O objeto principal da dissertação é a análise do regime jurídico da exclusão de sócios nas sociedades limitadas, nos termos do Código Civil de 2002 (Lei Federal n° 10.406/02). Parte-se de um exame do percurso histórico de afirmação do instituto, entrelaçado com uma visão panorâmica da disciplina atual da matéria em alguns dos ordenamentos que mais influenciaram o Direito brasileiro, com destaque para Alemanha, França e, sobretudo, Itália. Em relação à experiência brasileira anterior à promulgação do Código Civil de 2002, o estudo concentra-se em demonstrar o caráter eminentemente doutrinário e jurisprudencial da consolidação do instituto. De fato, sempre sob a vigência do Código Comercial de 1850, à margem de quaisquer mudanças legislativas de maior relevo, a possibilidade de exclusão de sócios foi primeiramente recusada, para paulatinamente ser aceita e, finalmente, ser aplicada com exagerada liberalidade. Conceitualmente, a exclusão é enquadrada como uma expressão da especialidade da sociedade, enquanto contrato plurilateral. A exclusão facultativa, em particular - em oposição à exclusão de pleno direito -, é vista como manifestação peculiar da resolução contratual por inadimplemento. O estudo compreende uma análise crítica das disposições do Código Civil de 2002 em matéria societária, além de uma investigação das causas e procedimentos de exclusão sob a vigência de tal diploma. As principais teses defendidas no trabalho são: (i) a diferença estrutural entre a exclusão facultativa, objeto tradicional de estudo da doutrina brasileira, e a exclusão de pleno direito - novidade introduzida no ordenamento brasileiro por inspiração direta da lei italiana -; (ii) deficiência e inadequação da teoria do rompimento da affectio societatis como justa causa para a exclusão; (iii) a duplicidade de procedimentos para a exclusão facultativa, relativamente à sociedade limitada, com o convívio dos procedimentos de exclusão judicial e extrajudicial; (iv) a impossibilidade de se equiparar a assembléia ou reunião de exclusão a julgamento, recusando-se a atribuição de um verdadeiro \"direito de defesa\" ao sócio que se deseja excluir. / The main purpose of the essay is to review the legal discipline of the exclusion of a partner from a limited liability company under the provisions of the Civil Code of 2002 (Federal Law n. 10406/02). The analysis starts with a review of the historical development of the right of exclusion, combined with an overview of the current legal treatment of the issue in a number of jurisdictions that exercised the most relevant influence on Brazilian Law; in particular Germany, France and - above all- Italy. On what regards Brazilian experience prior to the enactment of the Civil Code of 2002, the analysis focuses on illustrating how the development of the right exclusion was mostly based on academic studies and case law. As a matter of fact, under the provisions of the Commercial Code 1850, in spite of the lack of any relevant reforms on statutory legislation, the possibility of exclusion of partner was, at first, rejected and then, gradually accepted. At a later phase, exclusion was even applied without due control. Conceptually, the exclusion of a partner is classified as an expression of the special nature of the company as a plurilateral agreement. In particular, optional exclusion - unlike mandatory exclusion - is seen as a special form of contract termination due to material breach. The research comprehends a critical review of the provisions of the Civil Code of 2002 on corporate law, in addition to an analysis of relevant causes and procedures for the exclusion of a partner under said law. The main theses defended are the following: (i) existence of structural differences between optional exclusion - traditional object of study by Brazilian academics - and mandatory exclusion - a new procedure introduced as a result of the direct Italian influence on Brazilian law -, (ii) problems and inadequacy of the theory of rupture of affectio societatis as a cause for exclusion, (iii) existence of two parallel procedures for the optional exclusion of a partner within limited liability companies, one being through a court ruling and the other trough corporate a mere resolution; (iv) impossibility of treating the exclusion through corporate resolution as a form of judgment and, thus, the refusal of recognition of a \"right of defense\" in favor of the partner that is to be excluded.

