Na Antiguidade Clássica oferendas efêmeras constituídas por guirlandas e festões de flores e frutos foram depositadas em frisos nas antigas construções dando origem aos relevos e esculturas ornamentais que, executados em pedra, foram aplicados sobre os frontispícios dos templos. Esse rico repertório ornamental foi reeditado na Renascença e, na Contra-Reforma, se tornaria representativo de uma estética oficializada pelo Concílio de Trento, dirigida à constituição da igreja enquanto expressão terrena da casa de Deus. No universo laico, a estética estaria subordinada ao poder real, configurando no espaço cortesão uma arte palaciana. No mundo ibérico esses motivos ornamentais seriam transpostos para a madeira, passando a recobrir as superfícies internas dos templos religiosos, também chamados de igrejas cintilantes de ouro, repertório este que chegou ao Brasil pelas mãos de mestres entalhadores, religiosos ou leigos provenientes do Reino. Nos templos construídos em São Paulo, entre os séculos XVII e XVIII, encontram-se exemplares de talha representativa das ocorrências estilísticas que se sucederiam no mesmo período na Europa, assumindo em alguns casos, particularidades regionais. O presente estudo parte dos tratados renascentistas, buscando identificar entre os conjuntos remanescentes do período colonial paulista, alguns dos elementos que teriam contribuído para a formação do repertório ornamental tridentino e palaciano que ocorreram primeiramente nos grandes centros europeus, geradores e difusores de estética, chegando a Portugal, e sendo editados na antiga Província de São Paulo de Piratininga, envolvendo aspectos que em muito ultrapassariam a materialidade dos suportes físicos. / In Classical Antiquity, ephemeral offers of wreaths and embroideries made of flowers and fruits were placed in the friezes of the ancient constructions, thus originating the ornamental engravings and sculptures that, worked in stone, were applied to the frontispiece of temples. This rich ornamental repertoire was reedited in the Renaissance and, in the Counter-Reformation, would become representative of a type of aesthetics made official by the Council of Trent with the intent of constituting the church as the earthly expression of the house of God. In the universe of laity, this aesthetic principle would be under royal power, configuring a palatial art in the court space. In the Iberian world, these ornamental motifs would be transferred to woodwork and cover the inner surfaces of the religious temples, which were also called shinny churches of gold. This repertoire arrived in Brazil through the hands of carving masters, both clergy and laymen coming from the Kingdom. In the temples built in São Paulo, between the seventeenth and the eighteenth centuries, we can find examples of this type of carving that represent the stylistic manifestation which occurred in Europe in the same period, but in some cases presenting regional particularities. This study begins with the Renaissance treaties, seeking to identify among the remaining sets of the colonial period in São Paulo some of the elements that would have contributed to the formation of the palatial and Tridentine ornamental repertoires that occurred firstly in the great European centers, which generated and spread aesthetic trends. These trends would reach Portugal and later the old Province of São Paulo de Piratininga in Brazil, where they found a new expression, involving aspects that greatly surpassed the simple materiality of physical supports.

Denna uppsats undersöker på vilka sätt fyra professionella blockflöjtister lärde sig att ornamentera inom tidig musik. Fokus ligger på deras utbildningsväg före högskolestudier. Det undersöks vilka olika metoder deras lärare använder sig av och på vilka sätt källstudier från 1500- till 1700-talet spelar en roll inom ramen för deras undervisning.

Jean Millet's L Art de bien chanter (1666), describes the air de cour and its ornamentation as it existed in France during the first half of the seventeenth century. This work, translated for the first time into English and transcribed into modern notation, and B6nigne de Bacilly's Remarques curieuses sur l'art de bien chanter (1668) are the only detailed treatises explaining vocal ornamentation during this period. To clarify his ornamentation method, Millet introduces terms referring to placement of agrements, though few performers used them. Millet expresses the old style, popular under Louis XIII, and the provincial view. Bacilly's treatise deals with the air de cour under Louis XIV, which had a more Italian flavor. He gives aesthetic principles aiding the performer in placing and selecting ornaments. Though Millet and Bacilly describe the same practice, striking differences exist between the two air de cour styles.

