The purpose of this phenomenological multi-case study and three-person interview, was to discover what select prominent African-American scientists perceived were obstacles to overcome to be successful leaders in their professional lives, and the opportunities that aided in their professional growth. Through the addition of the threeperson interview, the researcher discovered commonalities between the perceived obstacles and opportunities of current science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) professionals and the perceptions of selected historically prominent scientists. This study examined documents of the period and relics of prominent African- Americans who were in STEM fields and lived from 1860 to 1968. A description of the setting that influenced how the scientists perceived the phenomenon was written with the approach being anchored in the social constructivist tradition. Commonalities emerged through coding experiences of the individuals, which yielded patterns to help explain the phenomenon. By investigating their perceptions, insight was gained into understanding the attributes, tools and skills, and tailored experiences that encouraged Thomas Burton, Kelly Miller, George Carver, Daniel Williams, Matthew Henson, Ernest Just, Charles Drew, Percy Julian, William Cobb, and Benjamin Peery to achieve success in STEM fields between 1860 and 1968. The significance of the study is multifaceted: understanding the obstacles that African-American scientists had to overcome in their professional lives can result in the development of science educators who are better informed regarding the appropriate types of assistance that can be provided to aid their students in overcoming obstacles. This can hopefully increase their opportunities to succeed within the science field. This study can result in the development of science educators who are more sensitive in addressing the needs of the developing minority student, and can encourage, educate, and enlist more individuals to enter into the dialogue regarding the disparity of minority representation in STEM fields. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2017. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Introduktion: Det beräknas att det finns över 350 000 personer med diabetes i Sverige (Diabetesförbundet, 2016). WHO (2015) förutspår att fram till år 2030 kommer dubbelt så många vara drabbade av diabetes. Viktigt är att distriktsköterskan kan tolka, förstå och ge det stöd som varje unik individ behöver för ett framgångsrikt arbete med egenvården. Dessutom är en ökad förståelse och kunskap om patientens möjligheter, hinder samt att förstå sammanhanget ur patientens synvinkel betydelsefullt. Syftet med studien var att beskriva patienters möjligheter och hinder för att uppnå för en god egenvård vid Diabetes Mellitus typ 2. Metod: För att svara på syftet gjordes en litteraturstudie som följde Statens beredning för medicinsk utvärderings SBU:s sju steg. Tretton vetenskapliga artiklar användes för att svara på syftet varav elva är kvalitativa samt två är kvantitativa. Resultat redovisas i en syntes med tre huvudteman: kommunikation/kunskap, socialt och kulturellt. Rätt information ger kunskap för att uppnå god egenvård. Socialt stöd från närstående och ekonomiska resurser är också en avgörande faktorer. Olika kulturer påverkar de val som personer med DM2 gör i vardagen. Kostförändringar upplevs av de flesta som det svåraste att genomför i egenvården. Konklusion: Att drabbas av DM2 ställer stora krav på patienterna. Hälsotillståndet är beroende av de val den enskilde patienten gör i vardagen.   En ökad förståelse för vad patienter med DM2 upplever som hinder och möjligheter vid egenvård kan gör det lättare för vårdpersonal att ge rätt stöd och hjälp för att uppnå deras egenvårdsmål. / Introduction: It is estimated that there are over 350,000 people with diabetes in Sweden (Diabetes Association, 2016). WHO (2015) predicts that in 2030 there will be twice as many who sufferers of diabetes. It is important that the district nurse can interpret, understand and provide the support that each unique individual needs for success with self-care. In addition, a greater understanding and knowledge of the patient's opportunities, barriers, and to understand the context of the patient's point of view is significant. Aim: The purpose of the study is to describe the patient's opportunities and obstacles to achieve a good self-care for Diabetes Mellitus type 2. Method: To answer the purpose of a literature review followed the Swedish Council for Medical Evaluation SBU's seven steps. Thirteen scientific papers were used to answer the purpose of which eleven are qualitative and two quantitative. Results are presented in a synthesis with three main themes: communication / knowledge, socially and culturally. Right information brings knowledge to achieve good self-care. Social support from family and financial resources is also crucial factors. Different cultures influence the choices that individuals with DM2 do in everyday life. Dietary changes are perceived by most as the most difficult to implement in your own care. Conclusion: To suffer from DM2 places great demands on the patients. The state of health is dependent on the choices that the individual patient does in everyday life. An improved understanding of what patients with DM2 perceive as obstacles and opportunities for self-care can make it easier for health professionals to provide the right help and support to achieve their goal of self care.

