Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:27:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 o Ione.pdf: 289279 bytes, checksum: 813d16426fffda4792c59437da23368b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-11-04 / The objective of this work is to evaluate the prevalence of occupational stress in bank workers and to determine stress sources in their environment. A cross-secctional study was realized in 2004, including state and private banks in Pelotas and other cities from the area covered by the Bank Establishment Workers Union (SEEB-Pel), totaling 650 unionized bank workers. The data were collected from Lipp Stress Test Symptoms Inventory (SSI), with the addition of social-demographic information and work process characteristics. Seventy-seven percent of the questionnaires were returned, showing that, in relation to stress, 14.7% of the bank workers are in the alert phase, 45.6% are in the resistance phase and 18.1% are in the exhaustion phase. The moderate and high stress causing events showed a significant association with all stress phases (p=0.00). Higher levels of stress were noted for women, workers with alcohol dependence, smokers and with a longer work week. / O estudo objetivou avaliar a prevalência de estresse ocupacional em trabalhadores bancários e investigar fontes estressoras do ambiente de trabalho. Estudo transversal, realizado em 2004, incluiu bancos estatais e privados de Pelotas e das cidades da região de cobertura do Sindicato dos Trabalhadores em Estabelecimentos Bancários (SEEB-Pel), com 650 bancários sindicalizados. Os dados foram coletados através do Inventário de Sintomas de Stress-Teste de Lipp (ISS), além de informações sócio-demográficas e das características do processo de trabalho. Foi possível entrevistar 502 (77%) bancários. No tocante ao estresse, 14,7% dos bancários encontravam-se na fase de alerta, 45,6% na fase de resistência e 18,1% na fase de exaustão. Os eventos estressores das categorias moderado e alto demonstraram associação significativa com todas as fases de estresse (p=0,00). Maiores níveis de estresse foram registrados para as mulheres, para os bancários com dependência de bebida de álcool, tabagistas e com maior carga horária de trabalho.

O objetivo principal deste estudo foi identificar e avaliar os agentes de risco e seus prováveis agravos à saúde humana no ambiente de uma instalação radiativa do IPEN-CNEN/SP, o Centro de Radiofarmácia, CR. O processo de trabalho dos servidores do CR inclui singularidades não existentes no processo de outras categorias profissionais. Pode-se citar como exemplos relevantes: exposição aos riscos físicos (radiações ionizantes), químicos (substâncias químicas envolvidas nos processos), biológicos (objetos contaminados), ergonômicos (situações causadoras de estresse) e de acidentes (incêndios e explosões). Trata-se de um estudo de caráter exploratório e descritivo com abordagem quanti-qualitativa. A amostra foi constituída por 102 trabalhadores da instalação distribuídos em seis grupos de trabalho. A coleta de dados transcorreu no período de abril de 2013 a julho de 2014, realizada por meio da aplicação de um questionário, entrevistas e observações. O processo de avaliação envolveu três etapas: 1) caracterização básica e avaliação da exposição ocupacional; 2) avaliação quanti-qualitativa do risco; 3) análise e interpretação dos dados. A organização, avaliação, interpretação e julgamento dos dados e resultados obtidos foram realizados de acordo com a estratégia de avaliação da exposição ocupacional proposta pela American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA). A análise estatística incluiu teste paramétrico ANOVA, testes não paramétricos, entre outros. Em relação à exposição dos agentes de risco relacionados aos processos considerou-se que os oito grupos homogêneos de exposição recebem as exposições a uma gama específica de agentes. No ambiente laboral do CR foram identificados dezessete agentes de risco. O principal agente de risco físico observado na instalação foi as radiações ionizantes. Na análise final, não foi registrado agravos à saúde dos trabalhadores decorrentes dos agentes de risco identificados e relacionados aos processos realizados. A Equipe de Radioproteção do CR e a equipe de segurança física do IPEN atuam em concordância com os procedimentos operacionais estabelecidos e com as normas nacionais e quando necessário introduzem novos mecanismos para a mitigação do risco ocupacional visando o bem estar do trabalhador. / The aim of this study was to identify and to assess the risk agents and their possible harm to human health at the workplace of a radioactive facility of IPEN-CNEN/SP, the Radiopharmacy Center, CR. The work process of the CR includes peculiarities not present in the process of other professional