Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:35:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 438180.pdf: 2122221 bytes, checksum: d5a6c63d839bb923aebbfee716b836a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-27 / INTRODUCTION: It is known the potential effect of bariatric surgery on weight reduction and improvement of associated comorbidities but is still not determined the ratio obtained between the components of body weight. This study aims to verify the change in body composition during the first year of post-bariatric surgery. METHODS: Was conducted a prospective observational cohort study. Were selected 50 patients with morbid obesity who underwent bariatric surgery and who kept up the care team according to the protocol during the first year after surgery. Patients were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively for periods of one, three, six and 12 months by tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance analysis and laboratory testing of lipids and serum albumin. Data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The variables of body composition obtained statistical significance (p <0.001), the mean and standard deviation in the pre and one year postoperatively, are respectively: BMI: 45,8?7,5 to 30,0?4,8 kg/m?; body fat: 64,7?15,5 to 30,6?9,8 kg, body fat percentage: 51,6?4,17 to 37,3?7,6%, total cholesterol: 197,1?49,8 to 169,8?31,0 mg/dl. The reduction in BMI achieved patients withdrew from the classification of morbid obesity to obesity grade I. The decrease in body fat percentage shows a better proportion between the body components. The percentage of fat decreased significantly more in males (p=0,012). The lean body mass (p=0,000) had the highest reduction in patients operated by the SUS (Unified Health System - Government of Brazil). CONCLUSION: The change in body composition of patients in the course of the first year of post-operative RYGBP assessed by tetrapolar BIA was statistically significant for all variables, demonstrating the effectiveness of the surgical procedure and the clinical protocol set, which tends to favor a better prognosis for the health and weight maintenance of patients in the long term. / INTRODU??O: ? conhecido o efeito potencial da cirurgia bari?trica na redu??o do peso corporal e na melhora das comorbidezes associadas, mas ainda ? pouco determinada a propor??o obtida entre os componentes do peso corporal. Este estudo tem por objetivo verificar a modifica??o da composi??o corporal durante o primeiro ano de p?s-operat?rio de cirurgia bari?trica. M?TODO: Foi realizado um estudo de coorte observacional prospectivo. Foram selecionados 50 pacientes obesos m?rbidos que foram submetidos ? cirurgia bari?trica e, que mantiveram acompanhamento conforme protocolo da equipe assistencial. Os pacientes foram avaliados no pr? e no p?s-operat?rio nos per?odos de um, tr?s, seis e 12 meses por bioimped?ncia tetrapolar e exames laboratoriais de l?pides e albumina s?rica. Os dados foram submetidos ? an?lise estat?stica. RESULTADOS: A altera??o da composi??o corporal apresentou signific?ncia estat?stica (p<0,001). Para as vari?veis apresentadas, os valores de m?dia e desvio padr?o nos per?odos pr? e de um ano p?s-operat?rio, s?o respectivamente: IMC (?ndice de massa corporal): 45,8?7,5 para 30,0?4,8 Kg/m?; gordura corporal: 64,7?15,5 para 30,6?9,8 Kg; percentual de gordura corporal: 51,6?4,17 para 37,3?7,6%; colesterol total: 197,1?49,8 para 169,8?31,0 mg/dl. A redu??o de IMC alcan?ada retirou os pacientes da classifica??o de obesidade m?rbida para obesidade grau I. Houve uma maior redu??o de percentual de gordura no sexo masculino (p=0,012). A massa magra corporal (p=0,000) obteve maior redu??o em pacientes operados pelo SUS (Sistema ?nico de Sa?de - Governo do Brasil). A diminui??o no percentual de gordura corporal demonstra uma melhor propor??o entre os componentes corporais. CONCLUS?O: A modifica??o na composi??o corporal dos pacientes no primeiro ano de p?s-operat?rio de cirurgia bari?trica, avaliada por bioimped?ncia tetrapolar, foi estatisticamente significante para todas as vari?veis analisadas, demonstrando efetividade do procedimento cir?rgico e do protocolo cl?nico institu?do, o que tende a favorecer um melhor progn?stico para a sa?de e para a manuten??o do peso destes pacientes ? longo prazo.