The theme of this thesis is occupational safety and health. The thesis contains legislation of occupational health and safety, basic concepts related to this topic, occupational health and safety management, risk analysis methods. The second part is focused on occupational safety and health at manufacturing company. In this section, the functioning of OSH in the company through internal documents and questionnaires is analyzed. Also in the conclusion are suggested possible improvements of occupational health and safety.

The diploma thesis deals with OSH management and related audit. The research handles the requirements of national and international health and safety legislation. The risk analysis and its evaluation are performed. Corrective action is proposed in justified cases.

Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2015-11-09T15:17:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 874957 bytes, checksum: 602095b5e7fc757d4072c031981cab65 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-09T15:17:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 874957 bytes, checksum: 602095b5e7fc757d4072c031981cab65 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-28 / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito analgésico trans e pós-operatórios da eletroacupuntura em onda denso-dispersa e frequências 3 e 200 Hz, nos pontos E44, R3 e BP4, compará-lo com a analgesia promovida pelos pontos BP6, E36 e VB 34, e pela morfina, em cadelas submetidas à ovariosalpingohisterectomia. Teve-se como hipótese que a eletroacupuntura nos pontos E44, R3 e BP4 resultaria em controle da dor trans e pós- operatória melhor ou igual àquele promovido pela eletroacupuntura nos pontos BP6, E36 e VB34 e pela morfina. Trinta e seis cadelas submetidas à cirurgia eletiva de ovariosalpingohisterectomia foram distribuídas em blocos casualizados em 3 grupos com 12 animais cada. No primeiro grupo foi realizada eletroacupuntura denso-dispersa, com frequência de 3-200 Hz nos pontos BP4, E44, R3 e administrado 1,5ml de solução fisiológica por via intramuscular (grupo GEA); no segundo grupo foi realizada eletroacupuntura denso- dispersa com frequência de 3-200 Hz nos pontos BP6, E36, VB34 e administrado 1,5ml de solução fisiológica por via intramuscular (grupo GEB); no terceiro grupo foi realizada acupuntura em três pontos falsos e o aparelho de eletroacupuntura foi acoplado às agulhas, mas não foi ligado, e foi administrada morfina na dose de 0,5 mg/kg, diluída em solução fisiológica de modo que o volume total foi de 1,5ml por via intramuscular (grupo GF). Foram avaliados os parâmetros cardiovasculares e respiratórios durante o período pré e transoperatório. A avaliação de dor e sedação pós-operatória foi realizada durante 12 horas e a analgesia suplementar com morfina foi realizada sempre que o escore de dor alcançou valores iguais ou superiores a 9 pontos (total de 27) de acordo com a Escala de dor de da Universidade de Melborne (EDUM). O grupo GEB apresentou pressão arterial estável e menor valor de Etiso assim como menor necessidade de analgesia suplementar no pós- operatório. O grupo GEA apresentou os maiores valores de Etiso e apresentou a maior necessidade de analgesia suplementar no pós-operatório imediato (no momento da extubação). O grupo GF necessitou de maior analgesia no pós-operatório e apresentaram escores de sedação mais altos até 4 horas após a cirurgia Os acupontos R3, E44 e BP4, utilizados na eletroacupuntura com a frequência de 3 a 200 Hz não são capazes de promover ação antinociceptiva satisfatória no período transoperatório. O efeito analgésico pós- operatório promovido pela eletroestimulação nos acupontos R3, E44 e BP4 é inferior ao proporcionado pelos acupontos E36, BP6 e VB34 e superior ao obtido com a morfina. / The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic effects of trans and postoperative dense- disperse electroacupuncture with 3 and 200 Hz on ST44, KID3 and SP4 points compares it with the analgesia provided by SP6, ST36 and GB34 points and the use of morphine in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. For this, thirty-six dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy surgery were randomly distributed into 3 groups of 12 animals each. In the first group, dense-dispersed electroacupuncture was performed with a frequency of 3-200 Hz in SP4, ST44, KID3 points and 1.5 ml of saline was given intramuscularly (GEA group). For the second group, dense-dispersed electroacupuncture was performed with frequency of 3-200 Hz in SP6, ST36, GB34 points and 1.5 ml of saline given intramuscularly (GEB group). In the third group acupuncture was performed in 3 false points being the electroacupuncture device attached to the needles but not connected, also morphine was administered at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg diluted in saline so that the total volume was 1.5 ml intramuscularly (GF group). Cardiovascular and respiratory parameters were evaluated during the pre and perioperative period. The evaluation of pain and postoperative sedation was performed for 12 hours and analgesic