[pt] A questão do pecado no mundo moderno torna-se um desafio, principalmente em vista dos novos paradigmas. Após um período de pouco interesse teológico em relação ao pecado, o Concílio Vaticano II impulsiona a reflexão na busca de seu aprofundamento. Hoje, é oportuno um repensar do tema do pecado, de um modo bem fundamentado e retomando a questão a partir de um enfoque histórico-teológico. Nesta dissertação, propomos um enfoque sistemático e amadurecido sobre os mais diversos ângulos e abordagens da questão do pecado. Nosso estudo é baseado num enfoque que passa pela realidade desde o ontem para chegar a uma compreensão do tema, frente às perspectivas teológico-pastorais nos dias atuais. Daí, também, uma abordagem sobre o Pecado Original e o Sócio-Estrutural. / [fr] La question du péché dans le monde actuel devient un défi, surtout en ce qui concerne les nouveaux paradigmes. Après une période où il n´y avait pas beaucoup d´intérêt théologique en relation au péché, le Concílio Vaticano II a montré la grande necessité de se faire une refléxion plus profonde sur cette question-là. Donc, aujourd´hui c´est opportun repenser le thème du péché d´une manière profonde en reprenant la question, à partir d´une abordage historique-théologique. Dans cette dissertation, nous proposons faire une étude systématique et mature sur les divers angles et discussions de la question du péché. Cet étude est basé sur la question qui passe par la réalité d´hier, pour arriver à une compréhension du péché, en face de les perspectives théologique-pastorales de l´actualité. Nous proposons aussi faire une abordage du Péché Originel et le Péché Socio-Structurel.

