The machine learning (ML) industry has taken great strides forward and is today facing new challenges. Many more models are developed, used and served within the industry. Datasets that models are trained on, are constantly changing. This demands that modern machine learning processes can handle large number of models, extreme load and support recurring updates in a scalable manner. To handle these challenges, there is a concept called model serving. Model serving is a relatively new concept where more efforts are required to address both conceptual and technical challenges. Existing ML model serving solutions aim to be scalable for the purpose of serving one model at a time. The industry itself requires that the whole ML process, the number of served models and that recurring updates are scalable. That is why this thesis presents an open-source framework for large-scale ML model serving that aims to meet the requirements of today’s ML industry. The presented framework is proven to handle a large-scale ML model serving environment in a scalable way but with some limitations. Results show that the number of parallel requests the framework can handle can be optimized. This would make the solution more efficient in the sense of resource utilization. One avenue for future improvements could be to integrate the developed framework as an application into the open-source machine learning platform STACKn.

Technology has become closely interwoven with our lives, positioning us as authors of large and diverse databases. These extensive collections of digital assets will be left behind as digital legacies after users eventually die. Addressing the inevitability of death in digital systems, including considerations for pre-configuring, or accessing these digital legacies, calls for thanatosensitivity in design. As a relatively new field, thanatosensitive HCI research on digital legacy has primarily focused on data storage and security as well as social networking systems. However, people might create online content that can be of relevance postmortem beyond the next of kin and private network, such as contributions to digital commons communities. In my research, I explore challenges and opportunities for thanatosensitive design in the context of digital commons communities by examining two design cases as samples of that area: GitHub and the Free Music Archive. Through a process inspired by programmatic design research, I followed a mixed method approach including literature reviews, interviews, workshop sessions, and iterative design synthesis. The outcome is a guidebook consisting of annotated portfolios with design exemplars for each design case, accessible to different stakeholders for further collaboration. Drawing on the annotations and intersections between both cases, I frame the knowledge contributions of this study as insights from the design process, aiming to provide directions for future research on thanatosensitivity in systems for digital commons contributions.

The IT sector is in constant change and new IT emerges constantly. This enables organizations to adopt new IT at a correspondingly rapid pace. Nonetheless, it is not certain that the adoption of new IT contributes positively to the organization’s existing application portfolio. Hence, the purpose of this study is to provide insights to how organizations adopt IT and the factors that are important to ensure positive effects from adopting new IT. A case study, consisting of semi-structured interviews, was conducted on a Norwegian governmental organization. The majority of current literature on the field are describing IT adoption for commercial for-profit organizations. Since the case-organization is a governmental organization, this study will also aspire to investigate how that influence IT adoption. The empirical findings of this study show that there is a purpose of having a strategy for adopting new IT to an existing application portfolio. A framework describing the adoption process and factors of importance for successfully adopting new IT is provided. Also, the empirical findings show that being a governmental organization does not influence the adoption of IT significantly. However, the findings show that other aspects of each individual organization can have more significant influence on the adoption process. / IT-sektorn är i ständig förändring och ny IT blir ständigt tillgänglig. Detta gör det möjligt för organisationer att ta sig an ny IT i motsvarande snabba takt. Det är dock inte säkert att implementering av ny IT bidrar positivt till organisationens befintliga applikationsportfölj. Därför är syftet med denna studie att ge insikt om hur organisationer tar sig an IT och de faktorer som är viktiga för att säkerställa positiva effekter från adoption av ny IT. En fallstudie, bestående av semi-strukturerade intervjuer genomfördes på en norsk statlig organisation. Majoriteten av befintlig litteratur inom fältet beskriver IT-adoption för kommersiella vinstdrivande organisationer. Eftersom fallstudieorganisationen är en statlig organisation kommer denna studie också att undersöka hur det påverkar IT-adoption i organisationen. De empiriska resultaten från denna studie visar att det finns ett syfte med en strategi för att adoptera ny IT till en befintlig applikationsportfölj. Ett ramverk som beskriver adoptionsprocessen och faktorer som är viktiga för en framgångsrik adoptionsprocess av ny IT finns framtaget. De empiriska resultaten visar också att det att vara en statlig organisation inte påverkar adoption av IT i särskilt hög grad. Resultaten visar dock att andra aspekter av varje enskild organisation kan ha mer inflytande på adoptionsprocessen.

