Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:17:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Milka Sayuri Nakayama Ohya.pdf: 625819 bytes, checksum: 755f49dd4238c88d99ac25114c221128 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This paper took as an object the study of the professional practice in an Assistance Institution for adolescents who carry out social-educative procedures of freedom deprivation, the CASA Foundation / São Paulo. It was proposed to discuss the Professional Practice, once it is deeply related to the achieved results together with the adolescents, for their lives orientation, even as institutionally or personally. It was identified that there is no way of thinking on the adolescent without thinking on the professional who acts straight with him and faces several situations in the institution, that in some ways could qualify (or not) his everyday s actions. For a better understanding of the institutional dynamic and the professional action, at a first moment, it was contextualized the appearance of the assistance institutions for children and adolescents who, by some means were in situation of high vulnerability, with the focus privileged in the São Paulo s context. Subsequently, the subject of professional practice was worked out, followed by the perspectives of resistance and overcoming. These approaches are due to the fact that the Foundation is considered a historical-social institution which, facing the past political movements, was highlighted for moments of violence and negligence to the rights of the adolescents, but it is found today in a process of change, with the perspective of rights guarantee. In this way, to achieve the understanding of how it is placed the professional practice ruled in the movements of resistance and overcoming, interviews were performed with a social worker (who no longer works for the Foundation) and a psychologist (who still remains in the Foundation) who, from their academic background and knowledge accumulated by their activities in the Foundation contributed/contribute for the institutional dynamic and had/have a significant role in the adolescents life whom they worked / work / Esta dissertação teve como objeto o estudo da prática profissional em uma Instituição de atendimento a adolescentes que cumprem medida socioeducativa de privação de liberdade, a Fundação CASA/São Paulo. Nos propusemos a discutir a Prática Profissional, uma vez que esta está intimamente relacionada aos resultados obtidos junto aos adolescentes, ao direcionamento de suas vidas, tanto institucionalmente quanto pessoalmente. Compreendemos que não há como pensar no adolescente, sem pensar no profissional que atua com ele diretamente e que enfrenta diversas situações na instituição que de algum modo podem qualificar (ou não) suas ações cotidianas. Para melhor entendimento da dinâmica institucional e da ação profissional, em um primeiro momento contextualizamos o surgimento das instituições de atendimento às crianças e aos adolescentes que, de algum modo encontravam-se em situação de alta vulnerabilidade, com o foco privilegiado no contexto paulistano. Posteriormente, trabalhamos a questão da prática profissional e, em seguida, as perspectivas de resistência e de superação. Esses enfoques se devem ao fato de considerarmos a Fundação uma instituição sócio-histórica que, diante dos movimentos políticos vivenciados, foi marcada por momentos seja de violência, seja de negligência aos direitos dos adolescentes, mas que encontra-se hoje em um processo de mudança, com a perspectiva de garantia de direitos. Desta forma, para que pudéssemos ter o entendimento de como se coloca a prática profissional pautada nos movimentos de resistência e de superação, realizamos entrevistas com uma assistente social (que não mais atua na Fundação) e uma psicóloga (que ainda permanece) as quais, a partir de suas formações acadêmicas e dos conhecimentos acumulados por suas atividades na Fundação, contribuíram/contribuem na dinâmica institucional e tiveram/tem papel significativo na vida dos adolescentes com os quais trabalharam/trabalham

This thesis examines Nietzsche’s relationship to Socrates through his positive philosophy of education, arguing that the latter is crucial to resolving the apparent contradictions of the former. While there is a good deal of literature dealing with Nietzsche’s criticisms of the educational system of his day, there is relatively little on his own account of what education should be. I point out that the Greek conception of agon (roughly “contest” in English), is central to Nietzsche’s understanding of education, and informs his ideal of the student-mentor relationship. This is the model on which, I contend, Nietzsche’s relation to Socrates needs to be interpreted. Such an interpretation helps to make sense of, and reconcile, the divergent pictures of Socrates Nietzsche presents in his texts, which are sometimes admiring and imitative, sometimes hostile and contemptuous, and have led to conflicting interpretations within the scholarship on this subject. My analysis aims to shed new light on both the figure of Nietzsche’s Socrates, and Nietzsche’s philosophy of education, by relating these to one another.