categories. Relevant examples may be cited as: exposure to physical risks (ionizing radiation), chemical risks (reagents involved in the process), biological risks (contaminated objects), ergonomic risks (situations causing stress) and accident risks (fires and explosions). The study has exploratory and of descriptive nature with quantitative and qualitative approaches. The sample consisted of 102 workers distributed in six working groups. The data collection occurred from April 2013 to July 2014 that was carried out by applying a questionnaire, interviews and observations. The evaluation process involved three steps: 1) basic characterization and occupational exposure assessment; 2) quantitative and qualitative assessment of the risks; 3) analysis and interpretation of the data. The organization, evaluation, interpretation and judgment of the obtained data and results were performed in accordance with the evaluation strategy to occupational exposure proposed by the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA). The statistical analysis included parametric ANOVA, non-parametric tests, among other. Regarding exposure to risk agents related to the process, it was considered that the eight homogeneous exposure groups receive the exposure to a specific range of agents. Seventeen risk agents were identified at the workplaces of the CR facility. The main physical risk agent observed among them was the ionizing radiation. In the final data analysis, no adverse health effects were registered to workers arising from risk agents identified and related to the performed process. The radiation protection staff of the CR facility and the physical security staff of IPEN act in accordance with the established operating procedures and national standards, and when necessary new mechanisms for mitigation of occupational risk are introduced aiming the well-being of the workers.

Os distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho (DORT) representam mais de 30% das doenças ocupacionais no mundo. A fim de organizar as ações estratégicas que serão desenvolvidas para prevenção de DORT, é fundamental analisar previamente as situações peculiares dos diferentes setores de um local de trabalho. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram verificar a prevalência de queixas musculoesqueléticas em trabalhadores de uma indústria de porte médio, comparando seus setores entre si, e investigar a influência de fatores ocupacionais e não ocupacionais no aumento das queixas. Foram aplicados o questionário nórdico para avaliação de sintomas musculoesqueleticos e questionários sobre hábitos de vida e condições relacionadas ao trabalho em 185 trabalhadores distribuidos em três setores de uma indústria (fábrica microeletrônica, escritório e logística). Constatou-se que há prevalência massiva de queixas osteomusculares (85.4%) nessa população, com variação das regiões afetadas em cada setor analisado. Os fatores ocupacionais que mais influenciaram as queixas de dores em diferentes regiões do corpo foram: trabalhar na fábrica, sofrer de estresse/pressão/prazos curtos no trabalho, ter histórico de DORT, ter sido afastado por DORT e considerar o trabalho arriscado. Quanto aos fatores não ocupacionais: ser mulher, ser cuidadora de criança em idade pré-escolar, ter baixa escolaridade e sofrer de insônia/descanso inadequado foram os mais influentes. Conclui-se que as regiões do corpo mais afetadas por dores diferem para cada setor desta indústria e há fatores individuais e ocupacionais que influenciam a alta prevalência das queixas osteomusculares. Programas que abordem esses aspectos podem contribuir para o controle de DORT. / Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) comprise more than 30% of occupational diseases in the world. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints among workers in a medium-sized industry by comparing its different sectors and investigate the influence of occupational and non-occupational factors in complaints increase. 185 industry workers divided in three sectors (factory, office and logistics) were assessed using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and lifestyle and work-related conditions questionnaires. Massive prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints (85.4%) was detected in this population, with different affected body parts in each sector. The most influential occupational factors were: working at the factory, job strain, pre-existing history of MSD and considering the job risky. Being female, low education level and inadequate rest were the most influential non-occupational factors. The body parts most affected by musculoskeletal complaints differ among each sector and are influenced by individual and occupational factors. Programs addressing these aspects can contribute to control WMSDs.