Esta dissertação de mestrado fez parte do projeto Qualipso (Quality Platform for Open Source Software) que teve como principal objetivo melhorar a confiabilidade de sistemas de software livre. Nesse contexto, o enfoque desta pesquisa é um dos atributos de qualidade de software: usabilidade. As práticas de usabilidade no desenvolvimento de software livre, são aplicadas na maioria das vezes, em projetos patrocinados por grandes empresas ou que possuam especialistas em usabilidade como membros da equipe. Mas, em projetos menores da comunidade, compostos geralmente por desenvolvedores, raramente ela é considerada. Porém, a usabilidade é um atributo fundamental para a qualidade durante o uso de um sistema. Com base em valores compartilhados entre as comunidades de métodos ágeis e de software livre, esta dissertação propõe a adaptação de práticas de usabilidade no contexto de métodos ágeis para o contexto de comunidades de software livre. Por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, levantamos as principais práticas de usabilidade tanto no âmbito de métodos ágeis, quanto no âmbito de software livre, e as classificamos de acordo com as fases do Design Centrado em Usuário, descrevendo cada uma com o formato nome-contexto-problema-solução-exemplos. As práticas foram exploradas em projetos de software livre, o que possibilitou maior entendimento de problemas enfrentados em contextos reais. Essa experiência resultou na proposta de adaptação de práticas de usabilidade ágil no contexto de comunidades de software livre. Dessa forma, descrevemos a realização de uma pesquisa-ação no projeto Arquigrafia-Brasil, um estudo de caso no projeto Mezuro e a aplicação de práticas de usabilidade em quatro projetos do Centro de Competência em Software Livre do IME-USP. / This Masters thesis was part of the Qualipso project (Quality Platform for Open Source Software) whose main objective was to improve the reliability of free and open source software systems. Within such context, the focus of this research is one of the attributes of software quality: usability. The usability practices in free and open source software development are applied most often in projects sponsored by large companies or employing usability experts as team members. But on smaller projects in the community, generally composed by developers, it is rarely considered. However, usability is an essential attribute to the quality in use of a system. Based on values shared between the communities of agile methods and free and open source software, this thesis proposes the adaptation of usability practices in the context of agile methods to the context of free and open source software communities. Through the study of the literature in the field, we gathered the main usability practices both within agile methods, as in free and open source software, and we classified according to User-Centered Design phases, describing each one with the format name-context-problem-solution-examples. The practices were explored in free and open source software projects, which enabled greater understanding of problems faced in real contexts. This experience resulted in the adaptation proposal of agile usability practices into the context of free and open source software communities. We describe the implementation of an action research in the Arquigrafia-Brazil project, a case study in the Mezuro project and the application of usability practices in four projects of the IME-USP FLOSS Competence Center.

