The aim of this study was to study how Swedish teachers in Physical education work with mental health, their own perceived level of knowledge and how they wish to work.   A quantitative survey has been conducted via Facebook. In total 146 respondents participated in the survey. The results were analyzed with the theories KASAM and OCB role perception taken into account, and linked to previous research.   The result shows that teachers plan for mental health in the education quite rarely, but nevertheless talk about mental health relatively often outside of scheduled time. Most teachers consider themselves to have a fairly good knowledge of mental health. However, more than half of them perceive that the subject has been treated to a low degree during their own education. Most teachers want mental health to take a greater part in lessons. Several teachers suggest that mental health should become an own subject. / Studiens syfte var att studera hur lärare i Idrott och hälsa arbetar med psykisk hälsa, deras upplevda kunskapsnivå samt hur de önskar arbeta med psykisk hälsa.   En kvantitativ enkätundersökning har genomförts via Facebook. I denna deltog totalt 146 respondenter. Resultatet har analyserats och tolkats utifrån teorierna KASAM och OCB rolluppfattning, samt utifrån tidigare forskning inom området.   Resultatet visar att nästan alla respondenter anser att skolan har ansvar för undervisning i psykisk hälsa. Lärare planerar ganska sällan för psykisk hälsa på lektionstid, men berör ändå ämnet relativt ofta utanför schemalagd lektionstid. De flesta lärare anser sig ha en ganska god kunskap om psykisk hälsa, dock upplever mer än hälften att ämnet behandlats i låg omfattning under lärarutbildningen. De flesta lärare vill att psykisk hälsa ska utgöra en större del av undervisningen även om bristande tid och utrymme utgör hinder. Flera lärare föreslår att psykisk hälsa borde bli ett eget skolämne.

Background The point of departure in this thesis is that unemployment is a recognised determinant of health, which may vary between different ages and among men and women. Despite governmental policies to tackle unemployment and ease its effects on health, unemployment continues to bea growing public health problem. Aim The objective of the thesis was to analyse, from a gender perspective, the relationships between ill health and unemployment as well as other unstable labour market positions in the transition from youth to adulthood. The aim of each paper was: I. Does the association between ill health and unemployment differ between young people and adults? II. Is the transition from an unstable labour market position to permanent paid job health-protective? III. Is participation in labour market programmes related to mental health? IV. What is the association between ill health among men and women and how could it be analysed with a relational theory of gender? Methods The longitudinal study was carried out in Luleå - a medium-sized industrial town in the Northern Sweden. The cohort, consisting of all 1083 pupils (506 girls and 577 boys) aged 16 who attended the last year of compulsory school in 1981, was followed up at the ages of 16, 18, 21 and 30. The response rates were high e.g. 96.4% at 14 years follow-up. The cohort was followed with extensive and well-validated questionnaires. Multivariate logistic regression was used in all papers, while propensity score matchingwas used in Paper III. Results Paper I. Health effects of long-term unemployment differed between young people and adults. Long-term unemployment was more related to psychological ill health and smoking in young people than in adults. Paper II. The results indicated that after controlling for gender as well as for an indicator of health-related selection, possible confounders and mediators transition from an unstable labour market position to permanent employment could be health-promoting. Paper III. No association was found between participation in active labour market programmes and psychological symptoms. Due to methodological shortages the results have to be interpreted with caution. Adjustment for either all background selection variables or the propensity score in multivariate logistic regression showed similar associations suggesting that propensity score could be used to adjust for background selection variables. Paper IV. A strong association between unemployment and suboptimal self-rated health among women and high alcohol consumption among men was found and a theory of structural relations was used to discuss the gendered patterns for ill health. Conclusion The thesis indicated gendered patterns of relations between unemployment and the health outcomes, in the transition from youth to adulthood. The policy implications of my thesis are that full employment policies should be promoted to reduce the health inequalities associated with unemployment. / The Northern Swedish Cohort study

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2009. / Härtill 4 uppsatser. Även tryckt utgåva.

