La distinction doctrinale des nullités relative et absolue apparaît dans notre droit au XVIe siècle. Depuis, la doctrine enseigne que de sa mise en oeuvre, découle l’entier régime d’une cause de nullité. Le caractère opératoire de cette distinction est régulièrement interrogé, voire contesté. Cette circonstance, ajoutée à celle de sa probable consécration lors de la prochaine réforme du droit des obligations, incite à éprouver la pertinence de cette distinction. Pour assurer sa fonction d’instrument de connaissance du droit, la distinction des nullités relative et absolue doit, comme toute distinction binaire, posséder trois caractéristiques : premièrement un critère de distinction solide assurant son caractère opératoire, deuxièmement une différence de régime significative entre les deux éléments composant la distinction et conférant tout son intérêt à celle-ci, troisièmement une différence de nature entre les deux composantes, établie par le critère choisi, et justifiant la disparité de régime. Or, à l’analyse, la distinction des nullités relative et absolue ne possède ni critère de distinction sûr, ni différence de régime incontestée, ni dualité de nature. L’étude de la nature de la nullité nous conduira à retenir une nature unique : la nullité sera analysée comme une sanction de la légalité, qui doit être prononcée. Le plus souvent, elle le sera par le juge et revêtira alors un caractère judiciaire. Dès lors, à l’unique nature de sanction judiciaire de la légalité il est proposé d’attacher un seul régime, autrement dit, des règles communes à toutes les causes de nullité. La nature commandant le régime, ce dernier doit être élaboré en considération de la nature de la nullité proposée. Il conviendra néanmoins de prendre également en considération les dispositions légales spécifiques à certaines causes de nullité. / The scholarly distinction of relative and absolute nullities appeared in our law during the sixteenth century. Ever since, scholarly opinion has been that the entire regime of a cause of nullity depends on the implementation of this distinction. The operational nature of this distinction is regularly questioned, and even discussed. Yet, its probable establishment by the upcoming reform of the law of obligations urges a scrutiny of this distinction’s relevance. In order to fulfil its task of knowledge of the law, the distinction of relative and absolute nullities must, like every binary distinction, possess three characteristics: firstly, a solid criterion of distinction must enable it to be operational; secondly, the two parts of the distinction must correspond to two sets of significantly different rules, this difference being the heart of the distinction; and thirdly, a difference in the nature of the two parts of the distinction, established by the chosen criterion, and justifying the difference of regimes. However, after close analysis, the distinction of relative and absolute nullities possesses neither a reliable criterion of distinction, nor an uncontested difference in the regimes, nor a duality of nature. The study of the nullity’s nature will enable us to state that nullity has a uniform nature: nullity will be analysed as a sanction of the act’s legality that must be imposed. More often than not, it will be imposed by the judge and will have a judicial nature. Thus, the uniform nature of judicial sanction of the act’s legality must correspond to a single regime, in other words it must correspond to rules that are common to all causes of nullity. Since the nature conditions the regime, the latter must be established by taking into consideration the nature of the proposed nullity. Nevertheless, it is necessary to also take into consideration the legal provisions specific to certain causes of nullity.