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:36:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 395298.pdf: 318741 bytes, checksum: 41a56bfc7c02a45cb7253931529c0a99 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-27 / A transfus?o de plaquetas e/ou hem?cias geralmente ? realizada em pacientes submetidos ? esplenectomia por P?rpura Trombocitop?nica Imune (PTI). O objetivo deste estudo ? testar se a emboliza??o pr?-operat?ria da art?ria espl?nica ? eficaz na redu??o da necessidade de transfus?o de hem?cias ou plaquetas. Vinte e sete pacientes foram submetidos ? esplenectomia por PTI de outubro de 1999 a mar?o de 2006 pela mesma equipe cir?rgica. Os primeiros 17 pacientes n?o foram submetidos a emboliza??o e foram comparados com os outros 10 indiv?duos nos quais a emboliza??o foi realizada. A contagem de plaquetas no grupo em que a emboliza??o foi realizada subiu de uma m?dia de 7000/mm ? antes do procedimento, para 75000/mm? ap?s. N?o foi necess?rio transfundir plaquetas ou gl?bulos vermelhos no grupo submetido a emboliza??o, comparando com 11 pacientes com transfus?o de plaquetas (p=0,001) e 8 pacientes com transfus?o de hem?cias (p=0,01) no grupo sem emboliza??o pr?-operat?ria. Neste estudo, concluiu-se que a emboliza??o pr?-operat?ria da art?ria espl?nica ? um m?todo seguro e eficaz para evitar o uso de transfus?es em esplenectomias por PTI.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:38:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 429370.pdf: 1235255 bytes, checksum: 4ecffea5720192242bc1558b225c5160 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-27 / A partir da ideia de p?s-modernidade como grande desestabilizadora dos discursos modernos como condi??o contempor?nea e modificada sob a qual adquirimos conhecimento, o trabalho que desenvolvemos tem o objetivo debater a situa??o do conto hoje. Tomando o g?nero no Brasil como foco de estudo e pensando a escrita liter?ria como um jogo de apropria??o e nega??o do Outro, apresentamos o que podemos compreender como conto ou cont?stica p?smoderna. Para isso, abordamos autores como Marcelino Freire, Amilcar Bettega Barbosa, Marcelo Benvenutti, Ivana Arruda Leite, Daniel Pellizzari, entre outros, assim como a escrita do miniconto, estilo fundamental na discuss?o da trajet?ria do g?nero.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2016-09-05T16:43:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_ALICE_EINLOFT_BRUNNET_PARCIAL.pdf: 931677 bytes, checksum: 6f6d157d7790dc17f68651d72187e643 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-05T16:43:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_ALICE_EINLOFT_BRUNNET_PARCIAL.pdf: 931677 bytes, checksum: 6f6d157d7790dc17f68651d72187e643 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-01 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Haitian immigration to Brazil is a recent event that occurs, mostly since the earthquake that struck Haiti in 2010. The associations between migration and mental health have been the focus of many studies, especially in North American and European countries. The impact of migration on mental health is still controversial. Immigrants are frequently exposed to risk factors such as low socioeconomic status, low educational level, and increased psychological distress. Despite such risks, a number of epidemiological studies indicate that immigrants have lower rates of psychiatric disorders than natives. Studies in different backgrounds are needed to better understand the risk and protection factors for mental health problems in this population. This dissertation is composed by two studies, being one systematic review and one empirical study. The systematic review explores PTSD prevalence in migrants with different cultural backgrounds and analyzes evidence about the immigrant paradox. Eight empirical articles reporting PTSD prevalence in migrants were included following the PRISMA statement guidelines. Most studies were conducted in the USA. PTSD prevalence rates varied between 2.6% and 62%. Due to several methodological issues in the few included studies, there is still not enough evidence to provide support for ? or against ? the immigrant paradox in PTSD research. Prevalence rates are influenced by a complex interaction between risk and protection factors, and migration per se may be a less important factor than the conditions of migration. High rates of PTSD in migrants