BACKGROUND: Nurses working in intensive care units (ICUs) frequently care for patients and their families at the end-of-life (EOL). Providing high quality EOL care is important for both patients and families, yet ICU nurses face many obstacles that hinder EOL care. Researchers have identified various ICU nurse-perceived obstacles, but no studies have been found addressing the progress that has been made over the last 17 years.OBJECTIVE: To determine the most common and current obstacles in EOL care as perceived by ICU nurses and then to evaluate whether or not meaningful changes have occurred since data were first gathered in 1998.METHODS: A quantitative-qualitative mixed methods design was used. A random, geographically dispersed sample of 2,000 members of the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses was surveyed.RESULTS: Five obstacle items increased in mean score and rank as compared to 1999 data including: (1) family not understanding what the phrase "life-saving measures" really means; (2) providing life-saving measures at families' requests despite patient's advance directive listing no such care; (3) family not accepting patient's poor prognosis; (4) family members fighting about use of life support; and, (5) not enough time to provide EOL care because the nurse is consumed with life-saving measures attempting to save the patient's life. Five obstacle items decreased in mean score and rank compared to 1999 data including (1) physicians differing in opinion about care of the patient; (2) family and friends who continually call the nurse rather than calling the designated family member; (3) physicians who are evasive and avoid families; (4) nurses having to deal with angry families; and, (5) nurses not knowing their patient's wishes regarding continuing with tests and treatments.CONCLUSIONS: Obstacles in EOL care, as perceived by critical care nurses, still exist. Family-related obstacles have increased over time and may not be easily overcome as each family, dealing with a dying family member in an ICU, likely has never experienced a similar situation. Based on the current top five obstacles, recommendations for possible areas of focus may include (1) improved nursing assessment regarding the health literacy of families followed with directed, appropriate, and specific EOL information, (2) improved care coordination between physicians and other health care providers to facilitate sharing care plans, (3) advanced directives that are followed as written by patients, (4) designated family contact communicating with family and friends regarding patient information, and, finally, (5) earlier, transparent discussions of patient prognoses as disease processes advance and patient conditions deteriorate.

This paper explores educator perceptions of gifted and talented (GT) English language (ELL) students. This study identifies barriers for identification and service for GT/ELL students and highlights ways to support students through current efforts for students who fit these criteria. Educators from two elementary schools were interviewed in this qualitative study. The schools were chosen due to their high population of ELL students. The roles of professional development (PD) and best practices for identification of underrepresented students are discussed. Five main themes emerged from interviews of educators that work with GT/ELL students. The themes are obstacles, perception, referral, professional development, and, modification.

This study had three purposes: first, explore any common phenomenon of secondary mathematics teachers’ experience in secondary mathematics professional development (MPD); second, determine if there were positive changes in teacher attitudes after completing secondary MPD; and finally, if a positive change in teacher attitude was identified, describe the shared experiences in secondary MPD to in a way that cannot be revealed through ordinary observations. It was the intent of this study to identify positive changes in teacher attitudes not to measure their magnitude. This study implemented a mixed methods design using descriptive statistics and categorical analysis on data from pre- and post-surveys to search for any positive change in teacher attitudes and data analysis from in-depth interviews of participants of a MPD experience. The study had two research questions. The first research question was, “Can teachers with initially poor attitudes about MPD gain positive attitudes in one or more of the four areas of MPD through mandated participation in MPD?” The second was, “If a change in teacher attitude is identified, can phenomena associated with that change be categorized within one or more of the four areas of MPD?” Three instruments were used: electronic versions of the Local Systematic Change Through Teacher Enhancement Mathematics 6-12 Survey referred to as Survey 1 and a self-report survey referred to as Survey 2, as well as multiple in-depth interviews of select participants of a common MPD. Analysis of data from Survey 1 identified eight participants as possible candidates to participate in the interview process of which six were supported by data from Survey 2. Four of the six candidates accepted an invitation to participate in two in-depth interviews each. There was evidence that teachers with initially poor attitudes about MPD can gain positive attitudes in one or more of the four domains of MPD after participating in mandated MPD. However, the answer to the second research question remained unanswered because results from data analysis were inconclusive. Three recurring themes surfaced from the interviews: (a) the need for explicit learning targets, (b) need for professional treatment of participants, and (c) obstacles to the four domains of MPD.

