雲南及其鄰近地區的面具文化豐富，但卻鮮少有學者以整體性的研究視野論述該地區的文化特質，因此本文以文化區的學理檢視雲南及其鄰近地區的面具文化，並視其為一文化特質，提出「面具文化圈」的論點。同時從文獻分析得知，現有研究大多集中於儺、藏面具研究，這與現存多地區的面具文化現象有極大落差，換言之，在面具文化圈中還有許多尚未被研究與記錄的面具文化。 面具文化圈與其內部的地區面具文化在族群、文化、歷史與生態環境上形成複雜關聯，本文一方面以丹塞鬼面節為例，說明面具文化圈中文化型式的差異，另一方面視鬼面節為文化展演，紀錄並分析鬼面節儀式，從宗教、國族意識、觀光經濟與地方教育等觀察面向，說明在地文化情境如何建構鬼面節，並與寮國佬族面具文化形成差別，最後再由文化變遷的現象，進一步探討伊森地區族群認同的議題。 透過面具文化圈與鬼面節的論述過程，本研究得出三大結論：（一）雲南及其鄰近地區可視為一「面具文化圈」，（二）從面具文化原型與變形辯證中，可說明在地情境是主導文化產生變遷的重要因素，以及（三）當伊森特性促成文化變遷的同時，也可能會對族群認同產生影響。在泰、寮的文化脈絡裡，丹塞鬼面節案例呈現出文化變遷和族群認同兩大意義，本文希望透過鬼面節的實證研究，增加面具文化的區域研究案例，使其既能在大區域的面具文化圈中呈現出文化意義，又能深入顯示出文化情境對區域文化所產生的結構性影響。 / This dissertation regards Yunnan Province and neighboring areas as the "mask culture circle" from the theory of culture area, and explores its forming reasons, such as ethnic migration, mask-culture trait and archetype of mask-ritual and so on. The author finds the most mask studies to focus on the researches of Nuo-mask and Tibet-mask through analysis data , so it means that there are many mask cultures have not been studied and recorded yet within "mask culture circle". “Mask culture circle” and its regional mask culture form complex relationship in terms of ethnic, culture, history and environment. This dissertation takes Phi Ta Khon Festival in Dansai as a case and illustrates it how to make different with the cultural model of “mask culture circle”. Meanwhile, the author thinks Phi Ta Khon Festival as a cultural performance and records, analyzes Phi Ta Khon Festival in terms of religion, national consciousness, tourism economy and local education in Dansai, for understanding local environment how to construct Phi Ta Khon Festival. Because local environment makes regional mask culture form cultural changes, so we can have a further discussion about the issue of ethnic identity in Isan. Generally, there are three conclusions in this dissertation: (a).Yunnan Province and neighboring areas can be regarded as the "mask-culture circle". (b).Through discussing with the relationship of archetype and variety of mask culture, it can help us to know that local environment is an important factor to cultural changes. (c).When Isan-ness makes cultural changes, at the same time, it maybe also exert an influence on ethnic identity. Phi Ta Khon Festival shows the meanings of two things, one is cultural changes, and another is ethnic identity. This dissertation hopes Phi Ta Khon Festival can increase case studies of mask culture, and lets it not only present the cultural meaning to” mask culture circle” , but also show the impact of local environment on regional mask culture.

Nous nous intéressons aux aspects algorithmiques de la théorie des représentations modulo p de groupes de Galois p-adiques. À cet effet, l'un des outils introduits par Fontaine est la théorie de ϕ-modules : un ϕ-module sur un corps K de caractéristique p est la donnée d'un espace vectoriel de dimension finie sur K muni d'un endomorphisme ϕ, semi-linéaire par rapport au morphisme de Frobenius sur K. Les représentations à coefficients dans un corps fini du groupe de Galois absolu de K forment une catégorie équivalente à la catégorie des ϕ-modules dits " étales " sur K. Le but des travaux rassemblés ici est donner des algorithmes pour décrire le plus complètement possible la représentation associée à un ϕ-module donné. Nous étudions en préambule les ϕ-modules sur les corps finis, ce qui nous permet d'obtenir de nouveaux résultats décrivant les polynômes tordus sur un corps fini, qui sont des ob jets utilisés notamment en théorie des codes correcteurs. Cela nous permet d'améliorer en partie l'algorithme dû à Giesbrecht pour la factorisation de ces polynômes. Nous nous intéressons ensuite à la catégorie des ϕ-modules sur un corps de séries formelles de caractéristique p. Nous donnons une classification des ob jets simples de cette catégorie lorsque le corps résiduel est algébrique- ment clos, et décrivons un algorithme efficace pour décomposer un ϕ-module en ϕ-modules " isoclines ". Nous donnons des applications à l'étude algorithmique des représentations de p-torsion de groupes de Galois p-adiques.

