The diploma thesis is focused on selected designing works related to the design of a specific process of acid water stripping. The main purpose of the work is to describe the procedure and the obtained results for these performed design work based on the relevant assignment and the process requirements. In the introductory two chapters, the work focuses on process introduction and description of main process equipment. The following chapters are devoted to the description of the designing works, specifically simulation of the process in CHEMCAD, design calculation of the spiral plate heat exchanger for feed preheating, creation of 3D model and drawing documentation using AutoCAD Plant 3D and lastly strength analysis of the selected pipeline. The main outputs of this work are mainly generated result reports from the process and equipment simulation and strength analysis of the solved pipeline route, 3D model of the process and selected technical and drawing documentation. At the end of the diploma thesis, the performed activities and their outputs are summarized and evaluated.

Many people with dyslexia find second language learning difficult (Gallardo, et al., 2015; Csizér, et al., 2010; DiFino & Lombardino, 2004; Simon, 2000). A language with a deep orthography has little correspondence between the spelling of a word and its pronunciation, and is said to cause a higher degree of faulty decoding by people with dyslexia (Lindgren & Laine, 2011; Rontou, 2012). English is one of the languages with the deepest orthography (Seymour, Aro & Erskine, 2003). In contrast, one study has found that some exceptional dyslectics read with greater ease and correctness in English compared to their mother tongue Swedish (Miller Guron & Lundberg, 2000). The aim of this study is to contribute to knowledge about how young adults with dyslexia have experienced learning English in primary and secondary school. It is a retrospective study with two participants, whose life histories are in focus. The research questions for this study are: -          What themes arise in the participants’ life histories, concerning the connection between dyslexia and second language learning in English? -          What perspectives of special education have pervaded the English teaching that the participants took part in? -          In which ways were the participants included in the English teaching that they took part in, seen from three aspects of inclusion: spatial-, social- and didactic inclusion? Firstly, the results show that despite having very different experiences of dyslexia and learning English in primary and secondary school, certain common themes arise when cross-analysing the participants’ life histories: -          Support at home and in school affects the motivation for learning English -          English is more difficult to learn compared to other school subjects -          Lower self-esteem/self-worth -          The need for repetition and time for learning English Secondly, the results show that it was mainly the compensatory- and critical perspectives that pervaded the teaching of English that the participants took part in. Only to a minor extent was the dilemma perspective noticeable. Finally, the results show that one of the participants mainly experienced two aspects of inclusion, spatial- and social inclusion, throughout primary and secondary school. Although, one specific teacher managed to include the participant according to all three aspects of inclusion. The other participant, on the other hand, did not experience being included according to any of the aspects. The participants of this study have shown that learning English is definitely a possibility for a person with dyslexia. However, it has not been a walk in the park for either of them but has required a lot of hard work and feelings of distress along the way.

It is a general belief in Japan that the English /s/ and /ʃ/ before high front vowels (as in "see" and "she") are problematic for Japanese ESL (English-as-a-second-language) learners. Some research has also reported the /s/ and /ʃ/ confusion by Japanese ESL learners. Their pronunciation errors are often explained based on phonetics, but there are reasons to believe that the learners’ knowledge of the phonemes of the target words is at fault. This study examines 1) whether monolingual Japanese speakers distinguish the [si] and [ʃi] syllables in both perception and production in the Japanese contexts and 2) what would be the sources of Japanese speakers’ challenges in mastering the distinction between [si] and [ʃi] in their English production if Japanese speakers can produce and perceive the difference between these syllables. This study conducted two experiments. In the first experiment, 93 monolingual Japanese speakers between the ages of 17 and 89 in and around Tôkyô read aloud the written stimuli that had [si] and [ʃi] in the Japanese contexts, repeated the sound stimuli that had [si] and [ʃi] in the Japanese contexts, and listened to the [si:] and [ʃi:] syllables in isolation recorded by a native speaker of Canadian English. The results showed that the participants all distinguished [si] and [ʃi] in both perception and production regardless of their ages. Based on these results, I hypothesized that the [s] and [ʃ] confusion by Japanese ESL learners is caused by misunderstanding, rather than an inability to articulate these sounds. In the second experiment, 27 Japanese ESL students were recorded reading an English passage. The passage contains /s/ (7 times) and /ʃ/ (11 times) before high front vowels. After the reading, the participants were taught the basic English phonological system and the symbol-sound correspondence rules such as “s”-/s/ and “sh”-/ʃ/. The lesson lasted 40 minutes during which the participants were also interviewed to find out their awareness of the symbol-sound correspondence. No articulation explanations were given during the lesson. After the lesson, the participants read the same passage. The results showed that /s/ and /ʃ/ were mispronounced 39 and 67 times respectively in total by the 27 participants before the lesson, but only 7 and 19 times after the lesson. These changes are statistically significant. Moreover, the interview during the lesson revealed that the participants lacked phonological awareness in English as well as the knowledge of the symbol-sound correspondence rules. This study concluded that many of the mispronunciations by Japanese ESL learners, including /s/ and /ʃ/, can be solved by teaching the English phonics rules and some basic phonological rules without teaching the articulation of these sounds.