This dissertation is concerned with the potential multistability of protein concentrations in the cell that can arise in biochemical networks. That is, situations where one, or a family of, proteins may sit at one of two or more different steady state concentrations in otherwise identical cells, and in spite of them being in the same environment. Models of multisite protein phosphorylation have shown that this mechanism is able to exhibit unlimited multistability. Nevertheless, these models have not considered enzyme docking, the binding of the enzymes to one or more substrate docking sites, which are separate from the motif that is chemically modified. Enzyme docking is, however, increasingly being recognised as a method to achieve specificity in protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation cycles. Most models in the literature for these systems are deterministic i.e. based on Ordinary Differential Equations, despite the fact that these are accurate only in the limit of large molecule numbers. For small molecule numbers, a discrete probabilistic, stochastic, approach is more suitable. However, when compared to the tools available in the deterministic framework, the tools available for stochastic analysis offer inadequate visualisation and intuition. We firstly try to bridge that gap, by developing three tools: a) a discrete `nullclines' construct applicable to stochastic systems - an analogue to the ODE nullcines, b) a stochastic tool based on a Weakly Chained Diagonally Dominant M-matrix formulation of the Chemical Master Equation and c) an algorithm that is able to construct non-reversible Markov chains with desired stationary probability distributions. We subsequently prove that, for multisite protein phosphorylation and similar models, in the deterministic domain, enzyme docking and the consequent substrate enzyme-sequestration must inevitably limit the extent of multistability, ultimately to one steady state. In contrast, bimodality can be obtained in the stochastic domain even in situations where bistability is not possible for large molecule numbers. We finally extend our results to cases where we have an autophosphorylating kinase, as for example is the case with $Ca^{2+}$/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), a key enzyme in synaptic plasticity.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:17:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Janete Aparecida Giorgetti Valente.pdf: 608289 bytes, checksum: 6c082d4d6b83d1f30f38c2156ee8fa71 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Brazil has a history of 500 years of institutionalization of children and adolescents. Since 1990, with the implantation of the Child and Adolescent Statute, a constant effort has been effectuated to guarantee the right to family and community life to this segment. The importance of family and community life for children and adolescents is recognized in the Federal Constitution and in the Child and Adolescent Statute, as well as in other national and international regulations. An important and democratic proposal has been introduced in Brazil in 2006, with a broad participation of national segments: the National Plan for the Promotion, Protection and Defense of the Right of Children and Adolescents to Family and Community Life. This Plan proposes to prioritize this theme, motivating the conceptualization and implementation of public policies to ensure this right, constituting a landmark to the standing up to the culture of institutionalization of children and adolescents in Brazil. Some initiatives of family fostering attempt to offer care alternatives to children and adolescents that need to be temporarily separated from their families. There are also municipalities that have set forth, as a public policy, a Foster Family Program, as the alternative for children and adolescents in need of this kind of protection. This analysis is an offspring of the experience of the SAPECA Program, run by the Municipal Secretary of Social Assistance of the Municipal Administration of Campinas, SP. SAPECA is a family assignation program defined by Art. 90 of the Child and Adolescent Statute, and its objective is to assist in foster families children and adolescents victimized by domestic violence, offering vitalization conditions for their family and community networks, with possibilities of access to social services networks and psychological and social counseling for the family and community groups / O Brasil tem uma história de mais de quinhentos anos de institucionalização de crianças e adolescentes. Desde 1990, com a implantação do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, através da lei tem sido realizado um esforço constante para a implementação de programas de proteção que garantam o direito à convivência familiar e comunitária a esse segmento. A importância da convivência familiar e comunitária para a criança e o adolescente está reconhecida na Constituição Federal de 1988 e no ECA, bem como em outras legislações e normativas nacionais e internacionais. No Brasil uma importante e democrática proposta foi concluída em 2006, com ampla participação nacional: o Plano Nacional de Promoção, Proteção e Defesa do Direito de Crianças e Adolescentes à Convivência Familiar e Comunitária. A estruturação desse Plano propõe dar prioridade à essa temática, incentivando a formulação e implementação de políticas públicas que assegurem esse direito, constituindo um marco para o enfrentamento à cultura de institucionalização de crianças e adolescentes no país. Algumas iniciativas de acolhimento familiar vêm tentando oferecer alternativas de cuidado, à criança e ao adolescente que necessitam ser afastados temporariamente de sua família. Há também municípios que possuem como política pública o programa Família Acolhedora , como única alternativa a crianças e adolescentes que necessitam desse tipo de proteção. Esta análise parte da experiência do SAPECA, que é um programa da Secretaria Municipal de Cidadania, Trabalho, Assistência e Inclusão Social da Prefeitura Municipal de Campinas/SP, previsto no art. 90 do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, como colocação familiar e tem por finalidade atender à criança e ao adolescente vítimas de violência doméstica, em famílias acolhedoras. Esse trabalho envolve uma atenção especial à família de origem objetivando o retorno dos mesmos a ela, desde que de forma protegida. Para isso procura oferecer-lhe condições de vitalização de sua rede familiar e comunitária e possibilidades de acesso à rede de serviços, com trabalhos de orientação sócio-psico individual, no grupo familiar, nos grupos familiares entre si, nos grupos comunitários; e de articulação com os serviços da comunidade

Med hjälp av denna vetenskapliga essä undersöker jag hur man kan uppmärksamma och värna leken och glädjen i musicerandet med förskolebarn. Detta belyser jag inte enbart ur barnens perspektiv utan även ur mitt eget och mina kollegors. Med hjälp av berättelser från min vardag på förskolan och utifrån min praktiska kunskap, ger jag en bild av hur detta kan te sig. Dessa berättelser är ett fundament för mina vidare reflektioner. Vad lek och leklust är skärskådar jag genom att bena upp begreppen i mindre beståndsdelar. Jag reflekterar bland annat över förberedelser, stämning, material, att bedöma gränser, stöttning av enskilda barn, att hålla sig öppen, arbetslaget, risken med longörer och nödvändigheten av humor. Den röst som jag huvudsakligen låter komma till tals är Johan Huizingas. Hans idéer om lekens väsen har hjälpt mig att formulera mina egna tankar. Andra får bistå mig för att ytterligare förtydliga, fördjupa och kontrastera mina resonemang. / Using this scientific essay, I examine how to recognize and protect the play and the joy of music-making with preschoolers. I highlight this not only from the children's, but also from my own and my colleagues, perspective. With the help of stories from my everyday life at preschool and based on my practical knowledge, I provide a picture of how this may emerge. These stories are the foundation for my further reflections. I scrutinize what play and playfulness are and carefully analyze the phenomenon into smaller parts. I reflect about, among other things, the preparation, atmosphere, materials, assessing rules, the support of individual children, ability to stay open, teamwork, the risk of verbosity and the necessity of humor. The voice that primarily has it's say belongs to Johan Huizinga. His ideas regarding the essence of play has helped me formulate my own thoughts. Others has also helped me to clarify, deepen, and contrast my own reasoning in this essay.