O declínio de casamentos, especialmente os religiosos, documentados em várias pesquisas sócio-demográficas, tem suscitado inúmeras indagações. Paralelamente a esse declínio, as uniões consensuais, que independem de vínculo civil e religioso têm aumentado e, no plano da vida cotidiana, expressam rompimentos com valores e normas tradicionais, tornando-se uma prática comum atualmente. Contudo, o fiel que contrai matrimônio na Igreja Católica e se separa do cônjuge fica proibido de participar plenamente das atividades da Igreja se constituir nova união. Entretanto, nem todo casamento católico é válido. Para verificar a validade de um casamento, o poder judiciário da Igreja, a pedido do interessado, inicia um processo de nulidade matrimonial, por meio do qual, os juízes eclesiásticos apreciam a história conjugal do casal. Após várias fases, é homologada a sentença final e se for declarada a nulidade matrimonial, o fiel pode contrair novas núpcias. Tal procedimento da Igreja ainda é pouco conhecido entre os próprios fiéis. Os colaboradores da pesquisa foram dez pessoas, cinco homens e cinco mulheres, que deram entrada ao processo de nulidade matrimonial e já conseguiram a sentença final, tendo se casado novamente. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevistas individuais, gravadas e transcritas na íntegra, e de observações registradas nas residências dos colaboradores, que foram anotadas em diário de campo. O trabalho objetivou compreender as motivações das pessoas que solicitaram a nulidade do casamento religioso através do Tribunal Eclesiástico, como souberam da possibilidade de nulidade matrimonial e por que iniciaram o processo de nulidade. Pretendeu-se ainda investigar como se deu o primeiro casamento, os significados que atribuíram à separação conjugal, como vivenciam a nova união e organizam a vida familiar após contraírem outra união e a influência que a Igreja exerce nessa nova união. A análise desses dados foi qualitativa e está fundamentada em referenciais teóricos da Psicologia, da Antropologia e do Direito Canônico. A análise dos dados indica que desde o início da primeira união o relacionamento com o cônjuge mostrou-se pouco profundo, e a isso foram se somando diversas dificuldades, inclusive a infidelidade, apontada como um dos motivos de separação. Os colaboradores descreveram o período da separação e o da tramitação do processo de nulidade matrimonial como doloroso, mas o fato de terem se casado novamente na Igreja - direito adquirido com a declaração de nulidade do casamento - é percebido e avaliado como conquista positiva, que contribui para o êxito do matrimônio atual. A interpretação dos dados aponta ainda que diversas instâncias da Igreja podem atuar em trabalhos preventivos para que as pastorais, especialmente a do curso de noivos, ofereçam formação adequada para a orientação dos nubentes. / The decline of marriages, especially the religious ones, well documented in several socio-demographic researches, has raised countless issues. Aside to this fall, the consensual unions that do not depend on civil and religious bond have grown daily and they express the rupture of traditional values and rules, which has become a pervasive practice nowadays. However, the churchgoer who marries in the Catholic Church and later separates from his or her spouse becomes prohibited from fully partaking in the Church activities if a new union may happen. Nevertheless, not every Catholic marriage is valid. In order to verify the authenticity of a marriage, upon request of the interested person, the judiciary power of the Church initiates a matrimonial nullity process in which the ecclesiastic judges examine the conjugal history of the couple. After several phases, a final sentence is homologated and if the matrimonial nullity is granted, the churchgoer is deemed enabled to remarry. Such Church procedure is little known among the churchgoers. There were ten research collaborators, five men and five women, who began the matrimonial nullity process. They were awarded the final sentence and have already remarried. The data collection was acquired through personal interviews, recorded and entirely transcribed, and from observations registered within the collaborators households, which were noted in a field diary. The project aimed to comprehend the motivation of the people requesting the religious matrimonial nullity through the Ecclesiastic Tribunal, how they found out the possibility of such process, and the reasons for pursuing it. In addition, this project sought to investigate details on how the first marriage happened, the meaning allotted to the marital separation, how the new union is lived as a family life after the new union, and the influence that the Church has in this new union. The analysis of these data was qualitative as it is supported by theoretical references of Psychology, Anthropology, and Canonized Law. The data analysis indicates that since the beginning of the first union the relationship with the spouse was not profound. As a result, various difficulties began to add up including infidelity, which was appointed as one of the reasons for the separation. The collaborators described the period of separation and the matrimonial nullity process as painful, however the fact of having been able to marry in the Church again a right acquired with the declaration of the matrimonial nullity is perceived and appraised as a positive accomplishment, which contributes to the success of the current matrimony. Furthermore, the data interpretation also reveals that various jurisdictions of the Church can act in preventive works so that the pastoral, particularly the pre-marital counseling courses, offer an adequate foundation for the orientation of the betrothed.