supplementation was performed whenever the pain score reached values greater than or equal to 9 points (in a total of 27) in accordance with the Scale of Pain of the University of Melborne (EDUM) . The GEB group had stable blood pressure and lower Etiso value as well as less need for additional analgesia postoperatively. The GEA group showed the highest values of Et iso and showed the greatest need for additional analgesia in the immediate postoperative period (at moment of extubation). The GF group required more supplementary analgesia postoperatively and showed higher sedation scores up to 4 hours after surgery. The KID3, ST44 and SP4 acupoints used in electroacupuncture with frequency 3-200 Hz are not able to promote satisfactory antinociceptive action in the perioperative period. Postoperative analgesic effect, promoted by electrical stimulation in acupoints KID3, ST44 and SP4, is inferior to that provided by acupoints ST36, SP6 and GB34 and superior to that obtained with morphine.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:07:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Mestrado_Versao_Pos_Graduacao.pdf: 1271722 bytes, checksum: a118ef7bf5d49deee91d07b7ad899e8c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-24 / Ovariohysterectomy is the most performed surgery in small animals, with the purpose of birth control, avoiding pseudocyesis as also treating female reproductive tract affections. Several surgery techniques have been described. Beyond the traditional midline approach to the abdomen, the flank many laparoscopic approaches may be performed. Twenty-four healthy, mongrel and adult cats took part of the study. They were randomly distributed in four groups of six animals, this way: GI midline approach and ligature with nylon thread; GII midline approach and ligature with nylon clamp; GIII flank approach and ligature with nylon thread and GIV flank approach and ligature with nylon clamp. The times of dieresis, ovariohysterectomy and closure were timed. Clinic evaluations were done at the day of the surgery and at 7 and 28 days after it. Ultrassonographic evaluations were performed at the day of the surgery, before and after it, and at 7 and 28 days after it, to verify possible alterations related to the material used. The results revealed that the midline approach was significantly faster than the flank approach. The ligature time of the pedicles and uterus body, as the total surgery time were statistically shorter for the groups that used the nylon clamp. We also observed a higher incidence of edema in the groups of midline approach at the seventh day after surgery, however at the twenty-eighth day after surgery, all the wounds healed equally. We concluded that the nylon clamps were secure to be use in cats ovariohysterectomies. Also, the flank approach takes more time to be performed than the midline one. The incidence of edema is considerable higher in the groups of midline access. / A ovário-histerectomia representa um dos procedimentos mais realizados pela clínica de pequenos animais, tendo por finalidade o controle da natalidade, prevenção de cio e pseudogestação, como também, tratar afecções do trato reprodutor feminino. Foram descritas muitas variações de técnicas de ovário-histerectomia, incluindo, além da tradicional abordagem pela linha média, abordagem pelo flanco e diversas abordagens laparoscópicas. Participaram, no presente estudo, 24 gatas hígidas, sem raça definida, adultas, atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade federal de Goiás. As gatas foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em quatro grupos de seis animais para a realização do procedimento cirúrgico, da seguinte forma: Grupo I - acesso pela linha média e ligadura com fio de náilon; Grupo II - acesso pela linha média e ligadura com braçadeira de náilon; Grupo III - acesso pelo flanco e ligadura com fio de náilon e Grupo IV - acesso pelo flanco e ligadura com braçadeira de náilon. Durante os procedimentos foram cronometrados os tempos de diérese, da ovário-histerectomia em si e de síntese. Avaliações clínicas foram feitas aos sete e 28 dias após a cirurgia. Avaliações utrassonográficas foram realizadas em quatro tempos: antes da cirurgia, imediatamente após, aos sete e aos 28 dias, com intuito de verificar possíveis alterações relativas aos materiais empregados. Os resultados mostraram que o acesso pela linha media foi significativamente mais rápido que pelo flanco. O tempo de ligadura dos pedículos e corpo uterino, assim como o tempo total da cirurgia, foram estatisticamente inferiores nos grupos onde a braçadeira foi empregada. Observou-se maior incidência de edema no grupo de animais onde o acesso foi pela linha média aos sete dias, entretanto aos 28 dias todas as incisões já haviam cicatrizado. As conclusões indicam que as braçadeiras constituem dispositivos seguros, que podem ser utilizados na OHE em gatas. O aceso pelo flanco é, significativamente, mais demorado que pela linha média. Ainda, a incidência de edema foi consideravelmente maior nos grupos em que o acesso à cavidade foi feito pela linha média.

