural dimension which discusses ideology and values in contemporary society and its relationship with drug consumption, 3) social responses of youth to social contradictions which discusses how to strengthen young people for political organization. The axes are made up as follows: a supporting text about the central subject of the axe; a to learn more section, indicating films and other supporting texts; a guiding questions section, to didactically support the process of discussion with young people; a pedagogical strategy section, with suggestions of activities to be developed with young people during educational processes. Conclusion: The educational material was elaborated based on scientific and critical knowledge of existing forms of drug consumption which permit to demystify the problematic consumption of drugs and expose its social contradictions; the material followed the principles of emancipatory education, which places it in a favorable situation to approaching young people in different areas and addressing critical discussion on the topic.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-05-05T15:15:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 juliacustodiocarellideoliveira.pdf: 1560546 bytes, checksum: 73e63d9005e1b8f3edb0a87b57e96acc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-06-07T15:40:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 juliacustodiocarellideoliveira.pdf: 1560546 bytes, checksum: 73e63d9005e1b8f3edb0a87b57e96acc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-07T15:40:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 juliacustodiocarellideoliveira.pdf: 1560546 bytes, checksum: 73e63d9005e1b8f3edb0a87b57e96acc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Os últimos anos são marcados por mudanças radicais nos modos de comunicação. A difusão das tecnologias permite que usuários tornem-se expostos à violência interpessoal, perseguições e agressões que ocorrem no meio virtual, o que caracteriza o cyberbullying, definido como ato agressivo e intencional, realizado por um grupo ou indivíduo através de contatos eletrônicos. Com o objetivo de descrever e explorar as suas manifestações, bem como possíveis formas de enfrentamento, foram desenvolvidos três textos. O primeiro tem o objetivo de apresentar e discutir o conceito de cyberbullying, a partir de uma investigação baseada em pesquisa bibliográfica. O segundo artigo objetiva apresentar dados iniciais de uma pesquisa sobre cyberbullying entre usuários de internet (estudo piloto). Participaram do estudo 70 adolescentes entre 13-17 anos de idade (média: 15,6 anos; DP=1,18). As tipologias de cyberbullying mais apontadas foram: insultos em fóruns online (20%); publicação online de foto embaraçosa sem a permissão da pessoa que nela aparece (18,6%). As estratégias de enfrentamento apontadas como mais eficientes foram: remover o agressor da lista de contatos (55,7%), dizer aos pais/familiares (54,3%) e bloquear o agressor (52,9%). Por fim, o terceiro texto buscou analisar os dados de um estudo de levantamento online, realizado com 453 adolescentes entre 13 e 17 anos, residentes na cidade de Juiz de Fora-MG. Dentre os participantes, 67,3% relataram ao menos um incidente de cyber agressão e 63,8% referiram ao menos um episódio de cyber vitimização nos últimos seis meses, sendo que 78,6% pontuaram ao menos um ponto no escore geral, ou seja, vítimas ou agressores. As duas estratégias apontadas pelos participantes como mais eficazes para lidar com o cyberbullying foram bloquear o agressor (81%) e remover o agressor da lista de contatos (84%). Os resultados quantitativos e qualitativos são apresentados, analisados e discutidos com base na literatura disponível, visando contribuir para o conhecimento científico, além de fornecer implicações práticas e uma melhor compreensão do fenômeno no cenário brasileiro. / Recent years are marked by radical changes in communication modes. The diffusion of technologies allows users to become exposed to interpersonal violence, persecution and attacks that occur in the virtual environment, which features cyberbullying, defined as aggressive, intentional act carried out by a group or individual through electronic contacts. In order to describe and explore its manifestations as well as possible ways of coping, three texts were developed. The first aims to present and discuss the concept of cyberbullying from a research-based literature. The second article presents initial data from a survey of cyberbullying among Internet users (pilot study). The study enrolled 70 adolescents between 13-17 years of age (mean: 15.6 years; SD = 1.18). The most frequently mentioned types of cyberbullying were insults in online forums (20%); online publication of embarrassing picture without the permission of the person who appears in it (18.6%). The coping strategies identified as most effective were: remove the aggressor from the contact list (55.7%), tell parents / relatives (54.3%) and block the offender (52.9%). Finally, the third text seeks to analyze data from an online survey study conducted with 453 teenagers between 13 and 17 years, living in the city of Juiz de Fora-MG. Among the participants, 67.3% reported at least one incident of cyber aggression and 63.8% reported at least one episode of cyber victimization in the last six months, and 78.6% scored at least one point in the overall score, or be victims or perpetrators. Both strategies identified by participants as more effective in dealing with cyberbullying were blocking the offender (81%) and remove the offender from the contact list (84%). The quantitative and qualitative results are presented, analyzed and discussed based on the available literature, in order to contribute to scientific knowledge, and provide practical implications and a better understanding of the phenomenon in Brazilian scene.