Notre avons étudié le rôle de la profession et des expositions professionnelles aux solvants pétroliers et chlorés dans deux études épidémiologiques sur les facteurs de risque professionnels des cancers du sein chez l'homme et chez la femme. A l’inverse du cancer du sein féminin (50000 nouveaux cas par an en France), le cancer du sein chez l’homme est un cancer rare (<500 cas par an). Il constitue cependant un modèle intéressant pour l’étude des expositions professionnelles qui sont généralement plus élevées chez l’homme que chez la femme. Chez les hommes, nos résultats suggèrent un risque de cancer augmenté chez les mécaniciens de véhicules à moteur et un rôle cancérogène des solvants tels que le benzène et le trichloréthylène. Chez les femmes, malgré des risques élevés mais non significatifs dans plusieurs professions, aucune association avec les expositions aux solvants n’était mise en évidence pour les faibles niveaux d’exposition observés. / We have investigated the role of the occupation and of occupational exposures to petroleum and chlorinated solvents using the data of two epidemiological studies on occupational risk factors of breast cancers in men and in women. Unlike female breast cancer (50,000 new cases per year inFrance), cancer of male breast cancer is a rare disease (<500 cases per year). It should be seen as an interesting model for studying the effects of occupational exposures in the disease as these exposure are generally much higher in men than in women. For men, our results suggest that the risk of cancer is increased among motor vehicle mechanics and support the hypothesis of a carcinogenic effect of solvents such as benzene and trichloroethylene in disease occurrence. In women, several occupations were at increased risk of breast cancer, but results were generally not statistically significant. No association of female breast cancer incidence with exposure to solvents was observed.

Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, visando uma análise das condições de trabalho em unidades intensivas de um hospital universitário no município do Rio de Janeiro. Foi definido como objeto de estudo a percepção dos trabalhadores de enfermagem sobre os riscos ocupacionais e os problemas de saúde inerentes às condições de trabalho em unidades intensivas e como problema de pesquisa: quais os riscos ocupacionais e problemas de saúde relacionados às condições de trabalho, percebidos pelos trabalhadores de enfermagem, em unidades intensivas de um hospital universitário? O objetivo geral foi estudar nas unidades intensivas os riscos ocupacionais e problemas de saúde da equipe de enfermagem e sua relação com condições de trabalho, a partir da percepção dos mesmos. Os objetivos específicos traçados foram: identificar as características pessoais e profissionais dos trabalhadores de enfermagem de unidades intensivas; descrever os fatores de risco do ambiente de trabalho percebidos pelos trabalhadores de enfermagem; levantar os problemas de saúde percebidos pelos trabalhadores e sua relação com o trabalho; analisar a associação entre os problemas de saúde percebidos pelos trabalhadores de enfermagem e as condições do trabalho em unidades intensivas. Participaram da pesquisa 125 profissionais de enfermagem de quatro unidades intensivas do Hospital Universitário (HU) entre Maio e Julho de 2009. A predominância foi de profissionais do sexo feminino, com idade acima dos 40 anos, com mais de um vínculo empregatício e trabalhando no HU há mais de 10 anos. Os riscos ocupacionais mais percebidos pelos trabalhadores foram os ergonômicos, seguido dos biológicos, de acidentes, físicos e químicos. Os problemas de saúde mais frequentes foram varizes, problemas oculares, lombalgias, estresse e depressão, transtornos do sono, lesões de coluna vertebral, dores de cabeça, mudanças no humor, dores musculares crônicas e hipertensão arterial. Pela associação entre riscos ocupacionais e problemas de saúde, conclui-se que os trabalhadores expostos a fatores de riscos ergonômicos e físicos têm maior probabilidade de adquirir problemas de saúde osteoarticulares e circulatórios (varizes). Diante dos dados desta pesquisa faz-se necessário aprofundamento da investigação sobre os fatores de riscos encontrados e possíveis medidas para minimizá-los, mediante novos estudos. Como recomendações destacam-se a criação de um espaço de discussão entre os gerentes e trabalhadores para a elaboração de um programa que vise a promoção e proteção da saúde do trabalhador de enfermagem de unidades intensivas; implementação de medidas de controle específicas para cada tipo de risco evidenciado e a criação de um Comitê de Ergonomia para operacionalizar a implementação das melhorias no HU, a fim de consolidar as transformações esperadas. / It treats of a quantitative study, descriptive, aiming for an analysis of the work conditions in intensive units of a university hospital in the Rio de Janeiro County. It was defined as study object the nursing workers perception about the occupational risks and the health problems inherent to the work conditions in intensive units and as research problem: which are the occupational and health problems related to the work conditions, perceived by the nursing workers, in intensive units of a university hospital? The general objective was study in the intensive units the occupational risks and nursing team s health and its relation with work conditions, from the perception of the same. The specific objectives planned were: identify the nursing workers personal and professional characteristics of intensive units; describe the risk factors of the work environment perceived by the nursing workers; raise the health problems perceived and its relation with the work; analyze the association between the health problems perceived by the nursing workers and the work conditions in intensive units. 