Šizofrenija yra liga, sukelianti daug sunkumų ne tik pacientui, bet ir jį slaugantiems asmenims. Lietuvoje nėra plačiai tyrinėta šizofrenijos pasekmės asmenims, kurie slaugo sergančius šia liga pacientus, be to labai trūksta valstybės finansuojamos pagalbos psichikos ligonių artimiesiems. Šio darbo tikslas yra nustatyti artimųjų, slaugančių sergančius šizofrenija, patiriamų slaugymo sunkumų sąsajas su šių sunkumų įveikimo strategijomis. Tyrime dalyvavo 98 Panevėžio ir Marijampolės apskričių gyventojai. Tirti sergančių šizofrenija artimieji. Šiame darbe buvo matuoti objektyvūs (asmenų, slaugančių sergančiuosius šizofrenija užduotys, susijusios su paciento būkle) ir subjektyvūs slaugymo sunkumai (savijauta, kurią sukelia šių užduočių atlikimas) bei slaugymo sunkumų įveikos strategijos. Slaugymo sunkumai matuoti dvejomis metodikomis: objektyvūs slaugymo sunkumai - Įsitraukimo įvertinimo klausimynu (angl. Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire; IEQ), kurio pirmoji versija buvo sukurta 1987 m.(autorius - Schene A.H.); subjektyvūs slaugymo sunkumai - Bendru sveikatos klausimynu -12 (angl. General Health Questionnaire – GHQ- 12); pradinis skalės variantas buvo sukurtas 1970 m; autorius - Goldberg D.P.). Slaugymo sunkumų įveikos strategijos matuotos lietuviška streso įveikos vertinimo metodika (Streso įveikos klausimynas: keturių faktorių modelis), sukurta 2006 metais, kurios autoriai yra Grakauskas Ž. ir Valickas G. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad didžiausius... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Schizophrenia is an illness, causing lots of difficulties not only to the patient, but also to the persons nursing him. The consequences of schizophrenia to the persons, who are nursing the patients ailing with this illness are not researched in Lithuania generally, besides, the relatives of the mental diseases patients lack financing aid from the state. The goal of the present thesis is to establish the links of the caregiving burden with the caregiving burden overcoming strategies of the relatives caregiving the patients with schizophrenia and the aid received. 98 residents from Panevėžys and Marijampolė counties participated in the research. The relatives of the person ill with schizophrenia were surveyed. In the present thesis I substantiated the objective (tasks of the persons nursing the patients with schizophrenia related to the patient‘s state) and the subjective caregiving burden (the state of health causing performance of the tasks) and the strategies of the caregiving burden overcoming. The caregiving burden were substantiated using two methodologies: the objective caregiving burden -using Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire; IEQ, the first version of which was made-up in 1987 m.(the author - Schene AH); the subjective caregiving burden -12 using the General Health Questionnaire -GHQ 12; the initial variant of the scale was made-up in 1970 m; the author - Goldberg DP). The strategies of the caregiving burden overcoming were substantiated by the... [to full text]

The resolution of optical instruments is normally limited by the wave nature of light. Circumventing this limit, known as the diffraction limit of imaging, is of tremendous practical importance for modern science and technology. One method, super-resolved fluorescence microscopy was distinguished with the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2014, but there is plenty of room for alternatives and complementary methods such as the pioneering work of Prof. J. Pendry on the perfect lens based on negative refraction that started the entire research area of metamaterials. In this thesis, we have used analytical techniques to solve several important challenges that have risen in the discussion of the microwave experimental demonstration of absolute optical instruments and the controversy surrounding perfect imaging. Attempts to overcome or circumvent Abbe's diffraction limit of optical imaging, have traditionally been greeted with controversy. In this thesis, we have investigated the role of interacting sources and detectors in perfect imaging. We have established limitations and prospects that arise from interactions and resonances inside the lens. The crucial role of detection becomes clear in Feynman's argument against the diffraction limit: “as Maxwell's electromagnetism is invariant upon time reversal, the electromagnetic wave emitted from a point source may be reversed and focused into a point with point-like precision, not limited by diffraction.” However, for this, the entire emission process must be reversed, including the source: A point drain must sit at the focal position, in place of the point source, otherwise, without getting absorbed at the detector, the focused wave will rebound and the superposition of the focusing and the rebounding wave will produce a diffraction-limited spot. The time-reversed source, the drain, is the detector which taking the image of the source. In 2011-2012, experiments with microwaves have confirmed the role of detection in perfect focusing. The emitted radiation was actively