Vulnerable road users (VRUs) are overrepresented in the statistics on severe and deadly injuries in traffic accidents, most commonly involving the head. The finite element (FE) method presents the possibility to model complex interactions between the human body and vehicles in order to better understand the injury mechanisms. While the rapid development of computer capacity has allowed for increasingly detailed FE-models, there is always a benefit of reducing the studied problem. Due to its material properties, the brain is more sensitive to rotational motion than to purely linear, resulting in complex injury causation. When studying brain injuries caused by a direct impact to the head, simulations using an isolated head model significantly increases efficiency compared to using a complete human body model. Also evaluation of head protective systems uses isolated mechanical head representations. It is not, however, established the extent to which the boundary conditions of the head determine the outcome of brain injuries. FE models of both the entire human body and the isolated head were used in this thesis to study the effect of the body, as well as active neck muscle tension, on brain injury outcome in VRU accidents. A pediatric neck model was also developed to enable the study of age-specific effects. A vehicle windscreen model was developed to evaluate the necessity of capturing the failure deformation during pedestrian head impacts. It was shown that the influence of the neck and body on brain injury prediction is greater in longer duration impacts, such as pedestrian head-to-windscreen impacts with an average difference of 21%. In accidents with shorter duration impacts, such as head-to-ground bicycle accidents, the average influence was between 3-12%. The influence did not consistently increase or limit the severity, and was dependent on the degree of rotation induced by the impact, as well as the mode of deformation induced in the neck. It was also shown that the predicted brain injury severity is dependent on capturing the large deformations of fractured windscreen, with the greatest effect near the windscreen frame. The pediatric neck model showed a large effect of age-dependent anatomical changes on inertial head loading, making it a promising tool to study the age-dependent effects in VRU accidents. / <p>QC 20171013</p>

This study set out to investigate how ICT design relates to users’ affect, cognition and creativity in task performance. More specifically, the intent is to highlight how ICT design can elicit positive effective states and enhance cognitive abilities, including creative thinking in task activity within distance learning. In addition to this is to emphasize the synergies between ICT design, affect, cognition, and creativity from as well theoretical as empirical perspectives. To achieve the objective of this study, a qualitative empirical method was used. A survey questionnaire was chosen as a collection data technique. As far as analysis is concerned, phenomenology analytic strategy was espoused to explore how the participants perceive the phenomenon under inquiry. As for theory, central themes were selected for review given the synergy between them and their implication for the topic. They include: ICT; design; ICT design aspects: aesthetics, functionality, and usability; affect and cognition; and creativity; as well as the synergies between these concepts. Key findings highlight the role of affective quality of ICT design aesthetics in eliciting positive affective states among users when they acquire and use new ICT products or services regardless of their motivational needs. Most users consider aesthetics, usability, and functionality as design aspects but they tend to differ in ranking them depending on how they emotionally perceive them. Simplicity in ICT design is perceived as pleasurable aesthetic value. Further, natural colors are favored most by ICT users and positively affect their emotions so do the other aesthetical features associated with computers, software graphics, and web design. Using ICT inspire users creativity in task performance through what design affective qualities induce as positive affect in them in addition to software usability and functionality depending on the user. There are some synergies between design aesthetics, affect, cognition, and creativity. Moreover, ICT design can, depending on additional factors, ease and help users’ to carry out complex task and if software applications are skillfully used, they can help stimulate users’ creativity in task performance because of the built-in capabilities that are intended to enhance cognitive and emotional abilities of users. In addition, users differ on the elements they focus on when interacting with ICT depending on their inclination. Human attentional capacity and intensity can play a role in creativity. Crystallization of creativity can be triggered when various ICT design elements are perceived in a useful way. / +46704393342