Une distribution lipidique hétérogène est essentielle à l’identité et fonction des organelles, mais l’échange par trafic vésiculaire tend à annuler cette distribution. Il existe donc des mécanismes qui assurent l’homéostasie des lipides. Les protéines Osh (S. cerevisiae) et les OSBP-Related Proteins (ORP, H. sapiens), sont des transporteurs de lipides. Osh4 est capable d’échanger de l’ergostérol contre le phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P), présent sur l’appareil de Golgi. Utilisant des outils fluorescents mesurant avec une précision inégalée le transport de stérol et de PI4P, nous démontrons qu’Osh4 transporte du stérol contre son gradient de concentration en utilisant l’énergie d’un gradient de PI4P. Un couplage au métabolisme du PI4P permettrait à Osh4 d’alimenter le Golgi avec du stérol, ainsi créant le gradient de stérol entre ces organelles. La protéine OSBP participe, via sa capacité à connecter la membrane du RE à celle du trans-Golgi, à la création de jonctions entre ces organelles. Nous avons montré qu’OSBP, par échange stérol/PI4P, utilise le PI4P pour transférer du cholestérol au Golgi, mais également pour autoréguler sa capacité à former les jonctions. Osh6 lie la phosphatidylsérine, nous permettant d’étudier un nouveau mécanisme d’échange. Nous avons résolu la structure cristallographique d’un complexe Osh6/PI4P et avons pu observer l’échange de ces deux ligands par Osh6 entre deux membranes. Cette étude nous permet de suggérer que l’échange de PI4P avec divers lipides, via les protéines Osh/ORP, serait un mécanisme général permettant aux cellules de maintenir le gradient lipidique entre le RE et les membranes tardives de la voie sécrétoire. / An uneven lipid distribution is essential for the function of eukaryotic organelles. However, exchange of material by vesicular trafficking has a tendency to perturb this distribution; mechanisms must though exist to ensure lipid homeostasis. Osh proteins (S. cerevisiae) and OSBP-Related Proteins (ORPs, H. sapiens), are lipid transfer proteins (LTPs). Osh4 is capable of exchanging ergosterol for phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P), found on the Golgi. Using novel fluorescent tools to measure with unprecedented precision the transport of sterol and PI4P, we find that Osh4 can transport sterol against its concentration gradient using the energy of a PI4P gradient. Coupled to phosphoinositide metabolism, this allows Osh4 to transport sterol to the trans-Golgi and create the sterol gradients observed between these organelles. OSBP participates in the creation of membrane contact sites (MCSs) via its capacity to connect ER membranes to those of the trans-Golgi. We have shown that it uses PI4P for transporting cholesterol from the ER to the trans-Golgi by sterol/PI4P counterexchange, hence also autoregulating its tethering activity. Finally, the identification of phosphatidylserine as a ligand for Osh6 allowed us to analyze the possible extrapolation of the PI4P counterexchange mechanism. We have solved the crystal structure of Osh6 in complex with PI4P and have been able to follow counterexchange of PI(4)P and PS in vitro. Concluding, our studies allow us to suggest a general mechanism for ORP/Osh-mediated counterexchange of PI4P for other lipids to maintain lipid gradients between the ER and late membranes of the secretory pathway.