125 nursing professionals of four intensive units of the Hospital Universitário (HU) participated of the research between May and July of 2009. The predominance was of professionals of female sex, with age above 40 years, with more than a contract of employment and working in the HU for more than 10 years. The more perceived occupational risks by the workers were the ergonomic, followed by the biological, physical and chemical accidents. The more frequent health problems were varices, ocular problems, lumbar pain, stress and depression, sleep disturbances, lesions of vertebral spine, headache, humor changes, chronic muscular pain and arterial hypertension. By the association between occupational risks and health problems, it concludes that the workers exposed to the ergonomic and physic risks have more probability of acquiring osteoarticular and circulatory health problems (varices). Before this research it needs the investigation s profoundness about the risk factors found and possible measures to minimize them, through new studies. As recommendations there are emphasized the creation of a discussion space between the managers and workers for a program elaboration that aims for the health worker s promotion and protection of intensive units; implementation of specific control measures for each type of evidenced risk and the creation of a Ergonomics Committee to optimize the improvements implementation in the HU, in order to consolidate the expected transformations.

O presente estudo aborda o acidente do trabalho e sua reparação pelo direito comum em face dos dois principais sistemas que fundamentam a responsabilização civil do empregador por acidentes do trabalho - subjetivo e objetivo -, principalmente após a entrada em vigor do novel Código Civil brasileiro, o qual, a despeito de ter mantido como regra geral, no caput do seu artigo 927, a responsabilidade subjetiva, estabeleceu, no parágrafo único desse mesmo dispositivo, concomitantemente, regime especial de responsabilidade objetiva nas hipóteses especificadas em lei ou na hipótese de a atividade normalmente desenvolvida pelo autor do dano implicar, por sua natureza, risco para os direitos de outrem. Se há a compreensão imediata da primeira parte do parágrafo único do artigo em comento, na segunda, as hipóteses de risco são dadas sob a forma de cláusula geral, cabendo ao intérprete a tarefa de preencher a lacuna legal. Essa é uma tarefa que deve ser executada à luz da Constituição Federal brasileira, que prevê, em seu artigo 7º, inciso XXVIII, a responsabilidade do empregador por culpa ou dolo. Assim, na questão acidente do trabalho, a presente tese demonstra que a teoria do risco tem avançado cada vez mais sobre o terreno da responsabilidade subjetiva, sem, contudo, ter transformado a responsabilidade objetiva em regra geral incidente a partir de simples avaliação circunstancial de um dano verificado na relação de trabalho. Concluiu-se que as atividades que justifiquem a aplicação de uma responsabilidade especial dependem, na análise do caso concreto, antes da apreciação do mérito, de uma decisão judicial de natureza declaratória nesse sentido, representando valioso instrumento para a reparação dos danos ocorridos em atividades de risco não capituladas em lei. / The present study is concerned with labor-related accidents and their reparations through the normal course of law, taking into consideration the two main systems on which the employers civil liability is based - subjective and objective -, especially after the new Brazilian Civil Code came into force, which, in spite of the general rule of subjective liability being upheld in the caput of article 937, established in the single paragraph of this same article a special regimen of objective liability on the basis of hypotheses specified in law or on the hypothesis that the activity normally undertaken by the author of damages incurred implies by its very nature in risk to the rights of others. If the first part of the single paragraph of the article under discussion may be immediately comprehended, in the second part, the hypotheses are presented as a general rule, thus leaving the task of filling this legal interpretation gap in the hands of the person making the interpretation. This is a task which should be undertaken in the light of the Brazilian Federal Constitution, which, in article 7th subparagraph XXVIII, recognizes the liability of the employer by blame or intention. Thus with regard to labor-related accidents, the present thesis demonstrates that the theory of risk has increasingly advanced into the territory of subjective liability, without however turning objective liability into a general prevailing rule when undertaking circumstantial assessment of damages incurred as a result of work. It is concluded that activities which justify the application of special liability depend, where a concrete case is analyzed and before final judgment is passed, on a judicial declaration for this, and this represents a valuable instrument for reparation of damages incurred in activities of risk not covered by the law.