were found in the studies, what highlights the need of further research with this population, not only with refugees. More studies should investigate the influence of cultural factors on PTSD prevalence in migrants outside of the USA and Europe. The empirical study aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated to PTSD, anxiety and depression symptoms in Haitian migrants in southern Brazil. The sample comprises 66 participants selected from four different sites in three cities of a Brazilian southern state. Participants fulfilled a socio-demographic questionnaire, as well as instruments investigating traumatic events, post-migration difficulties and symptoms of PTSD, anxiety and depression. PTSD prevalence in the sample was 9.1%. Depression and anxiety symptoms were in the clinical range in 10.6% and 13.6% of participants, respectively. Linear regression models were utilized to investigate factors associated to PTSD, anxiety and depression symptoms. Number of traumatic events, acculturation difficulties, discrimination and low social support were associated to the investigated mental health disorders. Potential protective factors are discussed. The results point to the importance of public policies to promote better social support for migrants. Providing information to the Brazilian population about migration may improve receptiveness in the host society. / Ap?s o terremoto que atingiu o Haiti em 2010 houve um aumento da imigra??o haitiana ao Brasil. A associa??o entre migra??o e sa?de mental tem sido o foco de muitos estudos, em especial em pa?ses da Am?rica do Norte e da Europa. O impacto da imigra??o ainda ? controverso. Imigrantes s?o frequentemente expostos a fatores de risco como pobreza, baixa escolaridade, viol?ncia, entre outros. No entanto, alguns estudos epidemiol?gicos indicam que imigrantes apresentam baixos ?ndices de psicopatologias quando comparados com a popula??o nativa. Estudos em diferentes contextos s?o necess?rios para um melhor entendimento dos fatores de risco e prote??o para sa?de mental dessa popula??o. A presente disserta??o ? composta por dois estudos, sendo uma revis?o sistem?tica e um estudo emp?rico. A revis?o sistem?tica explora a preval?ncia do Transtorno de Estresse P?s-traum?tico (TEPT) em imigrantes provenientes de diferentes contextos e analisa poss?veis evid?ncias do immigrant paradox nesta popula??o. A revis?o foi conduzida a partir das recomenda??es do PRISMA. Oito estudos emp?ricos que reportam a preval?ncia de TEPT em imigrantes foram inclu?dos. A maioria dos estudos foi realizada nos Estados Unidos. A preval?ncia de TEPT variou entre 2,6% e 62%. Devido a limita??es metodol?gicas dos estudos inclu?dos, n?o foi poss?vel evidenciar a presen?a ou a aus?ncia do immigrant paradox. Por outro lado, a preval?ncia parece ser influenciada por um padr?o complexo de fatores de risco e prote??o e a imigra??o em si pode ser um fator menos importante do que as condi??es da migra??o. Altos ?ndices de TEPT em imigrantes foram encontrados nos estudos, o que justifica a realiza??o de estudos de investiga??o do transtorno nesta popula??o e n?o apenas em refugiados. A partir desta revis?o, o estudo emp?rico teve como objetivo investigar a preval?ncia e os fatores associados aos sintomas de TEPT, ansiedade e depress?o em imigrantes haitianos no Rio Grande do Sul. A amostra foi composta por 66 participantes, selecionados de quatro diferentes locais em tr?s cidades do estado. Os participantes preencheram um question?rio sociodemogr?fico, assim como instrumentos que investigam eventos traum?ticos, dificuldades p?s-migra??o e sintomas de TEPT, ansiedade e depress?o. A preval?ncia de TEPT encontrada foi de 9.1%. Sintomas significativos de ansiedade e depress?o foram encontrados em 10.6% e 13.6% dos participantes, respectivamente. Regress?es lineares foram realizadas a fim de investigar poss?veis fatores associados a sintomas de TEPT, ansiedade e depress?o. O n?mero de eventos traum?ticos, dificuldades de acultura??o, discrimina??o e baixo suporte social foram associados com as psicopatologias estudadas. Potenciais fatores protetivos s?o discutidos. Os resultados apontam para a import?ncia de pol?ticas p?blicas para promover suporte social para os imigrantes. Al?m disso, a promo??o de informa??o sobre migra??o para a popula??o brasileira pode melhorar a receptividade da sociedade de acolhida.