time-reversed and focused back at the point of emission, where, the time-reversed of the source sits. Absorption in the drain localizes the radiation with a precision much better than the diffraction limit. Absolute optical instruments may perform the time reversal of the field with perfectly passive materials and send the reversed wave to a different spatial position than the source. Perfect imaging with absolute optical instruments is defected by a restriction: so far it has only worked for a single–source single–drain configuration and near the resonance frequencies of the device. In chapters 6 and 7 of the thesis, we have investigated the imaging properties of mutually interacting detectors. We found that an array of detectors can image a point source with arbitrary precision. However, for this, the radiation has to be at resonance. Our analysis has become possible thanks to a theoretical model for mutually interacting sources and drains we developed after considerable work and several failed attempts. Modelling such sources and drains analytically had been a major unsolved problem, full numerical simulations have been difficult due to the large difference in the scales involved (the field localization near the sources and drains versus the wave propagation in the device). In our opinion, nobody was able to reproduce reliably the experiments, because of the numerical complexity involved. Our analytic theory draws from a simple, 1–dimensional model we developed in collaboration with Tomas Tyc (Masaryk University) and Alex Kogan (Weizmann Institute). This model was the first to explain the data of experiment, characteristic dips of the transmission of displaced drains, which establishes the grounds for the realistic super-resolution of absolute optical instruments. As the next step in Chapter 7 we developed a Lagrangian theory that agrees with the simple and successful model in 1–dimension. Inspired by the Lagrangian of the electromagnetic field interacting with a current, we have constructed a Lagrangian that has the advantage of being extendable to higher dimensions in our case two where imaging takes place. Our Lagrangian theory represents a device-independent, idealized model independent of numerical simulations. To conclude, Feynman objected to Abbe's diffraction limit, arguing that as Maxwell's electromagnetism is time-reversal invariant, the radiation from a point source may very well become focused in a point drain. Absolute optical instruments such as the Maxwell Fisheye can perform the time reversal and may image with a perfect resolution. However, the sources and drains in previous experiments were interacting with each other as if Feynman's drain would act back to the source in the past. Different ways of detection might circumvent this feature. The mutual interaction of sources and drains does ruin some of the promising features of perfect imaging. Arrays of sources are not necessarily resolved with arrays of detectors, but it also opens interesting new prospects in scanning near-fields from far–field distances. To summarise the novel idea of the thesis: • We have discovered and understood the problems with the initial experimental demonstration of the Maxwell Fisheye. • We have solved a long-standing challenge of modelling the theory for mutually interacting sources and drains. • We understand the imaging properties of the Maxwell Fisheye in the wave regime. Let us add one final thought. It has taken the scientific community a long time of investigation and discussion to understand the different ingredients of the diffraction limit. Abbe's limit was initially attributed to the optical device only. But, rather all three processes of imaging, namely illumination, transfer and detection, make an equal contribution to the total diffraction limit. Therefore, we think that for violating the diffraction limit one needs to consider all three factors together. Of course, one might circumvent the limit and achieve a better resolution by focusing on one factor, but that does not necessary imply the violation of a fundamental limit. One example is STED microscopy that focuses on the illumination, another near–field scanning microscopy that circumvents the diffraction limit by focusing on detection. Other methods and strategies in sub-wavelength imaging –negative refraction, time reversal imaging and on the case and absolute optical instruments –are concentrating on the faithful transfer of the optical information. In our opinion, the most significant, and naturally the most controversial, part of our findings in the course of this study was elucidating the role of detection. Maxwell's Fisheye transmits the optical information faithfully, but this is not enough. To have a faithful image, it is also necessary to extract the information at the destination. In our last two papers, we report our new findings of the contribution of detection. We find out in the absolute optical instruments, such as the Maxwell Fisheye, embedded sources and detectors are not independent. They are mutually interacting, and this interaction influences the imaging property of the system.