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexandre Jose Marcondes.pdf: 1093763 bytes, checksum: 732e43c109b65ab81e68da5ddd734491 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-18 / The scope of this study is to promote a contemporary approach on the theme of defect in the procedural acts and their consequences for the process. From the summarization of the studies undertaken on the subject, its purpose is to verify how the concepts and classifications coined by the doctrine over the years remain appropriate with the current understanding of the process especially when faced with the guiding principles inserted in the legal system by the Law 13.105 of 16 March 2015. Considering the emphasis conferred by the new procedural diploma to principles such as the cooperation and preponderance of the judgment on the merits as well as the contemporary reading of adversarial principie to be influential power, it is elaborated an analysis of the impact of the topics above regarding the discipline of procedural nullity. In addition to the analytical comparison/confrontation between the provision CPC/1973 and CPC/2015, this is an attempt to distinguish specific elements of the coming procedural system capable of indicating a need to reorganize the discipline given to the subject / O presente trabalho tem como escopo promover uma abordagem contemporânea acerca do tema vícios dos atos processuais e suas consequências para o processo. A partir da sumarização dos estudos empreendidos sobre a temática, busca-se verificar o quão consentâneos com a atual compreensão do processo permanecem os conceitos e classificações cunhados pela doutrina ao longo dos anos, sobretudo, quando em confronto com as diretrizes principiológicas inseridas no ordenamento jurídico pela Lei nº 13.105, de 16 de março de 2015. Diante do realce conferido pelo novo diploma processual a princípios como o da cooperação e o da preponderância do julgamento de mérito, bem como da leitura contemporânea do contraditório como poder de influência, elabora-se análise da repercussão destes no tocante à disciplina das invalidades processuais. Para além do cotejo analítico entre os dispositivos do CPC/1973 e o CPC/2015, laborou-se na tentativa de distinguir elementos particularizadores do sistema processual vindouro capazes de indicar uma necessidade de reorganização da disciplina conferida à matéria

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-07-05T12:39:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 André Araújo de Oliveira.pdf: 1066674 bytes, checksum: 4fc8e537a27033513c9fcc5fbbdbb3be (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-05T12:39:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 André Araújo de Oliveira.pdf: 1066674 bytes, checksum: 4fc8e537a27033513c9fcc5fbbdbb3be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Disregard of legal personality is provided for in our legal system, but until the recent amendment to the Code of Civil Procedure in 2015, without any form of application. Thus, it was up to the magistrate, through provocation of the party, to adopt the procedure he considered most appropriate. The legal forecast of the procedural incident removed the legal uncertainty that existed until then, so that the parties begin to know, in advance, the procedural track to discuss their incidence. In the Labor Procedural Law, there was already an indication of the application of the incident, via a subsidiary invocation of the general procedural rules, including the manifestation of the TST in this sense. Doubts were buried with the labor reform, brought by Law 13467/2017, which was clear in this regard. In order to understand the logic of the incident in this specialized, this thesis proposes the presentation of the principles of the work process, the scope of the civil process subsidiarity to the labor process, with the discussions around this theme, as well as the own institute of the disregard of personality and, of course, by the consequences of its non-observance by the Labor Judge, since even if labor reform had room for discussion, the legal amendment, as already mentioned, leaves no room for understanding other than its observance. It is also proposed to discuss the incident of disregard of the legal personality, invoking the principles that underpin its relevance, the general power of caution and the protection of urgency as a possible justification to avoid the need to install the incident, as well as the official impulse and