<p>I denna uppsats undersöks ortografisk namnanpassning av västslaviska ortnamn i tre 1600-talshandskrifter av Knýtlinga saga, Cod. Holm. 41 4to^x, Cod. Holm. 55 fol^x, och Lbs 222 fol^x. Syftet med arbetet är dels att både teoretiskt och metodologiskt bidra till diskussionen angående namnanpassningsprocessen och särskilt vad gäller ortografisk namnanpassning, dels att studera individuell ortografisk namnanpassning i ett konkret handskriftsmaterial. Undersökningens material utgörs framför allt av de i de utvalda handskrifterna belagda ortnamnsformerna på 39 västslaviska toponymer. Bland undersökningens teoretiska och metodologiska resultat kan man nämna avgränsning och definition av huvudtermer (<em>namnreplikation</em>, <em>namnanpassning</em>, <em>ortografisk namnanpassning</em> o.s.v.) och utveckling av specifika metodologiska redskap för att studera namnanpassningsfenomen i skrift, t.ex. bortsortering av ortografiska fel i enlighet med en bestämd princip utifrån jämförelsen av de undersökta ortnamnsformerna med s.k. <em>ursprungliga former</em>, d.v.s. de ortnamnsformer som är belagda i handskriftens bevarade förlaga. Det förekommer 28 ortografiska anpassningar fördelade på 11 av 39 undersökta toponymer. Dessa anpassningar kan delas in i 4 typer: formell, semantisk, formell-semantisk ortografisk namnanpassning och ortnamnsersättning. I samtliga av de undersökta handskrifterna går det att spåra en klar tendens till formell anpassning av ortnamnen. Anpassningsfrekvensen varierar från skrivare till skrivare, men det är möjligt att konstatera att flest anpassningar gjorts av Jón Þórðarson, författaren till Lbs 222 fol^x. Huvudorsaken till de upptäckta anpassningarna tycks ligga i systemtvånget, då de flesta ursprungliga ortnamnsformer som blir anpassade i materialet på olika sätt strider mot onomastikonet/språksystemet. Det visar sig att en av de faktorer som i de flesta undersökta fall bidragit till att namnet till slut anpassats, är namnets synkrona ogenomskinlighet.</p>

語言系統中，形音之間的映照關係為一持續受到探討的議題。本篇論文旨在利用眼動閱讀實驗以及口語理解─視覺典範深入探究閱聽中文形聲字時，音形映照之存在性及其時序歷程。 本文進行兩個眼動實驗。實驗一旨在探究視覺的閱讀歷程中，中文的音形映照於詞彙層次和次詞彙層次之歷程及影響。結果顯示，同音字密度效果未達顯著，但音形對應一致性效果於晚期眼動指標中顯著呈現。顯示出音形映照於視覺詞彙辨識的晚期產生影響，並證實語音表徵和字形表徵於視覺處理中是互為雙向影響之觀點，實驗一結果並支持音至形的反向連結映照於視覺模式中具有其重要性。實驗二主要使用口語理解─視覺典範，進一步探究並檢驗音形映照於口語詞彙辨識過程中之時序及歷程。結果顯示，音形對應一致性效果於早期眼動指標中顯著呈現，隨後同音字密度效果於晚期眼動指標中顯著呈現。此研究結果支持雙向交互激發模型(BIAM)之假設，顯示詞彙辨識機制中，存在字音和字形表徵之間的動態交互連結；並證實字形表徵於口語詞彙辨識過程中時序性的影響。 整體而論，本研究整合形音映照之概念所衍生出的形音一致性效果及同音字密度效果，就視、聽兩種模式之眼動實驗，檢視音形映照歷程，並進一步提供音形映照的實驗證據，探究其於中文語言系統的文字辨識歷程中之影響力與重要性。 / The present study aims to examine the states of phonological to orthographic (P-O) mappings when reading and listening Chinese phonograms. Two eye tracking experiments regarding to visual and auditory modalities were conducted to explore the intrinsic nature and the temporal dynamics of P-O mappings in Chinese word recognition. Experiment 1 manipulated homophone density and P-O consistency to investigate the involvement of P-O mappings at lexical and sublexical levels during the reading process. The result of Experiment 1 revealed that the P-O consistency effect was evident in