Affective intra-individual variability (IIV) and affective psychological flexibility (PF) are both types of within-person variability. Affective IIV is defined as the range of emotions experienced by an individual assessed at multiple time points. PF is defined as the ability to vary one’s responses in a contextually dependent manner in order to appropriately meet situational demands. Currently, there are no comparisons between affective IIV and PF demonstrating how these constructs might be uniquely different from each other. The current study proposed to examine affective IIV and PF in order to establish discriminant and convergent validity, and stability data for each construct. The National Study of Daily Experiences (NSDE) waves 1 and 2, an 8-day daily diary portion of the Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS I) and MIDUS II surveys was used for this study (n =793 adults completed both waves of the NSDE). Affective IIV was related to higher mean NA and neuroticism, and lower perceived control. Affective PF was related to lower mean NA, neuroticism, and higher mean PA and perceived control. Higher affective IIV was associated with more psychological distress when assessed concurrently at both waves and predicted more psychological distress and physical ill-health 10 years later. Higher affective PF was related to less psychological distress and physical ill-health when assessed concurrently at wave 1 and less psychological distress and physical ill-health 10 years later. When situational context is included in the calculation of emotional variability, changes in emotional response may represent emotional complexity and increased control rather than emotional lability and are related to better psychological and physical outcomes.

This thesis investigates the relationship between labour market statuses and well-being in the UK working age population, and the moderating role of the Great Recession. Research on the relationship between labour market statuses and well-being outcomes identifies negative associations with unemployment and economic inactivity. These findings are typically presented as independent of macroeconomic conditions, but to what extent does this assumption hold? The central proposition of this thesis, is that economic crises moderate the way in which labour market statuses affect well-being, thereby changing the value of statuses, not just their prevalence. The main research question addressed is ‘for the UK working age population, to what extent did labour market and employment statuses contribute to the greater or lesser effects of the economic crisis (2007/8–2011) on well-being, compared to the pre-recession ‘boom’ period (2003/4–2006/7)?’I make use of a national panel data series from the British Household Panel Survey and Understanding Society. Firstly, after critiquing the reliance on subjective well-being (SWB) measures, confirmatory factor analysis is used to develop a measure of positive psychological health, representing a single dimension of well-being. This is then compared to a measure of SWB in a series of latent growth models to investigate individual trajectories over the study period. Secondly, multilevel models are used to estimate the relationship between five labour market and employment statuses and positive psychological health, comparing the pre-recession and recession periods. Finally, a dynamic structural equation modelling approach is used to investigate selection and causation in the relationship between labour market status and positive psychological health. Aggregate positive psychological health was associated with a recession period decline, in contrast to SWB which remained stable. Labour market statuses were found to moderate the impact of recession. People who were economically inactive were associated with the largest declines in positive psychological health during the recession period, compared to the pre-recession period, followed by those in standard employment. In contrast, the relationship between non-standard employment and unemployment and positive psychological health remained constant over time. Finally, despite evidence of selection into labour market statuses, the findings show a strong causal impact of statuses on positive psychological health. The findings provide a different take on those hardest hit by recession, showing that some of the most vulnerable to low psychological health were most exposed to the impact of recession by virtue of their labour market status. The protective value of standard employment was also diminished relatively. Evidence in favour of a causal interpretation suggests policy makers should use employment and welfare policy to prevent an accumulation of welfare issues.

No description available.

The present article tries to offer a wide vision of the labor instability as a phenomenon that affects the Peruvian workers in all the labors regimens. Not only from the perspective of the labor law but from a psychological perspective for which the psychoanalytic concepts used by Sigmund Freud will join, as well as to show, from the point of view of the authors, that the labor instability is a phenomenon that concerns the health so much physical as psychological and emotional of the worker. Finally, the authors, try to offer ways to fight. / El presente artículo pretende brindar una visión más amplia acerca de la inestabilidad laboral como fenómeno que afecta a los trabajadores peruanos en los distintos regímenes laborales existentes, es decir, no sólo desde la perspectiva del Derecho Laboral, que es la rama que se ocupa de la misma en primera instancia, sino desde una perspectiva psicológica para lo cual se integrarán los conceptos psicoanalíticos utilizados por Sigmund Freud, así como mostrar, desde el punto de vista de los autores, que la inestabilidad laboral es un fenómeno que afecta a la salud tanto física, como psicológica y emocional del trabajador. Finalmente, los autores, pretenden brindar propuestas para lidiar con el problema de la inestabilidad laboral.