possible resources to be handled in the reception or request for disregard of legal personality / A desconsideração da personalidade jurídica está prevista em nosso ordenamento jurídico, mas até a recente alteração no Código de Processo Civil, em 2015, sem regramento quanto à forma de sua aplicação. Assim, cabia ao magistrado, via provocação da parte, adotar o trâmite que entendesse mais adequado. A previsão legal do incidente processual afastou a insegurança jurídica até então existente, de tal modo que as partes passam a conhecer, de antemão, o trilhar processual para discussão de sua incidência. No Direito Processual do Trabalho, já havia indicação da aplicação do incidente, via invocação subsidiária das normas processuais gerais, inclusive com manifestação do TST. As dúvidas foram sepultadas com a reforma trabalhista, trazida pela Lei 13.467/2017, que foi clara nesse sentido. Para entendimento da lógica do incidente nessa especializada, esta tese propõe a apresentação dos princípios do processo do trabalho, o alcance da subsidiariedade do processo civil ao processo do trabalho, com as discussões em torno desse tema, bem como o próprio instituto da desconsideração da personalidade jurídica, passando, obviamente, pelas consequências de sua não observância pelo juiz do trabalho. Visto que, até a reforma trabalhista havia espaço para discussão, a alteração legal, como já mencionado, não deixa espaços para entendimento outro que não a sua observância. Propõe-se, também, a discussão do próprio incidente de desconsideração da personalidade jurídica, invocando os princípios que sustentam sua relevância, o poder geral de cautela e a tutela de urgência como possível justificativa para afastar a necessidade da instauração do incidente, assim como o impulso oficial e os recursos possíveis de serem manejados diante do acolhimento ou do pedido de desconsideração da personalidade jurídica

Action for retrial and for nullity Abstract This diploma thesis deals with action for retrial and for nullity. The aim is to provide a systematic interpretation about both of these institutes and characterize them in a system of extraordinary remedies. Although both of them are regulated in part four chapter two of the Act No. 99/1963 Coll., Civil Procedure Code, as amended, their respective purposes are completely different. Action for retrial serves for a remedy of factual defects as a final decision could not stand due to a fundamental change of facts whereas action for nullity serves for a remedy of important procedural defects which affected court decision itself or proceeding preceding it. Both institutes can challenge a final decision and break the legal certainty brought by it. This diploma thesis contains four chapters. The first of them deals with remedial systems and remedies containing a brief characteristic of individual types of remedial systems and remedies. The second chapter addressing action for retrial and the third chapter dealing with action for nullity represent main parts of the thesis. Division into subchapters is almost identical for both of them and the subchapters cover the following topics: historical development of both institutes, conditions of and grounds for admissibility,...

This thesis titled "The Relevance of Medical Opinion at the Commencement and Termination of Employment" deals with the need and use of medical opinions in employment relations issues. The introductory chapter briefly describes the employer's duty to take care of his employees' health as it is a part of Occupational Health and Safety rules. The following part is dedicated to the general legislation on company health care services, mainly to the Specific Health care Services Act (373/2011 Sb.). The chapters describe the system of relations between the employer and the company health care services provider which is a business relation. Then the author describes company medical examinations, specifically entrance and extraordinary medical examinations. Also formal requirements of medical opinions and their issue terms can be found it this part. The final chapter of the first part is dedicated to the possibility of medical opinions to be reviewed at administrative procedure or others; important case law is presented. The second part of the thesis is dedicated to medical opinions at commencement of employment and their relevance. The opening chapter of this second part deals with the legal situation as it was effective until October 31st , 2017 when the law required to undergo the entrance medical...