The final thesis deals with the construction of a stock portfolio. The traditional portfolio theory models of Markowitz and Sharpe and anomalies based on fundamentals are shown and applied in Germany. In the first part, portfolio theory and fundamentals are explained. The mathematical model is demonstrated in the second part. Empirical results are shown in the last part.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-05T12:37:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Simone de Souza Fernandes.pdf: 745580 bytes, checksum: 7836d760ce3ea36d3e5602714715cd42 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-05T12:37:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Simone de Souza Fernandes.pdf: 745580 bytes, checksum: 7836d760ce3ea36d3e5602714715cd42 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-27 / Yogurt is a fermented milk resulting from a mutual interaction between the lactic acid bacteria Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. For yoghurt quality assurance, the cell numbers of each microorganism, should not be less than 1x107per gram, therefore a relative ratio lactobacilli and streptococci should be 1:1, although a 1:2 ratio is also accepted. During storage of yoghurt exposed for sale, post-acidification may occur, changing the ratio of the two microorganisms. The objectives of this research were to evaluate yoghurts of four different manufacturers named A, B, C and D, in relation to the number and balance between streptococii and lactobacilli during the storage and its relation with acidity and pH. In this way, yoghurts with up to 20 days of manufacturing (band I) and more than 20 days (band II) were evaluated. Better recovery of L. delbruckii subsp. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus was observed with LB and M17 media respectively, which were used to determine the relative ratio of the two microorganisms. An imbalance in the lactobacilli numbers which were lower than that of streptococci was verified and considered inadequate, in two out of four commercial brands. In yoghurts from the manufacturer A, there was a significant reduction in the number of lactobacilli from band I to band II leading to an increase in the relative ratio of streptococii to lactobacilli. There was no significant difference in the counts of streptococci or bacilli from one band to another with the other three brands of yoghurts. The acidity of yoghurts from manufacturer D revealed significantly higher (P< 0.05) than the others, although it did not result in an increased pH reduction. All samples attended the legislation in relation to total lactic acid bacteria counts, acidity, pH and mould and yeast count / Iogurte ? um leite fermentado resultante de uma intera??o microbiana mutualista entre as bact?rias l?cticas Streptococcus thermophilus e Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. Para que a qualidade do iogurte seja garantida o n?mero de c?lulas destes dois microrganismos individualmente, n?o deve ser inferior a 1x107 por grama, portanto uma propor??o relativa de lactobacilos e estreptococos de 1:1 sendo a propor??o 1:2 tamb?m aceita. Durante o armazenamento dos iogurtes expostos para venda podem ocorrer p?s-acidifica??o e modifica??o na propor??o dos dois microrganismos. Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram avaliar iogurtes de quatro diferentes fabricantes as quais foram denominados A, B, C, D quanto ao n?mero e equil?brio entre as duas bact?rias l?cticas durante o armazenamento, e ao mesmo tempo determinar as caracter?sticas f?sico-quimicas (pH e acidez) e contagem de bolores e leveduras. Para tanto, adotou-se duas faixas de avalia??o, faixa I (at? 20 dias de fabrica??o) e faixa II (ap?s 20 dias). Foi observada melhor recupera??o L. delbruckii subsp. bulgaricus e S. thermophilus, respectivamente com os meios LB e M17 que foram usados para determina??o da propor??o relativa dos dois microrganismos. Foi verificado um desequil?brio no n?mero de lactobacilos que foi inferior ao de cocos e, considerado inadequado, em duas das quatro marcas comerciais. Nos iogurtes da marca A houve redu??o significativa no n?mero de lactobacilos da faixa I para faixa II levando a um aumento na propor??o de cocos relativa ao de bacilos. Nos iogurtes dos tr?s outros fabricantes n?o houve diferen?a significativa nas contagens de cocos ou de lactobacilos de uma faixa para outra. Tamb?m n?o foi observada diferen?a significativa de acidez e pH relacionados ao tempo de prazo comercial nas faixas I e II nas quatro marcas de iogurte analisadas. A acidez dos iogurtes do fabricante D foi significativamente mais elevada (P<0,05) que a dos demais, embora n?o tenha resultado em maior redu??o de pH nestes produtos. Todas as amostras analisadas estavam em conformidade com a legisla??o vigente no que se refere ao m?nimo exigido de bact?rias l?ticas totais que ? de 1x107 UFC/mL. Tamb?m estavam em conformidade com rela??o ? acidez, pH e contagem de bolores e leveduras. Palavras-chave: leite