<p>Low back pain (LBP) is a significant problem among the nursing population worldwide. Manual lifting and shifting of heavy objects and patients are primary contributing factors. Nurses are supposed to be knowledgeable about the risk factors and preventive measures and effectively apply it into practice to prevent them from sustaining back injuries. Strategies to reducing the incidences of LBP in nurses have been previously implemented but with little outcomes. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between occupational risk factors and the prevalence of LBP in nurses at MOI, Tanzania. Therefore, the study examined / the prevalence of LBP amongst nurses, work-related risk factors contributing to LBP, knowledge and effectiveness of back care techniques, and barriers to effective back care techniques in clinical nurses.</p>

<p>Construction manual workers are at a high risk of suffering from occupational related low back pain because of high-risk activities involved and the nomadic nature of the workforce. Low back pain and its associated disability continue to plague the construction industry. The prevalence of occupational related low back pain among manual workers in construction companies is believed to be due to high exposure to awkward postures for long hours, heavy manual work and exposure to whole-body vibration in the work environment. As a result of these risky exposures, low back pain has consistently been the leading cause of both occupational disability and absenteeism in the construction industry. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of occupationalrelated low back pain on the functional activities of the manual workers in a construction company in Cape Town. The prevalence and the predisposing factors of low back pain among construction manual workers were established as well as the effect of occupational-related low back pain on the functional activities of the manual workers was also determined. A crosssectional descriptive study using quantitative method was utilized. A convenient sampling method was employed and all the 212 available participants at two construction settings were recruited for the study. The population was categorised into four main occupational groups / &nbsp / masons, handymen, labourers and foremen. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire as a closed ended interview guide. The questionnaire comprised of four parts. Part one was used to determine the demographic data while parts two, three and four utilised three standardizedclose-ended validated questionnaires. These are / the Nordic Musculoskeletal Disorder Questionnaire, the Profile Fitness Mapping questionnaire and the Pain and Disability Questionnaire. Data was captured and analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 17.0 spreadsheet for statistical analysis. The study was conducted under the adherence of the ethical considerations. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses describe the association between the investigated independent variables with the occurrence of occupational related low back pain in the study. Results are presented using tables, charts and graphs. The results revealed a 25% prevalence of low back pain while the one month and one week prevalence rates were 69% and 54% respectively. Masons recorded the highest low back pain prevalence rate (58%). Initial onset of low back pain was mainly attributed to bending (48%) and load lifting (28%). The chi-square test at p&lt / 0.05 was done. The results revealed a lack of association between low back pain and the socio-demographic characteristics. Participants confirmed suffering physical, emotional, financial and functional problems with 41.5% reporting sickness absence and a mean of 4 days being lost during the past year. Further chi-square test for proportion revealed an association between low back pain and participants ‟ability to / lift (p=0.006), bend back forwards (p=0.001) and ability to bend back backwards (p=0.014). To prevent impairment, activity limitation and participation restriction among construction manual workers, a number of factors must be addressed at epidemiological level as highlighted in the recommendations of this study.</p>

