The aim of this study is to analyze how eight women, through autobiographies, describe their experiences of leaving a relationship with a violent male partner. Furthermore, the purpose was also to illustrate factors that kept women from leaving the relationship and factors that encouraged them to leave. The study is mainly based on a gender perspective. In order to create a deeper understanding for the process of women leaving violent men,we included two theories in the study. The two theories are Eva Lundgren’s (2004) theory of The Normalization Process of Violence and Holmberg och Enander’s (2010) theory of the Process of Leaving Violent Men. The result shows that mens violence against women in intimate partner relationships. The result shows that women from the autobiographies tended to get used to the violence coming from their men and considered it to be a part of the relationship. Furthermore, result shows that men’s control and power over women go hand in hand, which leads to women adapting to the violent relation.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur kvinnor som blivit utsatta för våld av män i nära relationer beskriver sina erfarenheter och hur det kan förklara svårigheten att lämna den våldsamma relationen. Datamaterialet består av fyra kvinnors självbiografier som analyserats utifrån tematisk analysmetod. Resultatet visar på att mäns våld i nära relationer är en komplex problematik som kan ses utifrån olika perspektiv och påverkas av olika faktorer. Det framgick att den våldsform som samtliga kvinnor blev utsatt för var psykiskt våld men det framkom även att det psykiska våldet kombinerades med någon annan form av våld och att de olika våldsformerna förstärkte varandra. Merparten av kvinnorna gav uttryck för beskrivningar som är förenlig med normaliseringsprocessen men resultatet av analysen påvisade att det inte alltid behöver vara så. Det känslomässiga bandet som skapas i relationens inledning har en betydande faktor genom hela relationen och är en förklaring till varför kvinnan stannar kvar i relationen. Utifrån kvinnornas beskrivningar av det upplevda våldet kan mäns våld mot kvinnor i nära relationer tolkas som ett uttryck för makt, kontroll och dominans över kvinnan. / The purpose of this study is to investigate how women who have been subjected to violence by men in close relationships describe their experiences and how it can explain the difficulty of leaving the violent relationships. The data material consists of four women's autobiographies that has been analyzed based on a thematic method of analysis. The result shows that men's violence in close relationships is a complex problem that can be seen from different perspectives and influenced by various factors. It emerged that the form of violence that all women were exposed to was psychological violence, but it also emerged that the psychological violence was combined with some other form of violence and that the various forms of violence reinforced each other. Most of the women expressed descriptions that are compatible with the normalization process, but the results of the analysis showed that this does not always have to be the case. The emotional bond that is created in the beginning of the relationship has a significant factor throughout the relationship and is an explanation for why the woman stays in the relationship. Based on women's descriptions of perceived violence, men's violence against women in close relationships can be interpreted as an expression of power, control and dominance over the woman.

Föreliggande kvalitativa intervjustudie bygger på intervjuer med åtta kvinnor som i förfluten tid levt i en relation med förekomst av våld. Syftet med studien var att belysa heteronormativa kvinnors upplevelser av vad de anser har varit skadligt och/eller hjälpsamt i samband med och efter uppbrottet från en våldsam relation. Studien syftade även till att utröna förekomsten av kunskap, stödinsatser, behov och utmaningar som ställts under läknings- och återhämtningsprocessen. Det krävs större bildning om våld i nära relation på alla samhällsnivåer för att få en förståelse för hur hjälpinsatser och bemötande av kvinnor och barn bäst bör tillämpas. Det råder även brist på studier utifrån kvinnors egna upplevelser och insikter kring våldets mekanismer. Många kvinnor drabbas årligen av våldets konsekvenser, där förekomst och utevaro av kunskap och förmåga till stödjande hjälpinsatser i samhället kommit att påverka alla led av kvinnors uppbrotts-, läknings- och återhämtningsprocess. / The present qualitative interview studies are based on interviews with eight women who in the past have lived in a relationship with the occurrence of violence. The aim of this study was to illustrate heteronormative women's experiences of what they consider having been harmful and/or helpful in connection with and after the breakup from a violent relationship. The study also aimed to determine the prevalence of knowledge, support, needs and challenges that have been posed during the healing and recovery process. There is a need for greater education about domestic violence at all levels of society to gain an understanding of how relief efforts and the treatment of women and children should best be applied. There is also a lack of studies based on women's own experiences and insights into the mechanisms of violence. Many women are affected annually by the consequences of violence, where the presence and absence of knowledge and the ability to provide supportive assistance in society has come to affect all stages of the women's break-up, healing, and recovery process.