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-30T11:58:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Fabiane Azeredo Atallah.pdf: 2871575 bytes, checksum: e1634a7beeeaf1a05ff40e3641148f81 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-30T11:58:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Fabiane Azeredo Atallah.pdf: 2871575 bytes, checksum: e1634a7beeeaf1a05ff40e3641148f81 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-01-16 / This study aimed to evaluate the postoperative complications in 20 bitches previously submitted to ovariohysterectomy, correct these complications by surgery, and correlate the findings observed in preoperative diagnostic exams with those found during exploratory laparotomy. The animals were evaluated from the first day to the third month after consultation. Questionnaires were filled out by the owners. Bitches were submitted to clinical and laboratory exams, and ultrasound of the pelvic and abdominal regions. The most important complications observed were fistulas, ovarian and uterine stump granuloma, intestinal adherence, presence of ovarian remnants, hydronephrosis, and hydroureter. Two bitches died, and normal physiological functions were restored in all the other bitches. This study identified that mistakes that lead to these problems occur frequently during nonprofit reproductive control activities and in animal protection organizations as well as in private clinics, and are made not only by veterinary medicine students prematurely acting as veterinarians at the owners? homes, but also by veterinary medicine professionals. This study showed that mistakes made during ovariohysterectomy may cause several alterations in organs of the abdominal cavity that may lead to death. / Esse estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar as complica??es p?s-operat?rias em 20 cadelas anteriormente submetidas a ov?rio-histerectomia e corrigir cirurgicamente essas complica??es, bem como correlacionar as altera??es observadas nos exames diagn?sticos pr?-operat?rios com as observadas durante a laparotomia explorat?ria. Os animais foram avaliados desde o primeiro dia de atendimento at? o terceiro m?s. Foram aplicados question?rios aos propriet?rios e as cadelas foram submetidas a exames cl?nicos, laboratoriais e ultra-sonografia das regi?es p?lvica e abdominal. As complica??es mais importantes na p?s ov?rio-histerectomia observadas durante a laparotomia explorat?ria foram f?stulas, granuloma de coto ovariano e uterino, ader?ncias intestinais, ov?rio remanescente, hidronefrose e hidroureter. Duas cadelas vieram a ?bito e, em todas as outras se conseguiu restabelecer as fun??es fisiol?gicas. Essa pesquisa identificou que esses erros est?o sendo corriqueiramente cometidos, n?o s? em projetos de castra??o como em entidades protetoras de animais, mas tamb?m em cl?nicas particulares, por acad?micos de Medicina Veterin?ria que atuam precocemente em domic?lios e por profissionais da Medicina Veterin?ria. Esse estudo indicou que os diversos equ?vocos cometidos durante a realiza??o de uma ov?rio-histerectomia podem provocar severas altera??es em diversos sistemas da cavidade abdominal animal que podem at? culminar com o ?bito.

Submitted by PPG Comunica??o Social (famecos-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-08-30T11:25:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 OT?VIO_DAROS_DIS.pdf: 1449419 bytes, checksum: 9e98988df6058d54c326da287f9c799f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-08-31T11:53:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 OT?VIO_DAROS_DIS.pdf: 1449419 bytes, checksum: 9e98988df6058d54c326da287f9c799f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-31T12:04:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 OT?VIO_DAROS_DIS.pdf: 1449419 bytes, checksum: 9e98988df6058d54c326da287f9c799f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Douglas Kellner (?1943) emerged in the 1990's as a leading scholar of media phenomena. This research seeks to reconstruct his trajectory in this area of knowledge. His ideas are analyzed by assessing their merits and problems, progress and difficulties. It is emphasized the way in which his intellectual course was influenced by the so-called western marxism, in particular by the School of Frankfurt. It also highlights how the author approaches cultural studies by appropriating the legacy of the Center for Contemporary Cultural Studies. Kellner makes both currents dialogue, in the shadow of discussions about postmodernism and the so-called cultural wars in the United States. Aiming to show how all this has repercussions in his analysis of what he called ?media culture?, and then ?era of the spectacle?, first his ideas are contextualized historically and intellectually. Second, his proposal for media literacy is analyzed, as a pragmatic dimension of his critical study of the media. Subsequently, the application of his studies about cinema and, especially, television is evaluated. In the end, the material presented is commented, interpreted, and criticized, making the study of media theories dialog with other areas of knowledge. In conclusion, Kellner proposes an innovative synthesis in theoretical and methodological terms, profiled with the