This thesis presents a study that was conducted within a project, the purpose of which was development of a software application (ePeer) for students at Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST). ePeer is a tool for gaining information about Youth Sexual and Reproductive Health and will be used in a peer education project which is currently being set up in Mbarara. The study presented in this report aims at designing the interface of ePeer. Our intention was to develop a design that would suit the future users of ePeer. Achieving that involved learning about user expectations and bridging the cultural differences between us, the software developers, and the future users. In order to meet the user expectations we decided to get students at MUST involved in the design process of ePeer’s interface. Two methods were used to accomplish that, namely mock-ups and evaluations. The mock-up sessions provided us with a number of prototypes of ePeer’s interface, created by the students. The evaluation of three applications, with functionality similar to ePeer, resulted in a list of application features that were most appreciated by the students. By analyzing the outcome of the mock-up and evaluation sessions we managed to learn about the students’ expectations concerning ePeer’s content, functionality and layout. Basing on that analysis we suggested a design of ePeer’s interface. The design was positively evaluated by representatives of the future users.

This thesis examines Nietzsche’s relationship to Socrates through his positive philosophy of education, arguing that the latter is crucial to resolving the apparent contradictions of the former. While there is a good deal of literature dealing with Nietzsche’s criticisms of the educational system of his day, there is relatively little on his own account of what education should be. I point out that the Greek conception of agon (roughly “contest” in English), is central to Nietzsche’s understanding of education, and informs his ideal of the student-mentor relationship. This is the model on which, I contend, Nietzsche’s relation to Socrates needs to be interpreted. Such an interpretation helps to make sense of, and reconcile, the divergent pictures of Socrates Nietzsche presents in his texts, which are sometimes admiring and imitative, sometimes hostile and contemptuous, and have led to conflicting interpretations within the scholarship on this subject. My analysis aims to shed new light on both the figure of Nietzsche’s Socrates, and Nietzsche’s philosophy of education, by relating these to one another.