Denna kvalitativa studie syftar att utifrån ett genusperspektiv undersöka hur tre kvinnor tagit sig ur nära relationer till våldsutövande män. Vidare undersöks de möjligheter och hinder som återfinns i processen samt hur uppbrottet kan förstås i relation till samhällets genusordning. Empirin består av tre våldsutsatta kvinnors självbiografier och har analyserats med hjälp av tematisk analys. Studiens teoretiska verktyg utgörs av Lundgrens (2004) teori om normaliseringsprocessen, Holmberg och Enanders (2011) teori om uppbrottsprocessen samt Hirdmans (2003) teori om genussystemet. Resultatet visar att kvinnors uppbrottsprocess präglas av ett starkt emotionellt band samt mannens växling mellan värme och våld. Dessa faktorer samt mannens makt- och kontrollstrategier bidrar till maktobalansen i relationen. För att återfå kontroll har kvinnorna olika anpassnings- och motståndsstrategier. Trots att detta i de flesta fall leder till gränsförskjutning och normalisering av våldet, påvisar det att kvinnorna inte är "passiva offer" som stereotypen av den våldsutsatta kvnnan lyder. Denna kvalitativa studie visar mäns våld mot kvinnor kopplat till genusperspektiv. Dock har vi funnit att detta perspektiv inte visar hur kvinnor inte är underordnade i alla lägen samt att dem på en individuell nivå utövar motstånd mot makt och förtryck. / This qualitative study aims to examine three women's processes of leaving relationships to violent men from a gender perspective. Furthermore, this study examines the possibilities and obstacles that may arise during the process, as well as how leaving a violent relationship can be understood in regard to society's gender system. The data consists of three autobiographies of women who are victims of domestic violence and analyzed using thematic analysis. The study's theoretical tools are provided by Lundgren's (2004) theory of the normalization process, Holmberg and Enander's (2011) theory of the leaving process and Hirdman's (2003) theory of the gender system. The results show that the leaving process features a strong emotional bond and the man's transition from love to violence. It is these factors that along with the man's power and control strategies that together contribute to the imbalance of power in the relationship. To regain control, women have different strategies of adaption and resistance. Although in most cases this leads to a shift of boundries and a normalization of the violence, it shows that women are not "passive victims" like the stereotypical abused woman. This qualitative study shows men's violence against women in relation to gender perspective. However, we have found that the theory does not provide a perspective that shows how women are not always subordinated and that on an individual level exert resistance against power and oppression.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a fast-paced technology which can be found in different organizations, including the public sector of Sweden. This advanced tool implies many new work processes and an executive of sufficient basic information for such implementation. While finding a usage within the public sector, a problem occurs around how to and what is needed regarding the integration and processes for a complete normalization of the AI usage. Based on the following research question “What are the main challenges for public sector organizations when it comes to normalizing the use of AI in daily tasks?”, the aim of this thesis is therefore to investigate the key obstacles hindering the integration of AI tools into routine tasks. Through eight semi-structured interviews grounded in the Normalization Process Theory (NPT), the study explores theoretical frameworks surrounding AI, which includes generative AI, and an examination of AI implementations within the public sector context. The conclusion of this thesis reveals several obstacles preventing a complete normalization of AI within the public sector. These include the absence of clear guidelines regarding AI usage, lack of legitimacy for AI tools in current workflows, insufficient competence and development opportunities, and limited resources for AI advancement and utilization. These insights show the many challenges the public sector encounters in embracing AI, and furthermore a need for comprehensive strategies to address these obstacles to facilitate the seamless integration of AI technologies into daily operations.

Studiens syfte är att undersöka vilka metoder som används i behandlingsarbetet med män som utövar våld i nära relationer, hur våldsutövare beskrivs i forskningen samt vilka faktorer som lyfts som viktiga i behandlingen.  Studiens metod är en allmän litteraturöversikt och empirin består av 11 vetenskapliga artiklar. Empirin analyseras genom en tematisk analys. Teoriska utgångspunkter för studien är hegemonisk maskulinitet, normaliseringsprocessen samt social inlärningsteori. I den tematiska analysen identifieras två huvudteman med totalt fem tillhörande underteman. Studiens första huvudtema är Behandlarens betydelse med underteman Alliansbyggande samt Behandlingsmetoder. Studiens andra huvudtema är Våldsutövaren med underteman Motivation till behandling, Emotionell kompetens samt Psykisk hälsa. Studien redogör för vad forskningen säger om såväl behandlarens som våldsutövarens roller och förutsättningar och betydelse i behandling. Studiens resultat diskuteras i förhållande till forskningsfrågorna och de teoretiska utgångspunkterna. / The purpose of this study is to investigate the methods used in the treatment of men who have perpetrated intimate partner violence (IPV), how perpetrators are described in research, and which factors are identified as important in treatment. The study uses a general literature review method, and the empirical data consists of 11 scientific articles. The data is analyzed using thematic analysis. The theoretical frameworks for the study are hegemonic masculinity, the normalization process, and social learning theory. The thematic analysis identified two main themes with a total of five subthemes. The first main theme is "The Importance of the Therapist" with the subthemes "Alliance Building" and "Treatment Methods". The second main theme is "The Perpetrator" with the subthemes "Motivation for Treatment", "Emotional Competence" and "Mental Health". The study describes what research says about the roles and conditions of both the therapist and the perpetrator, and their importance in treatment. The results of the study are discussed in relation to the research questions and the theoretical frameworks.