The construction sector is a considerable contributor to a country's economy. For example, there are more than 300 000 people employed in the construction sector in Sweden. Unfortunately, workers’ safety is a big problem in this high-employment sector since the potential risk for injury is high. In Sweden, workers in the construction industry are among the most injured, both in terms of work-related accidents and occupational injuries. With more technology advances, there has been an increasing interest in the construction sector regarding new technologies in recent years which also includes occupational safety and health technologies. The reason behind this growing interest could be creating more efficiency, increasing productivity, increasing safety, and keeping up with technical development in general. Studies have shown that the safety management in the construction sector is a serious challenge, despite the many efforts to prevent and reduce occupational accidents and injuries in this sector. Therefore there has been an increasing drive for replacing traditional safety approaches with modern safety technologies.  The objective of this thesis work was to investigate the current state of digital technologies adopted in the construction industry specifically for occupational health and safety.  A qualitative research approach was utilized in the current study, using two methods. The first method was an interview with OSH professionals, digital responsible, technology developer and construction workers from different construction companies. The second method was a scoping review of websites and documents to ascertain different types of safety technologies that have been investigated previously.  The results provide a list of different types of safety technologies that have been investigated previously and a versatile overview of safety technology's development process, adoption process, and facilitators and barriers for a successful adoption.  This study points out the benefits of utilizing safety technologies and provides extensive information regarding the adoption of safety tools, that could encourage engaged actors in the field to strive for more safety technologies which could lead to a safer work environment and healthyworker. / Byggsektorn är en betydande del av ett lands ekonomi. Till exempel så är mer än 300 000 anställda inom byggsektorn i Sverige. Arbetssäkerhet en viktig fråga i denna bransch då sysselsättningsgraden är hög och den potentiella risken för skador är stor. I Sverige är arbetare inom byggbranschen bland de mest utsatta både när det gäller arbetsrelaterade olyckor och skador. I och med att intresset för teknologiska framsteg har ökat inom sektorn dom senaste åren har detta även kommit att inkludera digitala verktyg för arbetsmiljöfrågor. Anledningen till detta växande intresse kan vara att skapa mer effektivitet, öka produktiviteten, förbättra säkerheten, och att följa den tekniska utvecklingen. Studier har visat att säkerhetshanteringen inom byggsektorn är en stor utmaning, trots många åtgärder att förebygga och minska arbetsolyckor och arbetsskador inom sektorn. På grund av detta har det uppkommit en ökande drivkraft att ersätta traditionella metoder med modern säkerhetsteknologi. Syftet med detta examensarbete var att undersöka det rådande tillståndet för digitala teknologier som appliceras specifikt för hälsa och säkerhet inom byggbranschen. I denna studie tillämpades ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt, detta gjordes med hjälp av två metoder. Den första metoden var intervjuer med arbetsmiljöansvariga, digitalt ansvariga, teknologiutvecklare, och yrkesmedarbetare från olika byggföretag. Den andra metoden var en översiktsstudie av webbplatser och dokument för att fastställa olika typer av säkerhetsteknologier som tidigare studerats. Resultatet blev en lista över olika typer av säkerhetsteknologier som har studerats tidigare, med en omfattande överblick över dess utveckling och tillämpningsprocess, samt faktorer som hjälpt och stjälpt en lyckad tillämpning. Denna studie pekar ut fördelarna med att använda säkerhetsteknologier och ger utförlig information om dess tillämpning i byggbranschen, förhoppningen är att detta kan uppmuntra den engagerade aktören inom sektorn att sträva efter mer tillämpning av säkerhetsteknologier och att detta leder till en säkrare och hälsosammare arbetsmiljö för byggnadsarbetare