Apart from the personal and socioeconomic burdens of dementia, the immense, intangible emotional and psychological suffering endured by dementia patients, their carers and families are difficult to quantify. Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) accounts for over 50% of all dementias and is responsible for a large percentage of morbidity and mortality in older adults. It is also recognised as a disease qualitatively distinct from the normal ageing process. Identified almost 95 years ago by Alois Alzheimer, it poses a seminal problem, which in the twenty-first century is compounded by the predicted extension in human longevity. Caregivers thus bear a considerable financial, social and emotional burden due to the progressive debilitating nature of the disease. It is hypothesised that social support buffers the individual from the negative emotional effects of stressful circumstances associated with the caregiving process; and although the inevitable course of the disease cannot be stopped, improving support to caregivers may decrease feelings of isolation and improve psychological health. Caregivers of AD patients often report experiencing a lack of social support due to the nature and progression of this disease. This study thus aims to investigate the relationship between real and/or perceived social support and psychological health (depression, loneliness, and perceived burden of care) amongst a cohort of Alzheimer’s caregivers. The following standardised measuring instruments were used to elicit data: the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), UCLA Loneliness Scale, Personal Resource Questionnaire (PRQ85) and a biographical questionnaire. Data were analysed using correlation and regression statistical techniques. The main findings of this study were that there is a significant positive correlation between loneliness and depression; loneliness and personal strain (burden) as well as both role and personal strain (burden) with depression. A significant negative correlation was also found between perceived social support and loneliness. Additional findings were that participants with higher educational qualifications experienced more personal strain and role strain (burden); caregivers with patients in the two younger age groups scored higher on the BDI-II; and the cognitive status of the patient correlated with the burden experienced by the caregiver. A significant negative correlation between summaries of reactions (burden) and duration of caregiving was also reported. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Psychology / unrestricted