This thesis provides an analysis of the history and social context of the labret (lip plug) on the Northwest Coast of British Columbia over the last 5,000 years. Although labrets have typically been characterized as markers of ‘status’ with connotations of gender, the variability in observations made by early explorers and ethnographers suggests that this simplistic depiction belies a complexity in what aspect of social identity this form of personal communicated. Therefore, this research has sought to explore the relationship between labrets and social identity by conducting a comprehensive typological analysis by which to examine patterning in materiality through time and space. Although hindered by a lack of temporal data and contextual information on gender association, the results of this research demonstrate that there is geographical patterning at multiple scales—regional, sub-regional and even on the village or site level—which supports the hypothesis that the labret has been an exclusionary tradition conveying both individual and group social identity that varies through time and space in this region. The social meaning of labrets is further explored through research on contemporary labret use, which highlights a tension between individual expression and group acceptance that is expressed materially, contrasting the physical permanence of the labret and the mutability in social meaning conveyed. Finally, interviews with First Nations artists who include labrets in their art has shown that cultural identity both informs and is informed by a concept of shared heritage; thus, the labret is a symbol and expression of social identity that continues to hold significant meaning for the descendants of this heritage. Therefore, while simple correlations of the labret with ‘status’ and ‘gender’ are not wrong, nonetheless they betray the complexity of body ornamentation which, though manifested materially, is highly contextual. This research contributes to the ongoing anthropological discussion of materiality and identity, considering the ways that structured style is negotiated through practice, and asking whether this recursive, dynamic and dialectical relationship can be accessed archaeologically—a task that ultimately requires a commitment to reflexivity, multivocality, and critical examination of the research process itself. / Arts, Faculty of / Anthropology, Department of / Graduate

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2016-09-26T21:20:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 THA?LA VIEIRA ALVES DOS SANTOS_v_final_ficha-2.pdf: 5538347 bytes, checksum: f6306a15edb73efd871da71bcbbdd53c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-26T21:20:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 THA?LA VIEIRA ALVES DOS SANTOS_v_final_ficha-2.pdf: 5538347 bytes, checksum: f6306a15edb73efd871da71bcbbdd53c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Portulaca hirsutissima is a succulent herb that occurs in open fields, sandy or rocky soil in distinct regions in Brazil, belonging to the Portulacaceae family. We analyzed the external morphology, seeds and pollen grains in representatives of this species and related morphotypes along their known distribution. We observed a consistent variation in their micromorphology and two new species are here described and illustrated. Portulaca giuliettiae occurs in Eastern Brazil, from Paraiba to Rio de Janeiro and P. goiasensis is restricted to the Chapada dos Veadeiros, in Central Brazil, while P. hirsutissima is now considered as restricted to Minas Gerais State. / Portulacaceae ? uma fam?lia com ca. de 100 esp?cies de ervas suculentas, com distribui??o em todo o mundo, tendo como centro de diversidade as Am?ricas. O grupo apresenta taxonomia complexa, com caracteres macromorfol?gicos vari?veis e muitas vezes de dif?cil interpreta??o. Neste trabalho foram analisados caracteres micromorfol?gicos das esp?cies que ocorrem no Brasil, como a ornamenta??o das sementes e morfologia pol?nica, em busca de melhor compreender os limites taxon?micos entre as esp?cies. As varia??es observadas envolveram a presen?a de poros ou colpos distribu?dos em todo gr?o de p?len, permitindo a identifica??o de tr?s tipos pol?nicos: pantossincolpado, com colpos organizados em pent?gonos; pantossincolpado, com colpos organizados em espiral; e pantoporado, com poros isolados e organizados em poliedros. A ornamenta??o das sementes forneceu os caracteres taxon?micos mais importantes e permitiu a separa??o de todas as esp?cies analisadas, apoiando inclusive a recente proposi??o de duas novas esp?cies end?micas do Brasil, relacionadas a P. hirsutissima e tamb?m distintas pela morfologia pol?nica.