i Sammanfattning Bakgrund: Arbetsgivare ska enlig svensk arbetsmiljölagstiftning arbeta systematiskt för att förbättra arbetsmiljön. Det systematiska arbetsmiljöarbetet ska ge effekt för att arbetstagarna inte skadas, blir sjuka eller drabbas av ohälsa på grund av arbetet. Arbetsmiljöarbetet ska leda till ständiga förbättringar av såväl den fysiska, organisatoriska som sociala arbetsmiljön. Syfte: Syftet med detta examensarbete är att identifiera arbetsmiljöindikatorer som kan användas för att mäta arbetsmiljöarbetets effekt på ohälsa, olycksfall eller en i övrigt god arbetsmiljö. Examensarbetet omfattar arbetsmiljöindikatorer som nämns i den vetenskapliga litteraturen och arbetsmiljöindikatorer som används av företag i praktiken. Examensarbetet undersöker vilka arbetsmiljöindikatorer som är gemensamma från den vetenskapliga litteraturen och de intervjuade företag samt om det finns arbetsmiljöindikatorer som visar på en signifikant effekt på ohälsa, olycksfall eller en i övrigt god arbetsmiljö. Metod: Examensarbetet har genomförts i två delar, en litteraturstudie i tre databaser och en intervjustudie av sex personer från tre företag inom tillverkningsbranschen. Det insamlade materialet analyserades och arbetsmiljöindikatorerna som framkom kategoriserades. Indikatorerna grupperades i fem kategorier och utifrån teman vilket resulterade 16 indikatorgrupper. Resultat: Resultatet visade att 319 arbetsmiljöindikatorer identifierades i litteraturstudien och 78 i intervjustudien. Den största kategorin i litteraturstudien var ohälsa, olycksfall och övrigt god arbetsmiljö och den största kategorin i intervjustudien var olycksfall och ohälsa. Den största indikatorgruppen i litteraturstudien var riskhantering och i intervjustudien psykosocial arbetsmiljö. I litteraturstudien identifierades en indikatorgrupp för arbetsmiljöpolicy som inte återfinns i intervjustudien. I intervjustudien identifierades fem indikatorer som inte återfinns i litteraturstudien. Litteraturstudien identifierade 22 indikatorer som visade på signifikanta samband med effekter i arbetsmiljön till exempel arbetsrelaterad stress som har ett samband med ökat antal arbetsrelaterade skador. Ett annat exempel är att utföra riskbedömningar vilket ger färre antal arbetsolyckor. Diskussion: Det finns inte någon standardiserad uppsättning av arbetsmiljöindikatorer och information saknas ofta om hur arbetsmiljöindikatorerna ska mätas och vilket måltalet är. En önskan att kunna mäta ”var är vi nu och vart ska vi?” gällande arbetsmiljöarbetet ges uttryck för i intervjustudien. Eventuellt kan detta behov öka framöver i och med att ISO 45001 ställer krav på att använda indikatorer för att mäta effekterna av arbetsmiljöarbetet. Förslag för framtida tillämpad forskning är att ta fram standardiserade arbetsmiljöindikatorer med tydliga måltal. Uppsättningen av arbetsmiljöindikatorer bör omfatta såväl den fysiska, organisatoriska som den sociala arbetsmiljön. Slutsats: I litteraturstudien och intervjustudien identifieras arbetsmiljöindikatorer, men de är inte standardiserade och saknar ofta tydliga definitioner och måltal. Detta medför svårigheter för företagen att använda indikatorerna i det systematiska arbetsmiljöarbetet. Standardiserade och väl underbyggda indikatorer skulle kunna vara ett stöd för företag i det systematiska arbetsmiljöarbetet. Standardiserade och kvalitetssäkrade indikatorer möjliggör jämförelse mellan företag inom till exempel samma bransch. Förhoppningsvis kan detta examensarbete ligga till grund för fortsatt forskning och utveckling inom området. / iii Abstract Background: In accordance with the Swedish Work Environment Act, employers must systematically work to ensure good occupational safety and health (OSH). These systematic OSH practices must ensure that workers are not injured, become sick or suffer ill health because of their work. The practices must lead to continuous improvement of the physical, organisational and social work environments. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to identify OSH indicators that can be used to measure the effect of OSH practices on illness, accidents or an otherwise good work environment. These include OSH indicators mentioned in the scientific literature and those used by companies in practice, as well as the OSH indicators that are common to these two groups. The purpose is also to examine whether there are OSH indicators that indicate a significant effect on illness, accidents or an otherwise good work environment. Method: This thesis work consisted of two parts: a literature review using three databases and an interview study of six people from three companies in the manufacturing industry. The collected material was analysed and the OSH indicators that emerged were categorised. Results: The results showed that 319 OSH indicators were identified in the literature