過去的行動通訊產業價值鏈一直是由運營商業者所主導，運營商業者以透過建立專屬開發平台的方式，逐漸形成以其為核心的封閉花園（Walled Garden）生態體系，並控制價值鏈中整體利潤的分配，而產業中包括手機製造商、內容供應商及軟體開發商等其他業者皆只能遵循其所制定之遊戲規則。 然而，隨著應用與內容、終端裝置、平台至行動網路等各種產業之開放趨勢驅使之下，在3G時代之後的行動上網價值鏈中，能夠成功匯集終端用戶與開發者的廠商，才有資格成為價值鏈的新興主導者，而以往運營商業者透過封閉式平台掌握產業價值鏈主導權的方式，更開始面臨來自各方業者的挑戰。 2007年11月由Google及開放式手機聯盟（OHA）所推出的Android開放式平台，更因此造成行動通訊產業生態環境產生重大的改變。從Google 把代表著網際網路自由與開放特性的Android平台及相關配套策略推入行動通訊產業之後，即吸引眾多廠商加入開發，產業中廠商之間的競合關係從此將更為複雜，運營商業者更是首當其衝面臨失去主導權的地位，甚至將淪為僅提供行動網路傳輸數據資料的笨重水管（dumb pipe）角色；然而，由Android所形成的產業開放生態環境一方面亦意味著許多新機會的產生，對於長期處於產業壟斷地位的運營商業者而言，如何因應Android平台並將之轉化為轉型的動力，將是其未來發展所面臨的最大挑戰課題。 本研究認為，運營商業者應以本身擁有的優勢（行動網路、終端用戶資訊、金流機制等）為基礎，並依各自發展利基與市場定位考量選擇利用Android平台發展不同之因應策略，可大致分為建立自有Android-based終端裝置、與Android相容的自有應用服務平台（service platform）以及與Android相容的自有作業系統等。而本研究藉由兩運營商業者之個案研究後發現，運營商業者建立與Android相容的自有應用服務平台及作業系統應為較佳之發展策略，除較能發揮本身的優勢之外，並得以掌握終端用戶使用體驗及開發社群，進而擴大用戶基礎，建立以運營商業者為核心的開放式生態系。 / In the past, mobile operators were predominant in the value chain of mobile communication industry. They created a so-called “Walled Garden” ecosystem in the industry through the development of proprietary platforms and controlled the overall allocation of profits in the value chain. Other players in the industry, including handset manufacturers, content providers and software developers had to comply with the rules set by the mobile operators. However, with the advent of open in applications and contents, user devices, platforms to mobile networks, in the wake of 3G mobile internet value chains, the vendors which are capable of converging end-users and developers, are able to lead the value chain. In the meanwhile, operators who controlled the industry value chain through closed platforms would begin to face challenges from vendors everywhere. In November of 2007, Google and Open Handset Alliance (OHA) introduced Android open platform, which exerted enormous influences in the ecosystem of mobile communication industry. When Google put Android, which stood for freedom and openness of the Internet, and other accompanying strategies into the industry, it attracted many vendors to participate in the development of Android platform. In the same time, collaborations among vendors in the industry became more complicated, and mobile operators were hit the hardest by losing the leader’s role or even relegated to the role of “Dump Pipe”, which only providing their mobile network for data traffic. However, the open industrial circumstances established by Android also created new opportunities, and in the future how mobile operators seize these opportunities and utilize Android platform would be the major challenge for themselves. In this study, the author argued that mobile operators must set their own advantages (including mobile networks, informations of end-users, money flow…etc.) as a foundation to develop their own niche and market positioning. The response strategies stemming from the foundation can be categorized into establishing Android-based devices, Android-based service platforms and Android-based operating systems. And through conducting case studies on two mobile operators, this study found out that to establish Android-based service platoforms and Android-based operating systems would be more suitable for mobile operators to utilize their advantages. In addition, they are able to control the end-user experiences and developer’s communities by these two approaches to enlarge their user base and build open ecosystems that are centered on mobile operators.