This paper will raise issues concerning to a phenomenological ethics. For that, we will seek to find subsidies through the passage of the logos of the aesthetic world to the logos of the cultural world in Merleau-Ponty. One common thread will be determined by this philosopher, with the intent to understand the original nature in the life-world. This thread is called original presence which, in turn, can be identified in both the aesthetic logos as in cultural logos. Merleau-Ponty makes a profound analysis of the studies raised by Husserl, namely a later Husserl, where we find the discovery of a phenomenology of life. Through the discovery of reflexive-body, Merleau-Ponty celebrate the incarnation of the phenomenology of life raised by Husserl. These two philosophers give a strong emphasis facing our attitude toward the opening of the world, the other and the logical objectivity. To better understand this philosophical perspective, we have the contribution of Waldenfels that will extend the concept of attitude and will make, thus, a phenomenological ethic more evident, where this attitude needs to give an answer or rather can not not respond, as the opening of the world create in us a challenge of which I am led to a concrete attitude. This challenge is generated by claims that dialogue with the law (rule) and justice (ethics). This dialogue, in principle, generates a strangeness that drives us to a threshold, creating a gap, allowing a new constitution process. When Waldenfels says that the Ethos begins on the plain of the senses, wants to talk that what affects us depends on the body itself that is affected and that what affects expresses sense for us. In other words, what claims out to us as the possibility of meaning indeed passes through the plain of the senses, must be understood and lived by the own body. In Waldenfels we can find a clear responsive ethics and an ethics of the senses, allowing the construction of a phenomenological ethics. / Este trabalho levantará questões concernentes a uma ética fenomenológica. Para isto, procuraremos encontrar subsídios através da passagem do logos do mundo estético para o logos do mundo cultural, em Merleau-Ponty. Um fio condutor será determinado por este filósofo, com o intento de entender a natureza da vida no mundo. Este fio condutor é chamado de presença originária que, por sua vez, pode ser identificado tanto no logos estético como no logos cultural. Merleau-Ponty faz uma profunda análise dos estudos levantados por Husserl, especialmente o Husserl mais tardio, no qual encontramos a descoberta de uma fenomenologia da vida. Por meio da descoberta do corpo-reflexionante, Merleau-Ponty celebra a encarnação da fenomenologia da vida levantada por Husserl. Estes dois filósofos conferem uma profunda ênfase em relação a nossa atitude através da abertura do mundo, do outro e da objetividade lógica. Para melhor compreendermos esta perspectiva filosófica, teremos a contribuição de Waldenfels que estenderá o conceito de atitude e tornará, assim, uma ética fenomenológica mais evidente, na qual nossa atitude precisa dar uma resposta ética, ou melhor, não pode não responder, pois a abertura do mundo cria em nós um desafio que nos guiará a uma atitude concreta. Este desafio é gerado por clamores que dialogam com a lei (regra) e a justiça (ética). Este diálogo, em princípio, gera uma estranheza que nos leva a um limiar, criando uma fenda, permitindo um novo processo de constituição. Quando Waldenfels diz que o Ethos começa da planície dos sentidos, quer falar que o que nos afeta depende do corpo próprio que é afetado e que o que nos afeta exprime sentido para nós. Em outras palavras, o que clama a nós como possibilidade de sentido precisa realmente passar pela planície dos sentidos; deverá, portanto ser entendido e vivido pelo corpo próprio. Em Waldenfels, podemos encontrar claramente uma ética responsiva e uma ética dos sentidos, permitindo a construção de uma ética fenomenológica.