This study critically analyzes the limits of teacher education through distance education (EAD), fomented by the neoliberalist ideology, based on the educational policy for the initial formation of teachers in the municipality of Água Branca - AL, between the years 2006-2014 . As a result of a bibliographical, documentary and interviews research with EAD students, this dissertation proposes an analysis that starts from the relation between education and capitalist society, having as driving elements: laws, decrees, public-private partnership agreement in the offer of education Superior in Água Branca - AL and bibliography focused on the criticism of the models of education, teacher training and society in force. The data obtained point to the need to overcome this modality of teacher training via ODL, since this characterizes the social function of the teacher and presents limitations, such as: inefficiency of didactic material, unavailability of appropriate libraries and laboratories in the training unit, Tutors trained only to perform technical activities, precarious infrastructure and total absence of theoretical discussion during the teacher training process. In addition, it was concluded that, in the aforementioned type of training, there is no incentive to research, which limits the classes to moments of face-to-face studies that aim at limited preparation, for the teaching exercise, only in the pedagogical scope. Through the present study, it is evident that the ideal training is face-to-face, public-gratuitous and of high quality. A training that obeys the study-research-extension triad and privileges the high theoretical discussion as a form of awareness of the future teacher, for the process of social transformation and consequent overcoming of the model of education and capitalist society. / Este estudo analisa, criticamente, os limites da formação de professores via educação a distância (EAD), fomentada pela ideologia neoliberalista, com base na política educacional para a formação inicial de professores no município de Água Branca - AL, entre os anos 2006-2014. Fruto de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de entrevistas com alunos da EAD, esta dissertação propõe uma análise que parte da relação existente entre educação e sociedade capitalista, tendo como elementos condutores: leis, decretos, contrato de parceria público-privado na oferta de ensino superior em Água Branca - AL e bibliografia voltada para a crítica aos modelos de educação, formação docente e de sociedade vigentes. Os dados obtidos apontam para a necessidade de superação da modalidade de formação de professores via EAD, uma vez que esta descaracteriza a função social do docente e apresenta limitações, como: ineficiência do material didático, indisponibilidade de bibliotecas e laboratórios adequados na unidade de formação, tutores treinados, apenas, para o exercício de atividades de cunho técnico, infraestrutura precária e ausência total de discussão teórico-crítica durante o processo de formação do professor. Além disso, concluiu-se que, na mencionada modalidade de formação, não há o incentivo à pesquisa, o que limita as aulas a momentos de estudos presenciais que visam ao preparo limitado, para o exercício docente, apenas no âmbito pedagógico. Por meio do presente estudo, fica evidente que a formação ideal é a presencial, público-gratuita e de qualidade elevada. Uma formação que obedeça a tríade estudo-pesquisa-extensão e privilegie a alta discussão teórica como forma de conscientização, do futuro professor, para o processo de transformação social, e consequente superação do modelo de educação e sociedade capitalista.

Den här studien syftar till att undersöka hur elevers matematikprestationer påverkas av eventuell prov- och / eller matematikångest, om det finns åtgärder som reducerar eventuellprov- och / eller matematikångest och om lärarens sätt att examinera har betydelse. För att besvara syftet söker studien svar på hur matematiklärare förstår prov- och / eller matematikångest, på vilket sätt de beskriver att de försöker hjälpa elever att reducera sådan ångest och om matematiklärare ser examinationsformen som faktor för utlösande av prov- och/ eller matematikångest. Resultaten visar att provångest är situationsbunden och utlöses i stressande situationer när personer tror att de befinner sig i en bedömningssituation. Det kan leda till sämre förmåga att koncentrera sig på uppgifterna. Det finns utöver detta risk att den utlösta provångesten triggarigång matematikångest, vilket i sin tur kan leda till ytterligare sämre förmåga att koncentrera sig på uppgifterna, försämrad prestation och dåliga provresultat. Matematikångest kan också utlösas på grund av social påverkan, dåligt självförtroende samt biologiska faktorer, den beror således inte enbart på provångest. För att reducera provångest krävs att lärare får kunskap om hanteringen av känslor som uppstår så att de kan hjälpa elevernaatt förstå och handskas med sina känslor. Åtgärder mot matematikångest handlar om att förebygga att elever hamnar efter i grundläggande kunskaper i matematik, alternativt reparera brister så fort de upptäcks och att undvika och bearbeta negativa associationer förknippat med matematik. Lärare som intervjuades i denna studie hade endast begränsad kunskap om provångest ochmatematikångest och om hur dessa kan reduceras eller förebyggas. Deras svar antydde dessutom att de inte hade kännedom om att det är två olika typer av ångest och att dessa behöver olika sätt för att reduceras eller åtgärdas. De använde inte variation av examinationsformer som ett medel för att hjälpa sina elever trots att de i princip var överens om att olika examinationsformer kan uppfattas som olika stressande och att alternativa examinationsformerskulle kunna reducera denna stress som leder till provångest och eventuellt vidare till utlösandet av matematikångest. Konsekvensen av detta är att elever inte får den hjälpen de behöver, eller att de får fel hjälp och att de därmed riskerar att misslyckas trots att det hade varit möjligt att lösa.