second-pass eye movement indices of total viewing time (TVT) and rereading rate (RRR), demonstrating a late occurrence of P-O consistency effect at a the verification stage in reading. The occurrence of P-O consistency is in accordance with the view that the phonological information and orthographic representation are activated in a bidirectional flow, which implies that the mappings from phonology to orthography were guaranteed during the reading process. Experiment 2 utilizes visual world paradigm to explore the P-O mappings in auditory modality and further inspect the temporal dynamic in listening Chinese spoken characters. The result demonstrated that the P-O consistency effect emerged approximately 300 ms earlier than the homophone density effect, reflecting the early P-O consistency effect and the relatively late HD effect during the temporal stage of spoken word recognition. The result also supports the bidirectional activation of orthographic and phonological codes during word recognition, demonstrating the notion that the dynamic influences of orthography representation on spoken word recognition are ubiquitous at both sub-lexical and lexical levels.

I denna uppsats undersöks ortografisk namnanpassning av västslaviska ortnamn i tre 1600-talshandskrifter av Knýtlinga saga, Cod. Holm. 41 4tox, Cod. Holm. 55 folx, och Lbs 222 folx. Syftet med arbetet är dels att både teoretiskt och metodologiskt bidra till diskussionen angående namnanpassningsprocessen och särskilt vad gäller ortografisk namnanpassning, dels att studera individuell ortografisk namnanpassning i ett konkret handskriftsmaterial. Undersökningens material utgörs framför allt av de i de utvalda handskrifterna belagda ortnamnsformerna på 39 västslaviska toponymer. Bland undersökningens teoretiska och metodologiska resultat kan man nämna avgränsning och definition av huvudtermer (namnreplikation, namnanpassning, ortografisk namnanpassning o.s.v.) och utveckling av specifika metodologiska redskap för att studera namnanpassningsfenomen i skrift, t.ex. bortsortering av ortografiska fel i enlighet med en bestämd princip utifrån jämförelsen av de undersökta ortnamnsformerna med s.k. ursprungliga former, d.v.s. de ortnamnsformer som är belagda i handskriftens bevarade förlaga. Det förekommer 28 ortografiska anpassningar fördelade på 11 av 39 undersökta toponymer. Dessa anpassningar kan delas in i 4 typer: formell, semantisk, formell-semantisk ortografisk namnanpassning och ortnamnsersättning. I samtliga av de undersökta handskrifterna går det att spåra en klar tendens till formell anpassning av ortnamnen. Anpassningsfrekvensen varierar från skrivare till skrivare, men det är möjligt att konstatera att flest anpassningar gjorts av Jón Þórðarson, författaren till Lbs 222 folx. Huvudorsaken till de upptäckta anpassningarna tycks ligga i systemtvånget, då de flesta ursprungliga ortnamnsformer som blir anpassade i materialet på olika sätt strider mot onomastikonet/språksystemet. Det visar sig att en av de faktorer som i de flesta undersökta fall bidragit till att namnet till slut anpassats, är namnets synkrona ogenomskinlighet.