so-called cultural Marxism. But also that it is not exempt of conceptual contradictions that generate analytical simplifications during the research, apparently deriving from unbridled ideological commitments. / Douglas Kellner (?1943) emergiu nos anos 1990 como importante estudioso dos fen?menos de m?dia. A presente pesquisa busca reconstruir sua trajet?ria nessa ?rea do conhecimento. Quer-se analisar suas ideias avaliando m?ritos e problemas, avan?os e dificuldades. Salienta-se o modo como seu percurso intelectual foi influenciado pelo chamado marxismo ocidental, em especial pela Escola de Frankfurt. Tamb?m se ressalta como o autor se aproxima dos estudos culturais, ao apropriar-se do legado do Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies. Kellner faz ambas as correntes dialogarem, ? sombra das discuss?es relativas ao p?s-modernismo e ?s chamadas guerras culturais ocorridas nos Estados Unidos. Visando mostrar como tudo isso repercute em sua an?lise do que chamou de ?cultura da m?dia? e, em seguida, ?era do espet?culo?, primeiro contextualiza-se historicamente e intelectualmente suas ideias. Em segundo, examina-se sua proposta de alfabetiza??o midi?tica, enquanto dimens?o pragm?tica de sua proposta de estudo cr?tico da m?dia. Em um terceiro momento, mostra-se a forma como ela se aplica em seus estudos sobre cinema e televis?o. Ao final, procede-se ao coment?rio, interpreta??o e cr?tica do material apresentado, vendo como se deu a recep??o de suas ideias no mundo acad?mico. Conclui-se que Kellner prop?s s?ntese inovadora em termos te?ricos e metodol?gicos, perfilada com o chamado marxismo cultural. Mas tamb?m que ela n?o est? isenta de contradi??es conceituais geradoras de simplifica??es anal?ticas durante a pesquisa, aparentemente oriundas de compromissos ideol?gicos desenfreados.

Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-04-11T11:47:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SinaraSantAnnaCelistreTese2015.pdf: 3594630 bytes, checksum: 00ca097007efc543cb2426092f13169a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-04-11T11:47:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SinaraSantAnnaCelistreTese2015.pdf: 3594630 bytes, checksum: 00ca097007efc543cb2426092f13169a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-11T11:47:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SinaraSantAnnaCelistreTese2015.pdf: 3594630 bytes, checksum: 00ca097007efc543cb2426092f13169a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-20 / In the Brazilian education scnario, Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) has made an effective contribution towards the entrance of new generations in the labor market. Accordingly, investing in the further qualification of teachers working in that field is a strategy that will enable education to achieve its goals. That fact has aroused questioning of the effectiveness of graduate specialization courses dedicated to the in-service, further qualification of teachers. To answer the question this research set out to assess the limits and possibilities of such a program for teachers in that field and the effects of the program on their teaching practices. The case study method of investigation was adopted because it allows for an understanding of the more complex social phenomena. Participants included teachers, students, and pedagogical coordinators of a private education institution. The study conclusions were that: rather than just learning more about teaching methods and techniques, TVET teachers need to appropriate components that are essential to provide them with an understanding of the complexity of the educator???s task. Although teaching and learning are distinct from one another, when teaching does not lead to learning, it becomes an innocuous act; lifelong learning and qualification is a bid to decipher theory in order to organize and support it, reformulate it and, if necessary, refute it, dislodging the usual perceptions of education; and, an educational process that fails to ensure that the teacher has the components needed to bring about change autonomously and securely is necessarily flawed in its intent and results; much of what teachers do and achieve stems from what they believe in individually. Thus, understanding should be followed by acceptance because the mere mechanical repetition of practices generates mistaken interpretations. In-service evaluation of teachers in their normal classroom activities is indispensable for the purpose of following up on the results of educative actions which should lead to better teaching and increased learning on the part of students. When it disseminates innovations to its students, the institution must realize that, even though they have undergone the same educational process, they will have different perceptions individually and take different lengths of time to put into practice, or not, the proposed changes. Pedagogical theory and practice form an inseparable unit that should be the nucleus that structures the teacher???s education; the school and its web should be the object of study in order to achieve an understanding