Le probleme aborde dans ce mémoire est celui de la planification des mouvements d'un mobile a soumis a des contraintes cinématiques et dynamiques et se déplaçant dans un espace de travail dynamique w. Ce mémoire défend la thèse selon laquelle le probleme considère, connu pour être complexe, peut entre résolu de façon efficace lorsqu'il existe une structuration de w naturelle pour a, i.e. Lorsqu'il est possible de structurer w en un ensemble de zones libres a l'intérieur desquelles a peut se déplacer. Dans ce cas, le probleme peut être aborde suivant deux directions complémentaires: 1) la planification de chemin qui prend en compte les contraintes cinématiques de a et les obstacles fixes de w, et; 2) la planification de trajectoire qui prend en compte les contraintes dynamiques de a et les obstacles mobiles de w. Ce mémoire traite le cas d'une voiture dans le réseau routier. Les zones libres sont alors définies par les voies de circulation. A est soumis a une contrainte cinématique non-holonome qui l'oblige a se déplacer dans une direction perpendiculaire a l'axe de ses roues. De plus, le rayon de braquage, l'accélération et la vitesse de a sont limites. Nous commençons par présenter deux techniques de resolution propres a chacune des deux planifications mentionnées ci-dessus et bien adaptées au contexte dans lequel nous nous plaçons. Puis, nous montrons comment intégrer ces deux techniques au sein d'un système de planification de mouvement qui permet de résoudre efficacement le probleme considéré

<p>Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the innovation process of companies, and to analyse how important success factors and obstacles are in their innovation process.</p><p>Method: The investigation strategy used for this essay was to interview companies that work with innovations. The essay has a qualitative approach. Both primary – in the form of interviews - and secondary data – literature found in books, scientific articles and internet - have been used to achieve our results.</p><p>Results: The result of this essay is: there is not just one inovation process that is applicable to all companies. On the other hand, there are some guidelines that could be followed in the process. Some success factors are more important than others and companies do not take given obstacles into consideration.</p>

<p>The aim of this paper is to examine how mid-level executive officers within Swedish Police respond to subordinates autonomous behaviour, mainly according to Lipsky´s theory on street-level bureaucracy. Questions focused on are:</p><p>1. Which personnel related obstacles, are preventing the executive officers?</p><p>2. How do executive officers counter obstacles?</p><p>3. If possible, based on the result of the study, which are the conclusions about existing countermeasures?</p><p>The papers´ aim is not to suggest which obstacles should be removed, nor if countermeasures are good/bad. Main aim is to identify how obstacles are countered. Theory and method are built on framework of Case Study. The method is built on theoretic examination of obstacles to examine concepts´ size and then interviews to confirm the obstacles and identify countermeasures. Conclusion of the first question is that obstacles are omnipresent in the governmental and societal systems. Conclusion of the second question is that obstacles are countered by friendly approach and to ally oneself to staff and personnel. Conclusion of the last question is that a mid-level executive through his allying enhances some behaviour, as long as more-wanted behaviours are produced with quality. This has effect upon society when combating crime, but is probably not likely to measure effectively.</p>

<p>Detta är en fallstudie som handlar om arbetet med en sångelev som påstod sig inte kunna sjunga. Eleven hade byggt upp stora mentala hinder kring sin sångförmåga, och studien tar upp dessa hinder samt de processer som utlöstes vid försöken att komma runt dem.Syftet med studien är att undersöka tankegångarna kring undervisningen av eleven samt de övningar som användes. Studien belyser också de processer eleven och läraren gick igenom samt diskuterar deras betydelse och innebörd.Studien bygger på lärarens anteckningar från 30 lektionstillfällen, utspridda på ca två år, samt lärarens och elevens reflektioner efteråt.Resultatet visar några av de processer som bildades under arbetets gång, samt att eleven kunde klara av mer än hon trott var möjligt genom att utveckla rätt inställning och ha tillgång till bra verktyg.</p> / <p>This is a case study about a voice student who was certain she could not learn to sing. The student experienced severe mental impediments concerning her ability to sing. The study deals with these impediments and the processes involved while trying to overcome them.The purpose of this study is to closely examine the process of reasoning concerning the teaching and the applied exercises. The study also illuminates the processes the student and the teacher went through together, and discusses their meaning and consequence.The study is based on notes made by the teacher during 30 lessons covering a period of about two years, and subsequent reflections made by the teacher and student.The result shows some of the processes which emerged during the work, and that the student could manage more than she thought was possible by developing the right attitude and by gaining access to suitable tools.</p>

The aim of this thesis is to identify some of the obstacles to trade, that occurs on the common market, and to analyse the errors that still occurs in the national authorities application of the principle of mutual recognition. Is the principle of mutual recognition sufficient for the creation of a common market, or is there a need for additional measures to cope with the obstacles to trade that still exists on the common market? The problems related to the incorrect procedures of the national authorities and the fact that undertakings prefer to bring their products in to line with the rules of every single member state must be solved, if the principle of mutual recognition is to become trustworthy. On some areas, harmonisation ought to be chosen above the principle of mutual recognition, but in other cases an increased administrative collaboration, mandatory training for the national authorities or information campaigns intended mainly for undertakings could be the answer. The possibility to help undertakings to sue member states for damages should also be investigated. If these problems are solved, the principle of mutual recognition, in addition to harmonisation, could become an excellent tool for the upholding of the free movement of goods in the common market.