Le trouble développemental du langage ou la dysphasie se définit comme étant un trouble qui affecte l’acquisition normale du langage oral. Plusieurs sphères du langage peuvent ainsi être affectées à différents degrés. Des difficultés phonologiques, morphosyntaxiques, lexicales et pragmatiques sont constatées chez cette population d’enfants, et ce, tant dans le volet expressif que réceptif. Ces difficultés se manifestent tôt dans la petite enfance et la plupart d’entre elles persistent malgré une prise en charge rééducative importante. Des difficultés d’acquisition de la langue écrite sont également signalées chez ces apprenants. Cela n’est pas surprenant dans la mesure où l’acquisition du code écrit français requiert des connaissances solides de la langue parlée alors qu’un corpus important de données empiriques soutient que les élèves dysphasiques abordent l’acquisition de la langue écrite avec des connaissances orales appauvries. Bien qu’une grande partie de ces données proviennent des travaux anglophones, certains consensus se dégagent et soutiennent l’idée de la présence des difficultés en lecture, plus particulièrement en identification de mots, mais aussi en compréhension en lecture. Les difficultés en production écrite, bien que moins documentées, sont observées, notamment dans les compétences de planification, de génération des idées, mais aussi de révision et de correction d’une production écrite. Les habiletés de production orthographique seraient également inférieures aux normes attendues. S’il est admis que les difficultés d’identification et de production de mots écrits isolés seraient expliquées par une incapacité à emmagasiner et à récupérer les représentations orthographiques dans le lexique orthographique, peu d’études ont porté sur la construction de ce lexique chez l’élève dysphasique francophone. Les conclusions issues des études anglophones doivent être interprétées avec prudence dans la mesure où les deux codes orthographiques présentent des particularités. Bien que le but premier de cette étude exploratoire soit de décrire les compétences orthographiques chez la population d’élèves dysphasiques, nous aimerions aussi comprendre quels sont les facteurs influant sur ce développement. Il est actuellement admis que les habiletés de conscience phonologique, les habiletés de dénomination rapide, les habiletés de mémoire à court terme verbale seraient très prédictives de l’acquisition de la lecture-écriture. D’autres facteurs sont également reconnus comme étant prédictifs de la réussite en lecture-écriture, notamment les habiletés visuoattentionnelles, les habiletés de mise en correspondance graphophonologique ou encore les capacités d’automatisation. Prenant appui sur un corpus important de données suggérant l’existence des difficultés phonologiques chez l’élève dysphasique, dans cette étude nous aimerions vérifier si ces déficits expliqueraient les faibles connaissances orthographiques chez cet apprenant. L’objectif principal de cette étude consiste à décrire les connaissances orthographiques chez l’élève dysphasique francophone du primaire. Trois objectifs spécifiques découlent du principal objectif : 1) Décrire les connaissances orthographiques de l’élève dysphasique ; 2) Identifier si les scores en production de mots écrits sont reliés à d’autres épreuves ayant recours aux connaissances orthographiques telles que la reconnaissance de mots et de pseudo-mots et la compréhension en lecture et 3) Identifier si des facteurs phonologiques tels que la mémoire à court terme verbale, la conscience phonologique, la mise en correspondance phonologique ainsi que la dénomination rapide sont liées aux représentations orthographiques chez l’enfant dysphasique. Une approche méthodologique à groupes comparatifs a été employée dans l’étude pour analyser les performances de trois groupes de participants de l’échantillon à l’étude : 1) un groupe expérimental incluant les élèves présentant un trouble développemental du langage sévère (DYS, N = 25, âge moyen = 9,72), 2) un groupe contrôle apparié selon le niveau de lecture (CL, N = 26) et 3) et un groupe contrôle apparié selon l’âge chronologique (CA, N = 42). Les résultats de cette étude exploratoire suggèrent que les performances en production orthographique des élèves dysphasiques s’apparentent à celles des élèves plus jeunes du groupe CL. De plus, les élèves dysphasiques semblent présenter des performances inférieures aux épreuves évaluant les habiletés phonologiques, notamment la mémoire à court terme verbale, la conscience phonologique, la dénomination rapide et automatisée et la mise en correspondance graphophonologique, en montrant, une fois de plus, des performances similaires à celles des élèves du groupe CL. Enfin, la présence de liens hétérogènes entre les scores aux épreuves phonologiques et à celles évaluant les connaissances orthographiques indiquerait que les connaissances phonologiques ne sont pas entièrement responsables du retard dans le développement de la compétence orthographique chez les apprenants dysphasiques. / Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) is a condition that affects the standard acquisition of oral language. Several spheres of language can be affected to different degrees. Phonological, morphosyntactic, lexical and pragmatic difficulties can be observed in the sample of children affected by DLD, on both expressive and receptive aspects. Such difficulties manifest themselves in early childhood and most of them stay consistent, despite rehabilitative measures being taken. Difficulties in acquiring writing abilities are also identified in those learners’ process. These challenges are