A method for occupational risk assessment in construction sites is developed in this study. This method provides a system to perform exhaustive analysis of the situations that could result in serious accidents. The main characteristic of this method is the integration of the safety and health legislation of three legal frameworks associated with the monitoring of construction procedures. The method is structured in three stages: protocol, data analysis system and risk control procedure. The protocol provides a systematic in situ evaluation, through requirements for identifying and assessing the gravity of the factors that can contribute to an accident. Likewise, it allows identifying the workers in areas of risk. The data analysis system is a tool that processes the information gathered in the protocol. The result is a set of quantitative indicators characterizing the work environment. A significant feature of this tool is its applicability to other productive activities besides construction. The main indicator provided by the method is the safety global index (Is). A formulation representative of the characteristics of the assessed environment and capable of effectively translating its safety level was developed. To this end, a classification range was defined based on the analysis of numerous risk assessments. A detailed study of the parameters of the formulation was conducted, testing their conceptual and mathematical consistency and the influence of one parameter in the others. The third stage of the method is the risk control procedure which establishes an action plan on the irregularities identified in the evaluation. The first version of this method was tested in six bridges and viaducts construction sites. When the necessary adjustments were identified, the effectiveness of the final version was verified twice in two construction sites, a bridge and a viaduct. The validation of the method was completed by means of a survey among the staff responsible for the prevention of accidents in the two construction sites and through the its verification according to a model of validation in operations research. In light of the above, conclusions from the theoretical basis of the method and the results obtained in the risk assessments performed in the construction sites of bridges and viaducts are drawn. / En este trabajo se ha desarrollado un método para la evaluación de riesgos laborales en obras de construcción. Éste método facilita un sistema de análisis exhaustivo de aquellas situaciones que puedan resultar en accidentes graves. Su principal característica es la integración de la legislación de prevención de riesgos laborales de tres marcos jurídicos, asociada al seguimiento de los métodos constructivos. Está estructurado en tres etapas: protocolo, sistema de análisis de datos y procedimiento de control de riesgos. El protocolo aporta una sistemática para la evaluación in situ, a través de requisitos para la identificación y valoración de la gravedad de los factores que puedan contribuir a un accidente. Igualmente permite la identificación de los trabajadores en las áreas de riesgos. El sistema de análisis de datos es una herramienta que procesa las informaciones originadas por el protocolo. Resulta en un conjunto de indicadores cuantitativos que caracteriza el ambiente laboral. Tiene como importante característica la aplicabilidad a otras actividades productivas además de a la construcción. El principal indicador facilitado por el método es el índice global de seguridad (Is). Se ha desarrollado una formulación representativa de las características del ambiente evaluado, que traduce muy eficazmente su nivel de seguridad. Para ello se ha desarrollado un rango de clasificación a partir del análisis de numerosas evaluaciones de riesgos. Se ha realizado un detallado estudio de los parámetros que componen la formulación, comprobando su coherencia conceptual y matemática, y la influencia de un parámetro sobre los demás. La tercera parte del método es un procedimiento de control de riesgos, que establece un plan de acción sobre las irregularidades identificadas en la evaluación. La primera versión del método fue testada en seis obras de construcción de puentes y viaductos. Identificados los ajustes necesarios, se verificó la eficacia de la versión definitiva con la aplicación por dos veces, en dos obras, un puente y un viaducto. Se ha concluido la validación del método a través de una encuesta realizada con los responsables de la prevención de accidentes de las dos obras, y a través de su comprobación respecto a los criterios propuestos por un modelo de validación de investigación operativa. De todo lo anterior, se han extraído conclusiones desde la fundamentación teórica del método, hasta los resultados obtenidos en evaluaciones de riesgos realizadas en obras de construcción de puentes y viaductos.

<p>Low back pain (LBP) is a significant problem among the nursing population worldwide. Manual lifting and shifting of heavy objects and patients are primary contributing factors. Nurses are supposed to be knowledgeable about the risk factors and preventive measures and effectively apply it into practice to prevent them from sustaining back injuries. Strategies to reducing the incidences of LBP in nurses have been previously implemented but with little outcomes. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between occupational risk factors and the prevalence of LBP in nurses at MOI, Tanzania. Therefore, the study examined / the prevalence of LBP amongst nurses, work-related risk factors contributing to LBP, knowledge and effectiveness of back care techniques, and barriers to effective back care techniques in clinical nurses.</p>