of the real needs of those that actually materialize the educational actions. The considerable distance between educational reform proposals and their effective materialization suggests that there is a problem associated to the illusory nature of some projects designed bring about changes. At the same time as the teachers??? reflective capacity is being expanded, it is essential to think through the qualifying process they undergo, taking as the starting point, the practical demands, that is, the real circumstances lived out in social contexts and in the organizations where teaching takes place. Educational proposals must be supported on the basis of a systemic vision taking into account the connections that exist between knowledge and know how. The decisive elements that actually brought about changes in the discourse and practices of TEVT teachers that took part in the graduate specialization course were the establishment of the relations between the knowledge acquired and the reality of the daily round of their teaching activity, and the existence of the will to bring about change in concepts and behaviors and of a propitious environment for change. / No cen??rio educacional brasileiro, a educa????o profissional tem contribu??do efetivamente para que as novas gera????es ingressem no mundo do trabalho. Assim, investir no desenvolvimento dos professores que atuam nesse campo ?? uma das estrat??gias para que a educa????o alcance seus prop??sitos. Esta realidade provocou indaga????es quanto ?? efetividade de um curso de p??s-gradua????o, de especializa????o, na forma????o continuada de professores. Para respond??-las, esta pesquisa objetivou avaliar limites e possibilidades de um programa de forma????o continuada de professores da educa????o profissional, bem como seus efeitos na sua pr??tica pedag??gica. O estudo de caso, por permitir a compreens??o de fen??menos sociais com maior n??vel de complexidade, foi o m??todo de investiga????o adotado. Participaram da pesquisa professores, alunos e coordenadores pedag??gicos de uma institui????o educacional privada. O estudo conduziu ??s seguintes conclus??es: mais do que aprender m??todos e t??cnicas de ensino, o professor precisa apropriar-se de componentes essenciais ?? compreens??o da complexidade da tarefa educativa; ensino e aprendizagem s??o processos distintos, por??m, quando o ato de ensinar n??o resulta em aprendizagem, ?? uma a????o in??cua; a forma????o continuada visa decifrar a teoria, a fim de organiz??-la, ampar??-la, reformul??-la e, se necess??rio, refut??-la, desacomodando percep????es usuais de educa????o; uma forma????o que n??o garante ao professor componentes necess??rios para que efetue mudan??as com autonomia e seguran??a demonstra fragilidade em seus prop??sitos e resultados. Grande parte daquilo que o professor realiza ?? decorrente do que acredita. Assim, o entendimento deve vir seguido da concord??ncia, pois a repeti????o mec??nica de pr??ticas gera interpreta????es equivocadas. A avalia????o da a????o docente no cotidiano da sala de aula ?? imprescind??vel ao acompanhamento dos resultados das a????es formativas, que devem ser revertidos em um ensino melhor e no incremento da aprendizagem dos alunos. Ao difundir inova????es entre professores, a institui????o deve compreender que ainda que realizem a mesma forma????o, ter??o percep????es e tempos distintos para colocar em pr??tica, ou n??o, as mudan??as propostas. A teoria e a pr??tica pedag??gica comp??em uma unidade indissoci??vel, que deve ser o n??cleo estruturante da forma????o do professor; a escola e a sua teia de rela????es devem ser objeto de estudo para que se compreendam as reais necessidades daqueles que concretizam as a????es educativas. Distanciamentos expressivos entre propostas de reformas educacionais e sua efetiva concretiza????o sugerem um problema associado ao car??ter ilus??rio de alguns projetos de mudan??a; simultaneamente ?? amplia????o da capacidade reflexiva do professor, ?? necess??rio pensar o seu processo formativo tomando como ponto de partida as demandas da pr??tica, as quais s??o concebidas como circunst??ncias reais, vividas nos contextos sociais e organizacionais onde acontece o ensino; as propostas formativas devem respaldar-se em uma vis??o sist??mica de educa????o, considerando as conex??es existentes entre o saber e o saber fazer. As mudan??as que se efetuaram a partir da participa????o no programa de forma????o continuada, seja no discurso seja na pr??tica docente, tiveram como elementos decisivos o estabelecimento de rela????es entre os conhecimentos adquiridos e o cotidiano da pr??tica docente, a vontade de mudar concep????es e comportamentos e um ambiente favor??vel ?? mudan??a.