Centrée sur le règne des trois premiers Valois (1328-1380), cette thèse a pour objectif d’étudier la construction, le fonctionnement et les pratiques du groupe social formé par les notaires et secrétaires exerçant à la chancellerie royale française. Elle se fonde pour cela sur l’examen combiné de leurs pratiques scripturales et de leurs parcours.Ce travail s’appuie sur l’étude de l’intégralité des registres de chancellerie de Philippe VI, Jean le Bon et Charles V. Sujets d’une archéologie textuelle, ces documents sont considérés comme des unités de sens composées de plusieurs strates d’actions humaines s’échelonnant de leur création au XIXe siècle. Une étude comparative avec les registres du Parlement civil contemporains est menée dans le but de déterminer s’il existe, au sein de l’administration royale, un ou plusieurs arts du registre.Les mentions extra sigillum, la signature et les sceaux personnels de plusieurs notaires et secrétaires sont également analysées. Ces marqueurs personnels nous donnent accès tant à des pratiques administratives qu’à l’expression d’une individualité.En pleine expansion sous les trois premiers Valois, l’ornementation des chartes et des registres est également l’objet d’une étude. Pratique connexes aux deux genres documentaires, elle développe une rhétorique visuelle dans le temps long.Les parcours d’une vingtaine de notaires et secrétaires royaux sont enfin appréhendés afin de mettre en évidence les caractéristiques et points de cohésion de ce groupe professionnel devenu communauté confraternelle suite à la création de leur confrérie en mars 1351. / Centered on the reign of the first three Valois (1328-1380), this thesis aims to study the construction, functioning and practices of the social group formed by the notaries and secretaries of the French royal chancellery. It is based on the combined examination of their scriptural practices and their experiences.This work is based on the study of the totality of the chancery registers of Philippe VI, Jean le Bon and Charles V. At the center of textual archeology, these documents are treated as units of meaning composed of several layers of human actions ranging from their creation to the 19th century. A comparative study with registers of civil Parliament is being conducted to determine whether one or more arts of registry within the royal administration are implied.The extra sigillum entries, the signature and the personal seals of several notaries and secretaries are also analysed. These personal markers give us access to administrative practices as well as to the expression of an individuality.In full expansion under the first three Valois, the ornamentation of the charters and registers is also the subject of a study. A practice related to the two documentary genres, it develops a visual rhetoric over time.The careers of some twenty notaries and royal secretaries are finally apprehended in order to highlight the characteristics and points of cohesion of this professional group that became a brotherly community following the creation of their confraternity in March 1351.

Among multi-male, multi-female primate groups, males engage in direct contest competition for access to mates. The priority-of-access model (PoA model) generally predicts that male reproductive success increases with male dominance rank, but the strength of this relationship is expected to decrease with increasing female reproductive synchrony, particularly in seasonally breeding primates. Genetic paternity studies support the model’s predictions, having found a positive relationship between male dominance rank and reproductive success. However, in addition to dominance status and female reproductive synchrony, a number of proximate factors also impact males’ ability to sire offspring, which have not been considered in studies of male reproductive strategies.By integrating behavioral, genetic, morphological, and hormonal analysis as more direct measures of reproductive success in individual males, this dissertation investigated the relationship between male dominance rank and reproductive success and including the proximate factors affecting this relationship in wild northern pig-tailed macaques (Macaca leonina). The main objectives of this study are: 1) to identify the relationships between male dominance rank, male mating success, and male reproductive success, and assess to what extent female synchrony affects these relationships; 2) to identify the proximate factors that may reduce the reproductive success of the top-ranking male and assess variation in male mating tactics related to dominance rank and migration status (i.e., resident males vs. extra-group males); and 3) to evaluate the function of males’ red ornaments that may be used to signal male dominance status (male-male competition) to attract females (female mate choice) or both. The study was conducted at Khao Yai National Park, northeastern Thailand. Systematic data collection on CH group occurred from September 2015-June 2017. The group composition was recorded daily as well as births, deaths, individual emigrations and immigrations, females’ parity status, and the presence of extra-group males (EGMs). Sociosexual data and male-female interactions (i.e., copulations, ejaculatory copulations, consortships, grooming, female proceptive behaviors and receptive behaviors) were recorded during females’ receptive periods. To assess male reproductive success, genetic paternity analyses were conducted on fecal DNA samples collected from 18 adult and subadult males, 22 adult females, and 25 juveniles and infants. To measure red skin coloration of males, hindquarter images were collected non-invasively for seven adult males. From those images, skin color and luminance were computationally quantified to assess variation in male anogenital reflectance. Lastly, fecal samples were collected from nine adult males to assess monthly levels of fecal testosterone by microtitreplate enzyme immunoassay. The distribution of births and matings suggested that northern pig-tailed macaques, at least in this group, are best categorized as moderate seasonal breeders. Indeed, 33-67% of births occurred within a three-month period. Copulation data revealed a positive relationship between male dominance rank and mating success, supporting the predictions of the PoA model. However, the distribution of male reproductive success indicated that: 1) high-ranking males controlled a proportion of paternity much lower than predicted by the PoA model; 2) middle-ranking males controlled a proportion of paternity higher than predicted by the model; and 3) EGMs, not considered in the PoA model, controlled a surprisingly large proportion of paternity despite a low observed mating success. When females were simultaneously receptive, lower-ranking and subadult males engaged in opportunistic and surreptitious copulation and avoided direct competition with higher-ranking males, and most females approached and mated with EGMs out of the resident adult males’ sight. However, one EGM also mated in full sight of resident adult males. This is the first study to report mating and successful paternity by EGMs in a moderately seasonally breeding species.Four male mating tactics were identified: 1) the top-ranking resident male tactic, in which the male competes for the alpha male position to control priority of access to receptive females through long consortships and copulations; 2) the lower-ranking resident male tactic, in which the male copulates opportunistically and surreptitiously out of sight of higher-ranking males mostly during the mating peak; 3) the subordinate EGM tactic, in which the male lives semi-solitarily and copulates opportunistically and surreptitiously, mostly during the mating peaks; and 4) the super-dominant EGM tactic, in which the EGM copulates irrespective of the presence of other males and in full sight of even the highest-ranking resident male. In addition, I found support for female mate choice. Darker and redder males had more mating partners, received more female proceptive behaviors, and were engaged in more consortships and grooming with receptive females. Furthermore, males became redder and darker as female reproductive synchrony increased. Together, these results suggest that male red ornaments exhibited in the male’s anogenital area is attractive to females. Furthermore, behavioral evidence of female mate choice towards EGMs was found. This dissertation provides a comprehensive picture of the complex male mating tactics of northern pig-tailed macaques. To achieve reproductive success, males engage in a diversity of mating tactics, strongly influenced by male dominance rank and the degree of female reproductive synchrony. However, mate-guarding costs, surreptitious copulations by lower-ranking males and EGMs, and female mate choice, need to be included in an extended version of the PoA model to provide stronger predictions of the distribution of male reproductive success in primates.