review and 78 in the interview study. The indicators were grouped into five categories and based on themes, which resulted in 16 indicator groups. The largest category in the literature review was illness, accidents and other good work environment, and the largest category in the interview study was accidents and illness. The largest indicator group in the literature review was risk management and was psychosocial work environment in the interview study. The literature review identified an indicator group for OSH policy that was not found in the interview study. The interview study identified five indicators that were not found in the literature review. The literature review identified 22 indicators that showed significant correlations with effects in the work environment, for example, work-related stress that has a connection with increased number of work-related injuries. Another example is carrying out risk assessments, which results in fewer work accidents. Discussion: There is no standardised set of OSH indicators, and information is often lacking on how to measure OSH indicators and what the measurement values are. Respondents in the interview study expressed a desire to be able to measure “Where are we now and where are we going?” with regards to their work environment. This need might grow in the future, considering the ISO 45001 requirement to use indicators to measure the effects of the work environment. A proposal for future applied research is to develop standardised OSH indicators with clear measurement values. The set of OSH indicators should cover the physical, organisational and social work environments. Conclusions: In the literature study and the interview study, work environment indicators appear, but they are not standardized and often lack clear definition and measurement values. This causes difficulties for companies to use the indicators in the systematic work environment work. Standardized and well-founded indicators could support companies in the systematic work environment work by ensuring that the indicators are quality-assured and enable comparison in companies, for example within the same industry. Hopefully, this degree project can form the basis for continued research and development in the field.

As the theme of my Master's Thesis I choose the topic of health and safety risk analysis. The reason is that in every company are risks that threated the safety and health of workers. The aim of Master's Thesis is to analyze the risks OSH management system in selected company. The Master's Thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical an practical one. In the theoretical part I at first briefly outline the issuer of safety and health at work and then I proceed to a summary and characteristics of the most important current legal of the Czech Republic in the field of occupational safety and health at work. Another important part of the theoretical part is devoted to the management of occupational health and safety risks and methods designed to identify and assess risks. The practical part will be devoted to identifying and assessing risks and then determine measures to ensure the safety and health of works at Valeo Výměníky tepla k.s..

The thesis is focused on OSH in the selected organization. Its aim is to analyze the situation and propose measures to eliminate undesirable differences. This thesis consists of theoretical part and practical part. The theoretical part explains all the used methods and procedures (such as simple point method, PDCA and checklist from the Bezpečný podnik application). The objectives of the work have been met, the analysis found variations that have been thoroughly addressed. The main variations were insufficient address risks, lack of basic documents and OSH training. All risks were analyzed using simple point method and the most serious risks were further conducted. The missing documents were created and the structure for OSH training was created too, as well as all necessary documents. These measures have therefore covered all the important shortcomings of the organization.

This diploma thesis deals with the field of safety and health at work. Based on the Czech Republic, the EU, and Finland´s current state analysis, a questionnaire survey is conducted, followed by methods such as Brainstorming, What if and FMEA to eliminate and manage risks. The thesis aims to propose measures minimizing the risks associated with violation or non-compliance with safety principles in a selected risky profession of stonecutting. At the same time, the thesis provides a financial evaluation of the proposed measures.