not surprising considering that French written code requires a strong knowledge of spoken language and a large body of empirical data suggests that students affected by DLD approach the learning process with poor oral capacities. Although a large part of this data comes from works published in English, some consensuses diverge and suggest the presence of challenges in reading skills, more specifically in word identification, but also in reading comprehension. Writing challenges, although less documented, are also observed, notably in planning skills, expressing ideas, but also in the revision and correction steps of a written piece. Orthographic production abilities could also be inferior to standardized norms. If identification and isolated word production challenges would be explained by an inability to store and reuse orthographic representations in the orthographic lexicon, few studies were oriented on the French dysphasic student’s construction of this lexicon. Studies conducted on English samples must be carefully interpreted, as French and English have very different orthographic codes with each their particularities. The main goal of this exploratory study is to describe the orthographic competences of dysphasic students and comprehend what factors are influencing their language development. It is currently considered that phonological awareness, rapid automatized naming and short-term verbal memory abilities could very well predict the learning process of reading and writing. Other factors are recognized to predict success in reading and writing, notably visuoattentional skills, graphophonological processes or also automatization capacities. Relying on a large body of data suggesting the existence of phonological difficulties experienced by dysphasic students, this study will try to verify if those deficits explain the poor orthographical knowledge of those learners. The main goal of this study is to describe the orthographical knowledge of French elementary school students affected by DLD. Three goals are derivatives of the main one: 1) Describing the orthographical knowledge of the dysphasic student; 2) Identify if the written word production results are related to other tests using orthographical knowledge such as word/pseudo-word recognition and reading comprehension and 3) Identify if phonological factors such as short term verbal memory, phonological awareness, graphophonological processes as well as rapid automatized naming are related to the dysphasic student’s orthographical representation. A group comparative methodological approach was used in this study in order to analyze the results of three groups of participants of the study sample : 1) an experimental group including students with severe DLD (DYS, N = 25), 2) a controlled group matched according to reading skill level (CL, N = 26) and a controlled group matched according to chronological age (CA, N = 42). This exploratory study’s results suggest that the dysphasic students’ performances in orthographical production are similar to those of the younger students of group CL. Furthermore, students affected by DLD seem to score inferior results in tests evaluating phonological abilities, notably short term verbal memory, phonological conscience, rapid automatized naming and graphophonological processes, again demonstrating results similar to those of students of group CL. Conclusively, heterogenic and discordant links between the French dysphasic elementary school learners’ scores in phonological tests and orthographical knowledge tests show that phonological knowledge is not entirely the cause of delays in the development of their orthographical skills.

This dissertation investigates how cognates are organized in the bilingual mental lexicon and examines whether orthography in one language, via phonological representations, influences the processing of cognates and false friends in the other language. In light of the framework of two well-known models of bilingual visual word recognition, the Bilingual Interactive Activation (BIA) and the Bilingual Interactive Activation Plus (BIA+), the premise is that there is activation from orthography to phonology across a bilingual’s two languages and that this activation is modulated by the degree of orthographic and phonological code overlap. Two objective metrics were used to assess crosslinguistic similarity of Portuguese-English cognates and false friends that were selected for a cross-language lexical decision task with masked priming. Dynamic time warping (DTW), an algorithm that was originally conceived to compare different speech patterns in automatic speech recognition and to measure acoustic similarity between two time-dependent sequences, was used to compute crosslinguistic phonological similarity. The Normalized Levenshtein Distance (NLD), an algorithm that calculates the minimum number of single-character insertions, deletions or substitutions required to change one word into another and normalizes the result by their lengths, was used to compute crosslinguistic orthographic similarity. Portuguese-English bilinguals who acquired their second language after reaching puberty, and English functional monolinguals who grew up speaking primarily English were recruited to participate in the experimental task. Based on collected reaction time and accuracy data, mixed-effects models analyses are used to estimate the individual effects of crosslinguistic orthographic, phonological and semantic similarity and the role each of them, along with English proficiency, word frequency and length play in the organization of the Portuguese-English bilingual mental lexicon.