The work presented here gives a summary of territorial division and public administration development in Slovakia as the bases for present reform of public administration. This work deals with realization of this reform of public administration and territorial division in Slovakia and evaluate process and fulfillment of purposes of this reform. Key words: , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

The master‘s thesis „Mountain chalet“ is elaborated as a project documentation containing all the properties in compliance with valid regulations. The aim of the thesis is the proposal of new objects on the site of the former chalet called Peterbaude in the city Špindlerův Mlýn, on the building estate numer 85/1. The original chalet was on the list of cultural monuments. The architectural solution for the renewall of chalet is assigned by requirements of NPÚ. The documentation of two new objects and reconstruction of existing object are aleborated in the master‘s thesis. The work also comprises thermal technical assessment, dispositional design and specialization work.

TURNING PAGES is an annual magazine of bright voices from all over the world in creative and original writing in English in short fiction, creative nonfiction, and poetry, as well as in play excerpts, drawings, art projects and many other related genres by students, academics, and writers. It is a production of the Chair of English Literatures at the English Department at Chemnitz University of Technology, Germany, and the first journal of its kind at the university.

This Inuvialuit ‘story’ revolves around the Inuvialuit uprising and resurgence against government and industrial encroachment, and the self determination efforts to regain sovereignty of traditional territories. This ‘story’ also discusses how meaningful consultation made the Inuvialuit Final Agreement a reality, through which Inuvialuit land rights and freedoms were formally acknowledged and entrenched in the Canadian Constitution. Through meaningful consultation, Inuvialuit have become ‘meaningful participants’ in sustainable and future-making decisions of Inuvialuit nunangat (Inuvialuit lands) and waters, with respect to the Inuvialuit People and natural beings that Inuvialuit depend upon and maintain relationship with. As ‘meaningful participants’, Inuvialuit have the sovereign rights to “make meaning” and carve out a future as a sovereign nation within the country of Canada. This Inuvialuit ‘story’ is told with an informal framework through which it decolonizes academia, while also highlighting Indigenous voice through an Indigenous lens and worldview. The government and industry are called upon to meaningfully consult with Indigenous Peoples who have not only inhabited Turtle Island for millennia, but who have inherent Indigenous rights and freedoms, as Indigenous embodiment and well-being, and temporality and future-making are entangled with homelands. / Graduate

Increased consumer expectations and diverse consumer needs have led to consumers turning to the internet as a communication medium to share their positive and negative experiences, feelings, and level of satisfaction with others. The primary objective of this study was to explore the nature of user-generated content, in terms of consumer complaint and compliment behaviour related to the seven OEM brands in South Africa. The study focused on the South African automotive industry, and the consumer behaviour associated with post-purchase responses on an online consumer advocacy platform, called Hellopeter.com. A qualitative research design, making use of a content analysis, was employed. In total, 185 user-generated content items were collected from Hellopeter.com for the data-collection period, and 176 complaints and 9 compliments were analysed. The results of this study indicated that the nature of user-generated content related to the seven OEM brands in South Africa could be categorised according to eight broad themes: seven themes were specifically related to consumer complaint behaviour, while one theme was associated with consumer compliment behaviour. The top consumer complaints and compliments related to the OEM brands on Hellopeter.com were also determined. The nature of the user-generated content showed various similarities to that of the general services industry but proved to be unique to the automotive industry. Specific recommendations were made and included that open communication channels and proper feedback systems should be put in place to satisfy consumer needs, and that the findings of the study should be used as a benchmark to monitor and improve consumer complaint and compliment behaviour, as a means to create loyal consumers / Business Management / M. Com (Business Management)