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:22:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 448852.pdf: 665609 bytes, checksum: 0740bbfb36289c2dbf1d1223059bc24b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-01-25 / Individuals who are exposed to traumatic events and develop Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) might present psychological, behavioral and cognitive difficulties after being exposed to trauma. Symptoms of PTSD include reexperience of the traumatic event, avoidance of stimuli related to the trauma and increased excitability. Regarding cognitive impairments, in addition to impairment in episodic memory and attention, PTSD has also been associated with impairments in executive functions. The impairments are not associated only with the formal diagnosis of PTSD and were also identified in individuals with high symptomatology of the disorder. This study aims to investigate cognitive performances on measures of executive functions in individuals with PTSD symptoms. For this, two studies were conducted, one theoretical and one empirical, presented in form of articles. The theoretical article sought to establish an overview of executive impairments shown by individuals exposed to trauma with either formal diagnoses of PTSD, history of PTSD or PTSD symptoms through a systematic review. The empirical article aimed to assess the cognitive performance of 29 subjects exposed to trauma and high scores on SPTSS inhibition, working memory and cognitive flexibility symptoms. These individuals had their performances compared to 24 individuals who were never exposed to any traumatic event, matched in age and education. Considering the high prevalence of disorders presented in comorbidity with PTSD the control group was formed by individuals who were being treated for any psychological or psyquiatric disorder other than PTSD. The control group consisted of clinical population because the presence of other psychopathologies can cause impairments on executive function. PTSD symptoms were assessed with the Screen for Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms (SPTSS), that aims to identify reexperience, avoidance and increased excitability symptoms in individuals exposed to trauma. A descriptive study with cross-sectional design was conducted. The group with individuals exposed to trauma and high PTSD symptoms showed poorer performance on Trail Making Test (p=0,009), an instrument used to assess cognitive flexibility. These impairments can lead to difficulties in adopting new cognitive strategies needed to deal with cognitive and environmental triggers that lead to the memory of the traumatic event. Only impairments in cognitive flexibility were identified, suggesting that some but not all EF components are affected by PTSD / Indiv?duos que experienciam um evento estressor traum?tico e desenvolvem Transtorno de Estresse P?s-traum?tico (TEPT) podem apresentar dificuldades psicol?gicas, comportamentais e cognitivas decorrentes da exposi??o ao trauma. Entre os principais sintomas do TEPT destacam-se a reviv?ncia do evento traum?tico, a esquiva de est?mulos relacionados ao trauma e a excitabilidade aumentada. No que se refere aos preju?zos cognitivos, al?m dos preju?zos na mem?ria epis?dica e na aten??o, o TEPT tem sido associado a preju?zos no funcionamento executivo. Esses preju?zos n?o s?o associados apenas ao diagn?stico formal de TEPT, sendo, tamb?m, identificados em indiv?duos com alta sintomatologia do transtorno. O objetivo geral deste estudo foi investigar o desempenho cognitivo em medidas de Fun??es Executivas (FE) de indiv?duos com elevada sintomatologia p?s-traum?tica de TEPT. Para isso, foram realizados dois estudos, um te?rico e um emp?rico, apresentados na forma de artigos. O artigo te?rico busca estabelecer, atrav?s de uma revis?o sistem?tica, um panorama geral dos preju?zos executivos apresentados por indiv?duos expostos a traumas com sintomas e diagn?stico formal atual ou passado de TEPT. O artigo emp?rico tem como objetivo avaliar o desempenho cognitivo de 29 indiv?duos expostos a traumas e com elevada sintomatologia p?s-traum?tica em medidas de inibi??o, flexibilidade cognitiva e mem?ria de trabalho. Esses indiv?duos tiveram seu desempenho comparado com o de 24 controles n?o expostos a nenhum evento traum?tico, pareados em rela??o ? idade e escolaridade. J? que indiv?duos com TEPT frequentemente apresentam outros transtornos em comorbidade, os controles inclu?dos tamb?m estavam em tratamento psicol?gico ou psiqui?trico para outras psicopatologias. Dessa forma, buscou-se observar poss?veis altera??es de desempenho cognitivo que n?o se devessem simplesmente ? exist?ncia de um transtorno, mas especificamente ao TEPT. Os sintomas de TEPT foram avaliados atrav?s do Instrumento de Rastreio de Sintomas de Estresse P?s-traum?tico (SPTSS), que tem como objetivo identificar sintomas de reviv?ncia, excitabilidade aumentada e esquiva em indiv?duos expostos a traumas. A pesquisa realizada foi descritiva, com delineamento do tipo transversal. O grupo composto por indiv?duos expostos a traumas e com alta sintomatologia de TEPT apresentou pior desempenho no Trail Making Test (p=0,009) instrumento utilizado para avalia??o da flexibilidade cognitiva. Esses preju?zos podem conduzir a dificuldades na ado??o de novas estrat?gias cognitivas necess?rias para lidar com os gatilhos ambientais e cognitivos que remetem ao evento traum?tico. Os resultados indicam que preju?zos em um ou mais componentes das FE podem estar associados aos sintomas de TEPT.