Teknikutvecklingen och digitaliseringen går fort framåt och har idag sträckt sig till det privatahemmet. Det smarta hemmet är en del av ett större fenomen som kallas Internet of Things(IoT). Enheterna inom IoT består av sensorer och datorer som kan kommunicera medvarandra och skapa ett situationsanpassat beteende. Idén med smarta hem handlar om attanvända sig av olika smarta enheter inom hemmet, som är uppkopplade till ett gemensamtnätverk. Smarta hem bidrar med många bra funktioner där individen kan skapa en bekväm,säker och hållbar vardag. Förutom att underlätta i vardagen för individer kommer dessasmarta enheter med ett antal risker. Ju fler enheter som kopplas upp på ett nätverk destoenklare är det för en obehörig person att komma åt en annan individs privata information. Det samlas in mycket data från de smarta enheterna vilket kan möjliggöra detaljeradkartläggning av användaren. Det är svårt att veta vem som får tillgång till den privatainformationen om användaren vilket bidrar till att det blir svårt för individen att vara anonymoch skydda sig. Syftet med studien är att utveckla kunskap om vilken medvetenhet som finnshos individen kring riskerna vid användning av smarta enheter i hemmet, då det finnsförhållandevis lite forskning inom ämnet. En effekt av att individen blir mer medveten kanleda till att hen tar mer ansvar och därmed skyddar sig mer mot eventuella IT-brott. Utgångspunkten för studien har varit att samla in tidigare forskning och litteratur samt attutföra en kvantitativ enkätundersökning. Litteraturstudien ligger till grund till både tidigareforskning och det teoretiska ramverket. Med hjälp av litteraturstudien har enkätfrågorutformats för att kunna besvara studiens frågeställning. Enkätundersökningen gjordes via eninternetenkät som riktades till användarna av smarta enheter i hemmet. Utifrån insamlatmaterial och empiri kunde ett resultat presenteras och en analys utföras. Med hjälp av fyraolika teman har en slutsats dragits om vilken medvetenhet som finns hos individen kringriskerna vid användningen av smarta enheter i hemmet. / The development of technology and digitization are moving fast forward and have nowextended to the private homes. The smart home is part of a larger phenomenon called Internetof Things (IoT). The IoT devices consist of sensors and computers that can communicate witheach other and create a situational behavior. The idea of smart homes is about using differentsmart devices within the home, which are connected to a shared network. Smart homesprovides with many great functions where the individuals can create a comfortable, safe andsustainable everyday life. In addition to facilitating everyday life for individuals, these smartdevices come with a number of risks. The more devices connected to the Internet, the easier itgets for an unauthorized person to access another person's private information. The smartdevices collect a lot of data, which enables for detailed mapping of the user. It's hard to knowwho gets access to the private data about the user, which makes it difficult for the individualto be anonymous and protect himself. The purpose of the study is to develop knowledge aboutthe awareness of the individual about the risks associated with the use of smart devices athome, as there is relatively little research on the subject. An effect of becoming more aware ofthe risks, can lead to more responsibility taken by the individual to protect itself againstpossible IT crimes. The starting point of the study has been to collect prior research and literature and to conducta quantitative survey. The literature study forms the basis for the previous research and thetheoretical framework. With help from the literature, survey questions have been formulatedto answer the research question. The survey was conducted through an internet survey aimedto users of smart devices at home. Based on collected material and empirical data, a resultcould be presented and an analysis performed. With the help of four different themes, aconclusion has been drawn about the awareness of the individual about the risks associatedwith the use of smart devices in the home.Keywords:

La conception de cartes topographiques de référence est aujourd’hui caractérisée par une multiplication des données géographiques et des services de conception cartographiques de plus en plus distribués. Dans ce contexte, il est nécessaire d’enrichir les connaissances existantes sur la rédaction cartographique afin de préserver la qualité des cartes produites, i.e. qu’elles soient lisibles et efficaces. Nous faisons l’hypothèse que le style topographique facilite la lisibilité et l’efficacité d’une carte grâce à des codes et repères visuels connus des utilisateurs. Nous nous sommes fixés comme objectif de formaliser la notion de style topographique en tant que famille cartographique regroupant des signes graphiques reconnus des utilisateurs afin de pouvoir l’utiliser pour produire de nouvelles cartes topographiques.Dans ce travail de thèse, nous proposons un modèle conceptuel intégrant les concepts clés de signature visuelle et de famille cartographique. Nous validons et instancions ce modèle à travers la mise en place d’entretiens auprès d’experts cartographes et le déploiement de deux expérimentations auprès d’utilisateurs permettant d’étudier les familles cartographiques IGN et Swisstopo. Les résultats obtenus permettent de caractériser les signatures visuelles de chacune de ces deux familles cartographiques. À l’aide de la caractérisation des signatures visuelles de ces deux styles topographiques typiques (IGN-France et Swisstopo), nous proposons des recommandations qui permettraient de produire de nouvelles cartes topographiques pour les deux cas d’application suivants : (1) produire de nouvelles cartes topographiques appartenant au même style topographique, (2) produire de nouvelles cartes topographiques à la frontière entre deux pays / agences nationales de cartographie / The design of topographic maps of reference is characterised both by an increasing amount of reference geographic databases and by design geo-services