隨著時代科技之進步，國有財產管理由圖簿管理邁向資訊化管理已行之有年，惟現今之財產管理系統僅能掌握地籍屬性資料及管理機關的產籍資料，單張地籍圖無法與土地使用現況等空間資料結合，以圖形顯示土地及建物的位置及其空間分佈的分析，並且隨時掌握最新異動情形，導致國有土地未能獲得有效管理運用，被占用情形屢見不鮮。 自從1960年代加拿大地理資訊系統（CGIS）開始運作至今，雖然已有50年之歷史，但在早期，主要工作平台均為價錢昂貴之工作站電腦，其軟硬體價位極高，只有政府或大型研究機構才能負擔，所以GIS始終定位在專業用途，小老百姓一直無緣享受到GIS的好處。不過在近十年來的發展，使用者介面及軟硬體功能均已有長足進步，目前國際標準組織（ISO）與OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium)分別致力於地理資訊系統相關標準制定，迄今已分別推出許多與地理資訊描述與應用之相關標準。且我國對於國土資訊系統（NGIS）之開發整合及流通亦已投注相當心力，種種跡象均顯示GIS之開發門檻已逐漸降低中，且其資料之流通性亦提昇許多，因此本研究將嘗試探討如何利用開放式地理資訊架構（OpenGIS）、免費軟體（Free Software）及開放源碼軟體（Open Source Software），結合Google Earth涵蓋廣闊之地理資源平台，用最經濟且符合實際需求之方式，以地籍圖、地形圖及現況照片，結合既有國有土地及建物的管理屬性資料及相關地理圖形資料，如臺灣基本圖及地形圖等，以GIS的圖形及地理分析功能，輔助國有土地及建物管理之運用。 / With the advance of technology, the management of the state-owned property has been shifted from using map and book to information-based management for some time. However, the property management system today can only get hold of the management of cadastral property information and property registration of producing agencies, yet the cadastral map is not able to integrate with the current land utilization and other spatial data to illustrate the location and to analyze spatial distribution of the lands or buildings. And the fact that cadastral maps cannot be updated in time to grasp the latest alterations has resulted in ineffective management and utilization of state-owned land and arbitrary occupation was not uncommon. It has been fifty years since the operation of the Canadian Geographic Information System (CGIS) in 1960s. However, in the early stage, the working platform were mainly expensive workstation computers, and the prices of hardware and software were so expensive that only the government or large research institutions could afford. Therefore, GIS had been used only for special purposes; the pubic had no access to enjoy the benefits of GIS. However, from the development of the past decade, user interface as well as the function of hardware and software has made a great progress. At present, International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) are separately dedicated to developing geographical information standards and they have launched many standards regarding the description and application of geographical information respectively. Much effort on the integration and the circulation of our National Geographic Information System (NGIS) sees that the threshold of GIS development has been reducing and its circulation of data also has considerably raised. Therefore, this research attempts to combine OpenGIS, Free Software and Open Source Software with Google Earth, a platform that covers a wide geographical resource, with the most economical and realistic approach to integrate cadastral maps, topographic maps and present-day photos with the data of land and building management, and related geospatial data such as base map and topographic maps, etc. By using graphics and geographic analysis functions of GIS, it can support the management of state-owned land and buildings.

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This research study looks at digital academic space, which is defined here as web-based digitally mediated artifacts produced by universities and their members. Open source software projects and the Open Access movement play large roles within digital academic space, not only because of their strong historical academic roots, but also because these projects are growing in prevalence in many universities. Framed by theories from the field of higher education and media studies, this research study is an analysis of the dynamics and effects of one open source software project that produces Open Access electronic journals. The software system, called the Open Journal Systems (OJS), originally developed by an education professor from a Canadian university, has been adopted by thousands of universities world- wide to publish electronic peer reviewed academic journals. OJS users distributed at universities throughout the world have contributed software code back to the system, by for example, creating translation modules enabling users to publish journals in a range of languages thus adding an interesting global dimension to the project. Based on interviews with the OJS software developers, administrators, and users, as well as a range of material culled from online, this situational analysis of the OJS sketches out the conditions, dynamics, discourses and professional identities that form the basis of an emerging phenomenon within universities that is named here the digitally mediated open research project (DMORP

This research study looks at digital academic space, which is defined here as web-based digitally mediated artifacts produced by universities and their members. Open source software projects and the Open Access movement play large roles within digital academic space, not only because of their strong historical academic roots, but also because these projects are growing in prevalence in many universities. Framed by theories from the field of higher education and media studies, this research study is an analysis of the dynamics and effects of one open source software project that produces Open Access electronic journals. The software system, called the Open Journal Systems (OJS), originally developed by an education professor from a Canadian university, has been adopted by thousands of universities world- wide to publish electronic peer reviewed academic journals. OJS users distributed at universities throughout the world have contributed software code back to the system, by for example, creating translation modules enabling users to publish journals in a range of languages thus adding an interesting global dimension to the project. Based on interviews with the OJS software developers, administrators, and users, as well as a range of material culled from online, this situational analysis of the OJS sketches out the conditions, dynamics, discourses and professional identities that form the basis of an emerging phenomenon within universities that is named here the digitally mediated open research project (DMORP