The computation of the macroscopic response of polycrystalline aggregates from the properties of their single-crystal is a main problem in materials mechanics. During the mechanical deformation processing, all the grains in the polycrystalline material sample are reoriented. A crystallographic texture may thus be developed which is responsible for the material anisotropy. Therefore, the modeling of the texture evolution is important to predict the anisotropy effects present in industrial processes. The formulation of polycrystals plasticity has been the subject of many studies and different approaches have been proposed. Ahzi and M'Guil developed a viscoplastic phi-model. This model takes into account the grains interaction effects without involving the Eshelby inclusion problems.In this thesis, the phi-model was applied to different crystallographic structures and under different loading conditions. The mechanical twinning has been taken into account in the model. The FCC rolling texture transition from copper-type to brass-type texture is studied. The shear tests in FCC metals are also studied. The predicted results are compared with experimental shear textures for a range of metals having a high SFE to low SFE. For BCC metal, we compare our predicted results with those predicted by the VPSC model. We study the slip activities, texture evolutions and the evolution of yield loci. We also present a comparison with experimental textures from literatures for several BCC metals under cold rolling tests. The model has also been extended to HCP metals. We predict the deformation behavior of the magnesium alloy for different interaction strengths. We also compare our predicted results with experimental data from literatures. We show that the results predicted by the phi-model are in good agreement with the experimental ones.

General ideas in the conformal bootstrap program are covered. Both numerical and analytical approaches to the bootstrap equation are reviewed to show how it can be manipulated in different ways. Further analytical approaches are studied for theories with defects. We consider the three-dimensional CFT at the corresponding WF fixed point in the O(N) \phi^4 model with a co-dimension two, monodromy defect. Anomalous dimensions for bulk- and defect-local fields as well as one of the OPE coefficients are found to the first loop order. Implications of inserting this defect and constraints that arises from symmetries of the theory are investigated.

Deep learning, a sub-topic of machine learning inspired by biology, have achieved wide attention in the industry and research community recently. State-of-the-art applications in the area of computer vision and speech recognition (among others) are built using deep learning algorithms. In contrast to traditional algorithms, where the developer fully instructs the application what to do, deep learning algorithms instead learn from experience when performing a task. However, for the algorithm to learn require training, which is a high computational challenge. High Performance Computing can help ease the burden through parallelization, thereby reducing the training time; this is essential to fully utilize the algorithms in practice. Numerous work targeting GPUs have investigated ways to speed up the training, less attention have been paid to the Intel Xeon Phi coprocessor. In this thesis we present a parallelized implementation of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), a deep learning architecture, and our proposed parallelization scheme, CHAOS. Additionally a theoretical analysis and a performance model discuss the algorithm in detail and allow for predictions if even more threads are available in the future. The algorithm is evaluated on an Intel Xeon Phi 7120p, Xeon E5-2695v2 2.4 GHz and Core i5 661 3.33 GHz using various architectures and thread counts on the MNIST dataset. Findings show a 103.5x, 99.9x, 100.4x speed up for the large, medium, and small architecture respectively for 244 threads compared to 1 thread on the coprocessor. Moreover, a 10.9x - 14.1x (large to small) speed up compared to the sequential version running on Xeon E5. We managed to decrease training time from 7 days on the Core i5 and 31 hours on the Xeon E5, to 3 hours on the Intel Xeon Phi when training our large network for 15 epochs

Prostate cancer diagnostic algorithm Aim: The aim of the study is to implement the latest scientific knowledge in the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PC). We focused on tumor markers, imaging methods, prostate biopsy methodology and we created a diagnostic algorithm based on a review of current literature in combination with our own experience. Material and methods: The algorithm is divided into several branches, which have been individually subjected to clinical studies. Due to the low sensitivity and specificity of PSA, prostate health index (PHI) was added to the first line of patient stratification. 787 patients were primarily examined and these subsequently underwent radical prostatectomy. PHI levels were compared with definitive staging and grading. Cut-off values for PC detection and high-risk stratification, including locally advanced PC were determined. Next, 320 patients underwent prostate biopsy followed by radical prostatectomy. The cohort was further divided into two subgroups, patients with GS = 6 and patients with GS > 6. The ability of PHI to distinguish between insignificant and significant prostate cancer was evaluated. In a multicentric study with 395 patients, PHI with additional markers (tPSA, PSAD) and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging of prostate (mpMRI) was assessed....