operating in distributed architectures. In this context, one of the major challenges consists in enriching the current knowledge on cartographic design in order to preserve the maps quality, i.e. they are legible, effective and usable. We assume that the topographic style renders maps legible and effective thanks to the visual codes and guides, well-known by the users. Our research purpose aims at formalising the concept of a topographic style as a cartographic family with a recognizable visual signature in order to produce new topographic maps.We propose to formalize key concepts of visual signature and cartographic family in a unified model. We validate and instantiate this model in setting up interviews of cartography experts and in designing user’s experiments allowing to evaluate the visual recognition of maps and graphic signs belonging in Swisstopo and IGN-France cartographic families. With results of the two user’s experiments, we characterize the visual signature of the two cartographic families. Then, we propose cartographic design guidelines in order to produce reference topographic maps based on the characterisation of the visual signature for two cases studies: (1) design a map belonging in a given cartographic family, (2) design a map on the border of two countries / two national mapping agencies

New informationssystems gets introduced within different organizations each day. It has shown that those introductions is something that can go wrong wich can have significant consequences. With every system to get implemented and be used by humans comes users expectations from these humans. In previous research it has come to light that those expectations matter for how good the system later on will be used. But what impact does users expectations have when introducing a new information system? 15 people who will later be introduced to an informationsystem were interviewed to see what they had for system expectations. With action research as a onset, the introductions of the system were then observed, followed by a questionnaire that users were asked to answer. Data was then analyzed with a dynamic and flexible thematic-deductive analysis method. The result of the study shows that people with negative expectations find it harder to learn, have a greater tendency to refuse the system and find the system more difficult to use, which may result in the old system kept. / Nya informationssystem introduceras inom olika verksamheter varje dag. Det har dock visat sig att introduktioner är något som kan gå väldigt fel vilket kan få väldigt stora konsekvenser. Med varje system som ska införas och sedan användas av människor så medföljer förväntningar från dessa människor. Det har tidigare visat sig att dessa förväntningar kan spela roll för hur bra systemet senare upplevs av användarna och även hur bra systemet faktiskt kan användas. Men vilken påverkan har användarnas förväntningar för införandet av ett nytt informationssystem? 15 personer som senare ska bli introducerade för ett informationssystem intervjuades för att se vad de hade för förväntningar på systemet. Med aktionsforskning som ansats så observerades sedan introduktionerna av systemet vilket senare följdes upp med en enkät som användarna fick svara på. Data analyserades sedan med en dynamisk och flexibel tematisk-deduktiv analysmetod. Resultatet av studien visar att personer med negativa förväntningar finner det svårare att lära sig, har större tendens att vägra systemet samt finner systemet som besvärligare att använda vilket kan resultera i att användare vill ha kvar det gamla systemet.

Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to describe and analyse the factors that contribute to the successful ERP system implementation, the stakeholders of ERP system and how these stakeholders are related to CSFs of ERP system implementation. Design/ methodology/ approach: The research methodology approach chosen for this research is based on reality and clear research which includes qualitative and quantitative method for collecting and analysing data. Data for this research consists of secondary data, gathered by conducting a critical literature review of research papers published by journals, magazines and books.  The content analysis and comparative study methods are used to analyse data. Findings: Seventeen CSFs that are considered to contribute to ERP implementation success have been identified in accordance with their prioritization where twelve of them have been described; by analyzing some widely accepted in prior researches. Three stakeholders of ERP such as “Top management, IT professionals and End-users” have been identified and their involvement in the ERP implementation has been described. The result revealed that several CSFs of ERP such as “user training and involvement, ERP teamwork and selection of ERP are directly related to End-users”. The findings also revealed that Top management are related to majority of CSFs such as “top management support and commitment, change management, business plan and vision, system quality, project management, effective communication plan, selection of ERP, monitoring and focused performance evaluation, project champion, and business and IT infrastructure”. The result from analysis also showed a correlation between IT professionals and several CSFs such as “selection of ERP, system quality, user training and involvement, post-implementation evaluation, business plan and vision, change management, ERP teamwork, effective communication plan, and business and IT infrastructure”.