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marly Moreira Couto Criales.pdf: 1145000 bytes, checksum: 3409d199ea2e03cb7d567426b0a0aa9d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-04 / This paper s purpose is to study the invalidities on the tax notice for disrespect of mandatory requirements for its transcription with the purpose of determining the criteria for the classification of types of invalidities, defects and their effects, related to the requirements of act 10 of decree 70.235 /72. The study begins with the understanding of the rules of law as a construction of the human being to interpret the texts of law and give them meaning. It works invalidity as the antithesis of validity, and analyzes the concepts of validity, existence and effectiveness of legal standards. Then, it studies the tax notice as an administrative act to define that their requirements for transcription are composed of intrinsic elements and assumptions of validity. Finally, it analyzes the theories of invalidity and its application in Tax Law, to conclude that there are two types of invalidity, nullity and voidability, which relate to material and formal defects / O objetivo do trabalho é estudar as invalidades no auto de infração por desrespeito aos requisitos obrigatórios para a sua lavratura, com a finalidade de determinar os critérios de classificação das espécies de invalidades, vícios e seus efeitos, relacionado aos requisitos no art. 10 do Decreto n°. 70.235/72. O estudo tem início com o entendimento de norma jurídica como uma construção do ser humano ao interpretar os textos de lei e atribuir-lhes significação. Trabalha a invalidade como antítese da validade, e analisa os conceitos de validade, existência e eficácia das normas jurídica. Em seguida, estuda o auto de infração como ato administrativo para definir que os seus requisitos de lavratura são compostos de elementos intrínsecos e pressupostos de validade. Por fim, analisa as teorias de invalidade e sua aplicação no Direito Tributário, para concluir que são duas as espécies de invalidade, nulidade e anulabilidade, as quais se relacionam com os vícios materiais e formais

El presente trabajo trata acerca de la subsanación de los defectos procesales en el procedimiento civil español. Se funda en la tesis de la subsanación como el mecanismo prioritario de eliminación de imperfecciones, por sobre la nulidad o la inadmisión, lo que se explica por la clara inspiración antiformalista del sistema procesal vigente y, al menos en lo que respecta a las actuaciones de parte, por el influjo de la tutela judicial efectiva, como garantía procesal de rango constitucional. La investigación comienza situando histórica y conceptualmente la subsanación, para luego analizarla dentro del contexto de la teoría de la invalidez procesal y concluir estudiando sus aspectos procedimentales más relevantes. Todo lo anterior, con el objetivo de elaborar un estudio sistemático de una institución que ha adquirido gran trascendencia práctica, pero ha gozado de poca atención por parte de la doctrina. / This work is about the correction of the procedural defects in the Spanish civil procedure. It is based on the assumption that the correction is a priority mechanism to eliminate imperfections, over the invalidity or rejection, which is explained by the anti-formalist inspiration of the current procedural system and, at least with respect to the actions of part by the influence of effective judicial protection as a constitutional right. The research begins by situating historically and conceptually the correction. Then, it analyzes the correction within the context of the theory of procedural invalidity and concludes by studying its most important procedural aspects. The objective is to develop a systematic study of an institution that has acquired great practical importance, but has enjoyed little attention by the doctrine.

What happens to the third party that, in good faith, acquires rights from a subject whose title is not valid? With few exceptions, the Peruvian Civil Code leaves him unprotected. In this article, the author evaluates the specific solutions contained in the Peruvian Civil Code; analyzes the answers that foreign legislations present; and, finally, proposes a solution to protect the third parties in good faith who acquire rights from an apparent owner. / ¿Qué ocurre con el tercero que, de buena fe, adquiere derechos de un sujeto cuyo título es inválido? Salvo algunas excepciones, el Código Civil peruano lo deja desprotegido. En este artículo, la autora evalúa las soluciones específicas que contiene el Código Civil peruano; analiza las respuestas que presentan legislaciones extranjeras; y, finalmente, propone una solución para dar protección a los terceros de buena fe que adquieren derechos de un titular aparente.

Marriage is one of the most important socialand legal institutions of humanity. Over time, its concept has varied and has adapted to thesocial and cultural evolution of our societies.In this article, the author proposes a new constitutional concept of marriage, which includes same-sex couples, explaining also the role that the principle of promotion of marriage, protected in the Constitution, plays in its configuration. / El matrimonio es una de las instituciones sociales y jurídicas más importantes de la humanidad. A lo largo del tiempo, su concepto ha variado y ha ido adaptándose a la evoluciónsocial y cultural de nuestra sociedad.En este artículo, el autor postula un nuevo concepto constitucional del matrimonio, el cual incluye a las personas del mismo sexo, explicando también el rol que cumple en su configuración el principio de promoción del matrimonio amparado en la Constitución.