Le thème général de la thèse est la santé psychologique au travail, plus particulièrement, il estquestion de comprendre les origines des problèmes de santé psychologique au travail et dedépister les moyens de développer un bien-être au travail et/ou d’empêcher la détériorationdes conditions de santé psychologique des travailleurs sociaux. La santé psychologique estappréhendée dans cette recherche comme une forme bidimensionnelle en mentionnant la santénon seulement comme l’absence de maladie, mais aussi comme la présence d’aspects positifs(Achille, 2003 ; Keyes, 2005). Dans cette optique, nous avons choisi d’évaluer la santé autravers du bien-être psychologique, de la détresse psychologique et de l’épuisementprofessionnel. Le bien-être psychologique constitue le pôle positif et la détressepsychologique et l’épuisement professionnel forment le pôle négatif. Le modèle de la santépsychologique au travail a été testé auprès de 369 travailleurs sociaux de la région Nord-Pasde Calais.L’intérêt scientifique de la recherche est de comprendre non seulement les causes desproblèmes de santé psychologique au travail mais aussi les causes de « bonne » santépsychologique afin d’anticiper l’évolution de l’état de santé psychologique des travailleurs demanière à prévenir l’apparition de problèmes psychologiques. Notre objectif, au moyend’entretiens et de questionnaires, a été d’identifier les variables organisationnelles pouvantagir positivement ou négativement sur la santé psychologique au travail. Nous avons montré la place centrale de la satisfaction des besoins psychologiques dans l’étude de la santé psychologique au travail.Pour cela, notre étude s’inspire du modèle prévisionnel de santé psychologique au travail proposé par Boudrias, Savoie & Brunet (2007). Le postulat de base part de la théorie de l’autodétermination (Deci & Ryan, 2000) soutenant que l’individu s’accomplit au travail si l’environnement de celui-ci favorise la satisfaction de ses besoins d’autonomie, de compétence et d’affiliation sociale. La satisfaction de ces trois besoins psychologiques est la résultante d’inducteurs variés pouvant être situationnels tels que la justice organisationnelle,le soutien social, la charge de travail et la charge émotionnelle et d’inducteurs personnels tels que la résilience. Les résultats montrent que la résilience, le soutien social et la justice organisationnelle sont des variables prédictives du bien être et de l’accomplissement personnel. En outre, la charge de travail et la charge émotionnelle favorisent la détresse et l’épuisement professionnel.Précisément, la justice organisationnelle contribue, d’une part, au bien-être et à l’accomplissement personnel et d’autre part, la perception d’un manque d’une justice en milieu de travail génère de la détresse, de l’épuisement émotionnel et une dépersonnalisation.Les analyses démontrent qu’une charge de travail élevé peut appuyer la détresse psychologique des travailleurs sociaux. Le soutien hiérarchique explique les composantes de l’épuisement professionnel. Enfin, la résilience s’avère être un facteur de protection de la détresse et de l’épuisement émotionnel.L’hypothèse principale de cette thèse est que la satisfaction des besoins psychologiques exerce un effet médiateur entre les différents inducteurs et la santé psychologique au travail.Globalement, la satisfaction du besoin d’autonomie médiatise totalement d’une part, les liens entre la justice et le bien-être et, entre la charge de travail et la détresse ainsi que l’épuisement émotionnel. Ensuite, les analyses de médiations indiquent que la satisfaction du besoin de compétence médiatise partiellement d’une part, le lien entre la justice et le bien-être, d’autre part entre, la résilience, le soutien hiérarchique et l’accomplissement personnel. Enfin, nous observons que la satisfaction du besoin d’affiliation sociale médiatise totalement le lien entre la charge de travail et la détresse. / The general subject of the thesis is the psychological health in the work, more particularly, itis question to understand the previous history of the problems of psychological health in thework and to detect the means to develop a prosperity in the work and\or to prevent thedeterioration of the conditions of psychological health of the social workers. Thepsychological health is arrested in this search as a shape bidimensionnelle by mentioning thehealth not only as the absence of disease, but also as the presence of positive aspects (Achille,2003; Keyes, 2005). From this perspective, we chose to estimate the health through thepsychological well-being, through the psychological distress and through the burnout. Thepsychological well-being establishes the positive pole and the psychological distress and theburnout train the negative pole. The model of the psychological health in the work was testedwith 369 social workers of the region Nord-Pas de Calais.The scientific interest of the research is to understand not only the causes of the problems ofpsychological health in the work but also the causes of "good one" psychological health toanticipate the evolution of the psychological health of the workers so as to prevent theappearance of psychological problems. Our objective, by means of conversations and ofquestionnaires, was to identify the organizational variables which can act positively ornegatively on the psychological health in the work. We showed the central place of thesatisfaction of the psychological needs in the study of the psychological health in the work.For that purpose, our study is inspired by the projected model of psychological health in thework proposed by Boudrias, Savoie & Brunet (2007). The basic premise leaves the theory ofthe self-determination (Deci & Ryan, 2000) supporting that the individual comes true in thework if the environment of this one favors the satisfaction of its needs for autonomy, forcompetence and for social membership. The satisfaction of these three psychological needs isthe resultant of varied inductors which can be situational such as the organizational justice,the social support, the workload and the emotional charge and of personal inductors such asthe resilienceThe results show that the impact strength, the social support and the organizational justice arepredictive variables of the good to be and of the personal fulfillment. Besides, the workloadand the emotional charge favor the distress and the burnout. Exactly, the organizational justice contributes, on one hand, to the well-being and to thepersonal fulfillment and on the other hand, the perception of a lack of a justice in the middleof work generate some distress, some emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Analysesdemonstrate that a load of high work can rest the psychological distress of the social workers.The hierarchical support explains the components of the burnout. Finally, the resilience turnsout to be a factor of protection.The main hypothesis of this thesis is that the satisfaction of the psychological needs exercisesa mediating effect between the various inductors and the psychological health in the work.Globally, the satisfaction of the need for autonomy mediatizes totally on one hand, the linksbetween the justice and the well-being and, between the workload and the distress as well asthe emotional exhaustion. Then, the analyses of mediations indicate that the satisfaction of theneed for competence mediatizes partially on one hand, the link between the justice and thewell-being, on the other hand between, the impact strength, the hierarchical support and thepersonal fulfillment. Finally, we observe that the satisfaction of the need for socialmembership mediatizes totally the link between the workload and the distress.

The objective of this thesis was to defend an alternative approach by health policy makers for improving health outcomes through investing on social factors of peoples' lives, rather than by increasing health expenditures. In order to defend this theory, this master thesis addresses two research questions: Which are the social determinants of health with largest impact on health status of individuals? And what is the statistical correlation between those social determinants of health and self-reported health status, and psychological health, for Germany, Denmark, Spain and Ireland? The first question was answered by developing a comprehensive research among the mostrelevant literature in the field of social determinants of health and the second through the construction of a statistical multiple regression model. According this study the social determinants with largest impact on the health status of individuals are: physical activity, education level, the welfare state, emotional support, socio-economic status, living conditions, working conditions, and life balance. Regarding the results of multiple regression models all variables followed the expected trend and it was possible to proof significant statistical correlation in 7 of the 8 determinants chosen, especially in the cases of working conditions and life balance, where those having problems managing these aspects of life experienced 50% or in some cases 30% of the health status of individuals with positive experiences in these life dimensions.