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Die Elemente Al, Mg und Zn sind wichtige Komponenten für leichte und hochfeste Legierungen, wie die Al- oder Mg-Knetlegierungen. Darüber hinaus ist das Al-Mg-Zn-System sehr interessant, weil vier ternäre komplexe intermetallische Phasen, genannt τ1, τ2, Φ und q, darin vorkommen. Die aktuellen experimentellen Phasendiagramme des Al-Mg-Zn-Systems enthalten nur provisorische oder keine Homogenitätsbereiche der Φ-, τ2- und der q-Phase aufgrund unzureichender experimenteller Daten. Ziel der Arbeiten war es, die Homogenitätsbereiche der q-, τ2- und der Φ-Phase neu zu ermitteln und die Kristallstruktur der Φ-Phase zu bestimmen. Proben wurden durch Schmelzen und Wärmebehandlung in Ta-Ampullen oder durch Zentrifugieren aus der Schmelze hergestellt und durch XRD, SEM, EDXS, WDXS und DSC charakterisiert. Während der Neuuntersuchung der Al-Mg-Zn Phasengleichgewichte in der Nähe des Teilsystems Mg-Zn und nahe bei τ1 wurde eine Reihe von neuen ternären Phasen entdeckt. Die Kristallstrukturen für die Φ-Phase (Pbcm, a = 8,9374 (2) Å, b = 16,812 (3) Å, c = 19,586 (4) a) und drei der neuen intermetallischen Verbindungen wurden gelöst und die Kristallstruktur des τ2 Phase wurde erneut untersucht. Während τ2 (Pa-3, a = 23,034 (3) Å) ein Approximant der ikosaedrischen quasikristallinen Phase q ist, erwies sich eine der neuen Phasen (τd, Imm2, a = 5,2546 (2), b = 40,240 (2), c = 25,669 (1) Å) als dekagonaler Approximant. Überraschenderweise wurde eine Phase (Fd-3m, a = 27,5937 (9) Å) gefunden, die isotyp zu der binären Phase β-Al3Mg2 ist, aber eine Zn-reiche Zusammensetzung hat. / The elements Al, Mg and Zn are major components for a large number of light and high strength alloys, such as the Al-based alloys of the 7xxx series. In addition, the Al-Mg-Zn system has attracted much interest because four complex metallic alloy phases, called τ1, τ2, Φ and q are formed as ternary intermetallic compounds. The current experimental phase diagrams of the Al-Mg-Zn system contain only provisional or no homogeneity ranges of the Φ phase, τ2 phase and the q phase due to insufficient experimental data. The aim of the work was to redetermine the homogeneity ranges of the q, τ2 and the Φ phases and to determine the crystal structure of the Φ phase for a reliable data set. Samples were prepared by furnace-controlled melting and annealing in Ta ampoules or by centrifugation from the self-flux and characterized by XRD, SEM, EDXS, WDXS and DSC. While reinvestigating the Al-Mg-Zn phase equilibria in the vicinity of the subsystem Mg-Zn close to τ1, a number of new ternary phases were discovered. Single phase material could be obtained for the known Φ and τ2 phases and for four new intermetallic compounds. The crystal structures for the Φ phase and two of the new intermetallic compounds were solved and the crystal structure of the τ2 phase was reinvestigated. While τ2 (Pa-3, a = 23.034(3) Å) is an approximant of the icosahedral quasicrystalline phase q, the Φ phase (Pbcm, a = 8.9374(2) Å, b = 16.812(3) Å, c = 19.586(4) Å) and one of the new phases (Imm2, a = 5.2546(2), b = 40.240(2), c = 25.669(1) Å) turned out to be decagonal approximants. Surprisingly, we have found one phase (Fd-3m, a = 27.5937 (9) Å) isotypic to the Samson’s phase β-Al3Mg2 at Zn rich composition.