Within a lifetime of an individual, there are changes in the organism leading to an an impairment of phenotype, survival and reproduction. The expression of phenotypic traits often increases with age. Higher expression of these traits in the young age can lead to decreased probability of survival till the next season, influencing reproductive success of an individual. That is why organisms are challenged with trade-offs, when they have to allocate their limited resources either into the reproduction in form of expression of extravagant sex ornaments or into the life span. If the ornament evolved as a handicap, its exaggerated size could reduce viability of low quality individuals. Therefore, the ornament becomes a predictor of quality of its bearer and its size indicates the ability to survive till the next season. Both sexual ornamentation and inter-individual variation in life span may result in differences in reproductive success (fitness) and targeted by sexual or natural selection. Variability in reproductive success, mainly in monogamous species, can be increased also by sexual promiscuity and extra-pair mating and extra-pair copulations. This strategy can increase the opportunity for selection of traits that play role in choosing of extra-pair mate. In this work, I focused on two potential...

To seek the essence of architecture in the provision of physical control would be to reduce architecture to mere building1. This dissertation questions the accepted pre-eminence of the rational over the intuitive in architectural design. Further investigation into the question forms a themed theoretical discourse around the origins of architecture, or enclosure and the escapism provided by ornamentation. The question is not restricted to the current architectural context and is discussed and ordered by the title trilogy. The investigation departs from a mythical scale gradually focussing to the macro and micro theories, ending on a site contextual level. Anima is the feminine Latin root for ‘soul’ or ‘spirit’, also ‘animal life’ (related to a creature’s breath); Technic is from the Latin technicus which means ‘details’ and ‘methods’. Combined, the words anima and technic refer to an imaginative creative ability, mediation between the unconscious and conscious mind2. Animatechnic becomes a mythological state of process and becoming in which the art of making or representation blurs the boundary between the emotional artisan and the technician; it is further viewed as a simile to the origins of architecture and the art of enclosure. Architecture as Escapism presents the post-modern theoretical debate regarding representation in the current age of production and consumerism, where the authenticity of product and experience plays a vital role. Ornamentation and representation provides objects with narrative lines and places objects in a metaphorical position against each other. The relevance of this understanding to the dissertation is in a possible neo-archaic approach to inventiveness and meaning in an age of production devoid or illusive of sacred being or awareness. ZOO becomes the metaphysical space where the situations of enclosure and escapism accumulate in multiple forms, a place where man’s perceptions of authenticity and reality is challenged. The concepts within the ZOO situation crystallises in the National Zoological Gardens of South Africa (NZG). ZOO is regarded as a collective, a world within a world, a representation in itself of the post modern situation, a microcosm. NZG is the place where, the situations and conditions of the mythical and further theoretical discourse are staged. It is a place where contemporary Animal and Man meets; a landscape of enclosure, cages or artificially copied habitats and representations to provide escapism. ZOO is a space where the collection of Animal and Man can be observed on a global spectrum; the mythical tempus of Paradise, of primordial plenitude. The dissertation aims to communicate the interconnectedness of the trilogy and investigates, interprets and gives form to the discourse and the metaphors or analogies surrounding the theme on various theoretical scales. The project hopes to inform intuitive design approaches by documenting and illustrating the design process involved. The building is redesigned and reinterpreted throughout the process. The investigation should therefore, be seen as the near final synthesis of method or the becoming of a structure and not the rationalised drive to a product. / Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Architecture / unrestricted

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