Purpose – the purpose of this study is to investigate managerial and organizational barriers that are associated with artificial intelligence (AI) and develop a structured process to overcome the organizational barriers throughout different phases of the implementation process. Method – The study applied a qualitative research approach that consisted of multiple case studies from various organizations in traditional industries. Each organization worked with an AI-projects that were based on application of machine learning (ML).  The respondents came from various positions from the AI-project and were interviewed. The collected data was analyzed by using a thematic analysis with 17 interviews in total.  Findings – The study found four barriers in total from pre-implementation, implementation, and post-implementation phases of AI. These were: lack of use-case definition, low ai-knowledge, missing appropriate data, and end-user misalignment. The study would present key-activities to overcome the AI-barriers categorized that are presented in three phases: defining AI-transformation, anchoring AI-implementation and optimizing AI-usage. Theoretical contribution - Firstly, the study highlighted underlying implementation barriers in traditional industries that were business and managerial related. Secondly, the study contributed with an empirically rooted structured AI-implementation process framework. These findings extend current dialogues in the literature on challenges related to AI and connect them to specific phases in the AI-implementation process. These findings also extend current dialogues in the literature on challenges related to AI and connect them to specific phases in the AI-implementation process. Practical Implications - The practical implication of this study highlighted that there existed a lack of clearly defined strategies for implementing AI-solutions in traditional industries which this study covers by developing a basis to build on. Limitations and Future research - The study investigated a handful of organizations in different industries. Because of time- and resource constraints, increased research scope could provide more insightful perspectives which could be beneficial. In addition, because the study itself was based as a qualitative study, the methodology of the project could be prone to inconsistencies or a lack of coherence. As this approach was based on phrasing, some phrases may not be able to capture the full meaning of what was articulated. For future research proposals, a quantitative research method of this subject could give further breadth to the literature by investigating likely correlations.

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to investigate how the challenges of Internet of Things that manufacturers can influence can be overcome. Theoretical foundation - This study conducted an extensive literature review to identify and understand the challenges to Internet of Things and actions to overcome them. 11 technical challenges, 13 organisational and 6 resource availability challenges were identified. 4 actions were identified. Method - To fulfil the purpose, an embedded multiple case study at a global Aerospace manufacturer was conducted. 7 unstructured interviews, 12 semi-structured interviews and a survey were conducted. Respondents were picked due to their experience in Internet of Things projects and relevant technologies. The survey was conducted to evaluate the challenges’ relevance to high-technology manufacturers, on a 7-point Likert scale. The semi-structured interviews aimed to find actions to overcoming the challenges relevant to high-technology manufacturers. Findings - The evaluation of the challenges relevance to high-technology manufacturers resulted in 10 common, 9 occasional and 2 uncommon challenges. 12 actions to overcoming the challenges and their tasks were identified. Theoretical contribution - The study provides a comprehensive list of potential challenges to Internet of Things. It evaluated the challenges’ impact on high-technology manufacturers, thus challenging and validating Internet of Things challenges presented in literature. It provides a set of actions and a framework which aids in overcoming challenges that impact high-technology manufacturers’ Internet of Things initiatives, thus contributing to digital change management. Finally, it aids in the progress towards concretising Industry 4.0 and its trends toward connectivity, intelligence, and flexible automation. Practical contribution - The study provides an increased understanding of potential challenges of Internet of Things, and recommendations to how high-technology manufacturer can overcome the challenges. A framework is provided which gives an overview of which actions, and subsequent tasks, to take to overcome a specific challenge.