Les travaux présentés dans ce mémoire portent sur l'étude, la conception et le développement de deux nouveaux prototypes de reconstruction tridimensionnelle, spécifique aux objets transparents. La numérisation 3D d'objets opaques est abondamment traitée dans la littérature et de nombreux systèmes sont d'ailleurs commercialisés. Cependant, lorsqu'il s'agit de la numérisation 3D d'objets transparents, les publications se font rares et aucun système de scanning n'existe sur le marché. La technique de numérisation de surfaces transparentes demeure compliquée et non maîtrisée à l'heure actuelle. L'opacification de la surface avant le scanning s'avère être la solution retenue dans le domaine du contrôle qualité. Néanmoins, cette alternative n'est pas optimale en raison du coût de traitements et du manque de précision éventuellement engendré. Afin de solutionner les problèmes de la numérisation d'objets transparents, nous avons développé deux approches dites non conventionnelles en étendant les méthodes existantes (dans le visible) aux longueurs d'onde dans lesquelles les sujets apparaissent opaques (IR et UV). Les deux méthodes de mesure sans contact retenues sont : - la reconstruction par polarisation dans l'IR, en vue de s'affranchir des problèmes d'inter-réflexions; - le scanning par laser UV, pour satisfaire les contraintes industrielles (précision, rapidité et coût) tout en résolvant de manière efficace le problème de réfraction. La première approche est fondée sur la réflexion spéculaire de l'objet dans l'IR tandis que la seconde exploite la propriété de l'objet à fluorescer sous l'irradiation UV. L'inexistence des lentilles télécentriques dans l'IR nous a conduits à adapter la reconstruction par polarisation dans l'IR à l'aide d'une lentille non télécentrique. Pour ce faire, une méthode d'approximation du modèle orthographique a été développée et une méthode de validation visant à améliorer la précision des résultats a été en outre intégrée dans le processus de reconstruction après l'étape d'estimation des paramètres de Stokes. Nos résultats sont très satisfaisants et attestent la faisabilité de la reconstruction par polarisation dans l'IR. Quatre configurations de système de scanning par triangulation ont été déployées afin d'exploiter la propriété de fluorescence des objets transparents irradiés sous un rayonnement UV. Des expérimentations visant à caractériser la fluorescence induite à la surface des objets considérés et à vérifier l'éligibilité de notre approche ont été menées. Les mesures spectroscopiques nous ont permis d'élaborer des critères de "tracking" (détection et localisation) des points fluorescents en présence des bruits inhérents à l'acquisition. Nous avons également mis au point des méthodes de validation des paramètres du modèle de reconstruction 3D estimés lors de la calibration, permettant ainsi d'optimiser la configuration du système de scanning. Les méthodes de "tracking" et de validation ont contribué considérablement à l'amélioration de la précision des résultats. Par ailleurs, la précision obtenue n'a jamais été atteinte au regard de ce que l'on trouve dans la littérature. / Two non-conventional methods for the 3D digitization of transparent objects via non-contact measurement are reported in this thesis. 3D digitization is a well acknowledged technique for opaque objects and various commercial solutions based on different measurement approaches are available in the market offering different types of resolution at different prices. Since these techniques require a diffused or lambertian surface, their application to transparent surfaces fails. Indeed, rays reflected by the transparent surface are perturbed by diverse inter-reflections induced by the refractive properties of the object. Therefore, in industrial applications like quality control, the transparent objects are powder coated followed by their digitization. However, this method is expensive and can also produce inaccuracies. Among the rare methods suggested in the literature, shape from polarization provides reliable results even though their accuracy had to be improved by coping with the inter-reflections. The two proposed solutions handle the extension of the existing methods to wavelengths beyond visible ranges: - shape from polarization in Infra Red (IR) range to deal with the above-mentioned inter-reflections; - scanning by Ultra Violet (UV) laser (based on triangulation scheme) to overcome the refraction problem that can be feasibly applied in industrial applications. The characteristic physical properties of transparent objects led us to explore the IR and UV ranges; since, transparent glass has strong absorption bands in the IR and UV ranges and therefore has opaque appearance. The first approach exploits the specular reflection of the considered object surface in IR and the second one exploits the fluorescence property of the object when irradiated with UV rays. Shape from polarization traditionally based on telecentric lenses had to be adapted with non-telecentric lenses to be used in the IR range. Thus, an approximation of the orthographic model is developed in this thesis while a validation method is implemented and integrated in the reconstruction process after Stokes parameters estimation, in order to improve the accuracy of the results. Some results of digitized objects are presented, which prove the feasibility of the shape from polarization method in the IR range to be used for transparent objects. A total of four configurations of the triangulation system are implemented in this thesis to exploit fluorescence produced by the UV laser scanning of the second approach. Experimental investigations aimed at characterizing the fluorescence are done. A specific fluorescence tracking method is carried out to deal with the inherent noise in the acquisitions. The uniqueness of the method relies on the criteria that are derived from the analysis of spectroscopic results. A validation method is made to optimize the configuration system while reducing the accuracy of reconstruction error. The results of some object digitization are presented with accuracies better than previously reported works.