La première mesure du spectre en phi*_eta du boson Z à 7 TeV a été réalisée dans cette thèse. Cette variable permet de sonder la dynamique de production des Z de façon fine. L’échantillon complet des données enregistrées par ATLAS en 2011 a été utilisé ce qui correspond à 4.7/fb de luminosité intégrée. Les résultats de cette mesure sont publiés dans la Ref. [18] fondé sur la note interne Ref. [69]. La section efficace différentielle de Z->ee en fonction phi*_eta a été mesurée et comparée aux calculs perturbatifs à ordre fixé, avec/sans resommation pour la région des petits phi*_eta. Le code RESBOS fournit la meilleure description des données, cependant il est incapable de reproduire, à mieux de 4%, la forme détaillée de la section efficace mesurée. La section efficace différentielle a également été comparée aux prédictions de différents générateurs Monte Carlo interfacés avec un algorithme de parton shower. Les meilleures descriptions du spectre en phi*_eta mesuré sont données par les générateurs SHERPA et POWHEG+PYTHIA8. La mesure précise de la section efficace différentielle en phi*_eta fournit des informations précieuses pour l’ajustement des codes Monte Carlo. La précision expérimentale typique de cette mesure (~0.5%) est dix fois meilleure que la précision des calculs théoriques et elle est donc aussi précieuse pour contraindre la théorie. La mesure du spectre en ptZ a également été faite pour quantifier l’incertitude systématique de cette mesure en utilisant la grande statistique de l’échantillon de données. Cela permet de comparer deux mesures qui traitent de l’impulsion transverse du boson Z. Dans la plupart du domaine en phi*_eta l’incertitude systématique de la mesure de ptZ est deux fois plus grande que celle de la mesure de phi*_eta. Cette comparaison confirme l’intérêt de la variable phi*_eta. Les résultats présentés dans cette thèse ont beaucoup d’implications pour les études futures. Ajustant les générateurs Monte Carlo en utilisant les résultats de la mesure précise du spectre en phi*_eta minimisera l’incertitude sur leurs paramètres. Une mesure de la section efficace doublement différentielle en ptZ et phi*_eta est intéressante pour mieux comprendre la corrélation entre ces deux variables. La mesure précise du spectre en ptZ utilisant la variable phi*_eta peut être appliquée au spectre en ptW et on sait que des mesures plus fines du ptW sont importante pour une détermination précise de la masse du boson W. De plus, une compréhension précise du spectre en ptZ est importante pour comprendre les propriétés cinématiques de la production du boson de Higgs. / The first measurement of the phi*_eta spectrum of Z bosons at 7 TeV of pp collisions has been studied in this thesis, which is an alternative way to probe the transverse momentum of Z bosons. The full data sample recorded by the ATLAS detector during 2011 run of the LHC was used, which corresponds with 4.7/fb integrated luminosity. The results of this measurement were reported in Ref. [18] supported by the internal note in Ref. [69]. The differential cross section of Z->ee as a function of phi*_eta has been measured and compared to fixed order perturbative QCD calculations with/without a resummation for the low phi*_eta region. Calculations using RESBOS provide the best descriptions of the data. However, they are unable to reproduce the detailed shape of the measured cross section to better than 4%. The differential cross section was also compared to predictions from different Monte Carlo generators interfaced to a parton shower algorithm. The best descriptions of the measured phi*_eta spectrum are provided by SHERPA and POWHEG+PYTHIA8 Monte Carlo event generators. The precise measurement of the differential cross section as a function of phi*_eta provides valuable information for the tuning of MC generators. The typical experimental precision of this measurement (~0.5%) is ten times better than the typical theoretical precision and therefore is valuable to constrain the theoretical predictions further. The ptZ measurement has been also studied to quantify the systematic uncertainty of this measurement using the high statistic data sample. This allows to compare two measurements which both address the physics issues of the Z transverse momentum. In most of the phi*_eta range, the systematic uncertainty of the ptZ measurement is two times larger than the one of the phi*_eta measurement. This comparison confirms the interest for the phi*_eta variable. The measurements presented in this thesis has many implications for future studies. Tuning MC generators using the result of the precise measurement of the phi*_eta spectrum will minimize the uncertainty on the tuned parameters. A double differential cross section measurement as a function of ptZ and phi*_eta is interesting to understand the correlation between ptZ and phi*_eta variables. The precise measurement of the ptZ spectrum using the new variable phi*_eta can be applied to ptZ. More precise measurement of ptZ are important to obtain precise measurements of the W mass. In addition, a precise understanding of the ptZ spectrum is important to understand kinematic properties of Higgs boson production.