Introduction : Le cadre de la gouvernance clinique a été développé afin d’atteindre de hauts standards de qualité de soins et de services, en conjuguant les notions d’amélioration continue de la qualité, d’excellence clinique et d’imputabilité corporative. La présente démarche doctorale avait pour objectif de comprendre le processus d’institutionnalisation de la gouvernance clinique dans un centre de réadaptation. Méthodologie : Une synthèse méta-narrative de 65 documents répertoriés dans 4 bases de données bibliographiques sur la conceptualisation et la mise en œuvre de la gouvernance clinique a été menée. Une étude qualitative de cas unique a été menée dans un centre de réadaptation en déficience intellectuelle et en troubles du spectre de l’autisme, au Québec (Canada). En mobilisant les cinq construits du cadre conceptuel basé sur théorie du processus de normalisation (cohérence, participation cognitive, action collective, suivi réflexif et contexte organisationnel), une analyse thématique des entrevues individuelles auprès de 22 participants (5 administrateurs, 11 gestionnaires et 6 cliniciens) et de 3 groupes de discussion auprès de 8 cliniciens et de 4 proches d’usagers a été menée. Enfin, une analyse d’une centaine de documents administratifs du Centre a été effectuée. Résultats : L’analyse de la littérature a permis de constater que le cadre de la gouvernance clinique est un concept en évolution et encore perçu comme une avenue intéressante pour l’amélioration de la qualité des soins. Toutefois, la confusion autour de sa définition et de sa conceptualisation ainsi que les difficultés de sa mise en œuvre demeurent des enjeux pour les organisations. Par la mobilisation du cadre de gouvernance clinique, la haute direction du centre de réadaptation à l’étude a souhaité systématiser le processus d’amélioration continue de la qualité des services offerts aux usagers et à leurs proches par l’adoption des bonnes pratiques de gouvernance. Ce virage a été bien reçu par les administrateurs et les gestionnaires, résultant sur une participation active et un fort engagement aux activités de leur part. La complexité du cadre et l’absence d’implication des cliniciens dans le processus de mise en œuvre ont créé chez ces derniers une appréhension quant à l’apport de la gouvernance clinique pour la pratique clinique et le bien-être des usagers. Les cliniciens ont dénoncé l’absence d’arrimage entre la théorie et les réalités de la pratique clinique ; la grande vitesse d’implantation et une approche décisionnelle de type top-down comme des enjeux de l’institutionnalisation de la gouvernance clinique. Pour les gestionnaires, les défis ont été la mise en place des moyens de communication efficaces ; l’arrimage des mécanismes de gestion et la disponibilité des ressources humaines. Pour les administrateurs, l’enjeu principal a été l’instabilité des contextes organisationnels interne et externe qui a ralenti la mise en œuvre et freiné l’élaboration d’un processus évaluatif. Conclusion : L’institutionnalisation de la gouvernance clinique dans les établissements non hospitaliers offrant des services sociaux passe par la valorisation de ce concept comme un projet commun au bénéfice de l’usager en vue de renforcer la participation et l’engagement de tous et l’adoption d’une approche de partenariat entre les usagers, leurs proches et les autres acteurs de l’organisation. / Introduction: Clinical governance framework was developed in order to achieve high standards of quality of care and services, by combining the concepts of continuous quality improvement, clinical excellence and corporate accountability. The aim of this doctoral thesis was to understand the implementation process of clinical governance in a rehabilitation center. Methods: A meta-narrative synthesis on the conceptualization and implementation of clinical governance was conducted. 65 tittles screened in 4 international databases were analysing. A qualitative single case study was conducted in a rehabilitation center for intellectual disabilities and autism spectrum disorders, in Quebec (Canada). By mobilizing the five constructs of the conceptual framework based on normalization process theory (coherence, cognitive participation, collective action, reflexive monitoring and organizational context), a thematic analysis of individual interviews with 22 participants (5 administrators, 11 managers and 6 clinicians) and tree focus groups with 8 clinicians and 4 relatives of users were conducted. Finally, an analysis of around hundred administrative documents from the Center was conducted. Results: The literature revealed that the clinical governance framework is an evolving concept and still seen as an interesting avenue for improving the quality of care. However, confusion over its definition and conceptualization, and the difficulties of its implementation remain challenges for organizations. By mobilizing the clinical governance framework, the senior management of the rehabilitation center under study wished to systematize the process of continuous improvement of quality of services offered to users and their families, by adopting good governance practices. This shift was well received by administrators and managers, resulting in active participation and a strong commitment to activities. The complexity of the framework and the absence of involvement of clinicians in the implementation process have created in them an apprehension regarding the contribution of clinical governance to clinical practice and the well-being of users. Clinicians have criticized the lack of alignment between theory and the realities of clinical practice; the high speed of implementation and a top-down decision-making approach as issues of the implementation of clinical governance. For managers, the challenges have been the establishment of effective communications; the alignment of management mechanisms and the availability of human resources. For administrators, the main issue was the instability of the internal and external organizational contexts which slowed down the implementation and the development of an evaluation plan. Conclusion: The implementation of clinical governance in non-hospital facility requires the promotion of this concept as a joint project for the benefit of the user with a view to strengthening the participation and commitment of all and the adoption of a partnership approach between users, caregivers and other actors in the organization.