Parcerias entre governo e organizações sociais tornaram-se uma importante ferramenta para a execução de políticas públicas. Com a interdependência dos atores, a relação entre público e privado é remodelada constantemente, o que faz emergir novas formas de ação social coordenada ou governança. A presente dissertação tem como objetivo propor ao Governo do Estado de Roraima a adoção de uma ferramenta semelhante à Rede Parceria Social (RPS), utilizada pelo Governo do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, com o intuito de indicar caminhos para a conquista de mais e melhores oportunidades e qualidade de vida, sobretudo mostrar que direta e indiretamente essa nova ferramenta de gestão de redes reflete no aumento do PIB, ou seja, no crescimento da economia e, consequentemente, no desenvolvimento econômico do Estado de Roraima. A revisão da literatura abordou o desenvolvimento econômico, em especial, o desenvolvimento local e seus desdobramentos, a gestão de redes, políticas públicas e o terceiro setor. Apresentou-se a RPS e seus impactos sobre a economia gaúcha, com base no estudo realizado pela Fundação de Economia e Estatística (FEE) do Rio Grande do Sul. Com fundamento no trabalho da FEE, constatou-se que a adoção de uma ferramenta de gestão semelhante à RPS é de grande valia para o alcance dos objetivos socioeconômicos propostos pelo Governo de qualquer estado, inclusive o Estado de Roraima, sendo o primeiro passo a criação de uma lei que institua um programa de apoio à inclusão e promoção social (no Rio Grande do Sul: Lei da Solidariedade – Lei nº 11.853/2002), uma lei de incentivo fiscal para empresas que desejam investir em projetos sociais. Nesse sentido, o Governo do Estado de Roraima precisa “abrir os olhos” para oportunidades como esta que, além de contribuírem para a justiça social e solidariedade, podem gerar impactos positivos na economia, ou seja, aumentar o Produto Interno Bruto (PIB), “primeiro passo” para a melhoria da qualidade de vida da sociedade. / Partnerships between government and social organizations have become an important tool for the implementation of public policies. With the interdependence of the actors, the relationship between public and private sectors is constantly remodeled, which brings out new forms of social action coordinated or governance. This dissertation aims to propose to the government of Roraima state to adopt a similar tool to the Social Partnership Network (SPN), used by the State Government of Rio Grande do Sul, in order to indicate ways to conquer more and better opportunities and quality of life, particularly directly and indirectly show that this new network management tool reflected in GDP growth, ie growth of the economy and consequently in the economic development of the State of Roraima. The literature review addressed the economic development, in particular, local development and its consequences, network management, public policy and the third sector. Presented to the SPN and its impact on the economy of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, based on a study by the Foundation of Economics and Statistics (FES) in Rio Grande do Sul. Based on the work of the FES, it was found that the adoption of a tool management similar to SPN is of great value to the achievement of socioeconomic goals proposed by the government of any state, including the state of Roraima, the first step being the creation of a law to implement a program to support and promote social inclusion (in Rio Grande do Sul: Solidarity Act - Law No. 11.853/2002), a law of tax incentives for companies that wish to invest in social projects. In this sense, the government of Roraima state needs to “open your eyes” for opportunities like this that, in addition to contributing to social justice and solidarity, can generate positive impacts on the economy, ie, increase the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), “first step” to improve the quality of life of society.

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2016-12-06T11:31:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Gilvanice Marques de Lima.pdf: 1041698 bytes, checksum: 6ee38bd5ef57acdf0e372e37c0f75adc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T11:31:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gilvanice Marques de Lima.pdf: 1041698 bytes, checksum: 6ee38bd5ef57acdf0e372e37c0f75adc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-02 / This thesis aimed to analyse the impacts of the rural internet center of Lagoa do Itaenga as a new public space of digital communication, in a partnership with public institutions, private institutions and nongovernmental organizations that aim to accelerate the process of communication in search of human development. This digital space has been designed, developed and implemented at a moment in which civil society lives a broad process of globalization supported by new forms to administrate the state, including the changes in public policies focused on the democratization of communication. Studying the importance of public policies seeking to analyse the role of the state and civil society organizations allowed to define specific goals: to examine the relationship between social capital and the Internet, in order to identify how far these mechanisms promote communication in the process of local development and to identify the uses and appropriations that users of the rural internet centers of ASSIM are developing when using cyberspace. On the methodological track we signal this thesis as a case study, in which the following instruments were used for data collection: interviews, questionnaires, direct observations, field diary, documental analysis and photography. The results of this research allow to say that the current public policies of digital inclusion are in part making possible for some rural communities to insert themselves in a new communication media, which is essential in this contemporary period, since the information and knowledge society has as main tool the use of Internet. The impacts after the use of the Internet have helped some groups to strengthen their social capital and reshape their political strategies regarding social participation. It is pertinent to punctuate that the diversity of partnerships in social programs is essential to obtain better results in public policies of digital inclusion and social development. / Esta dissertação teve como objetivo geral analisar os impactos do Telecentro Rural de Lagoa do Itaenga como novo espaço público de comunicação digital, numa parceria com instituições públicas, instituições privadas e organizações não-governamentais que visam agilizar o processo da comunicação em busca do desenvolvimento humano. Este espaço digital foi pensado, elaborado e executado num momento em que a sociedade civil vive um amplo processo da globalização apoiado pelas novas formas de administrar o Estado, entre elas às reformulações nas políticas públicas voltadas para a democratização da comunicação. Estudar a importância das políticas públicas procurando analisar o papel do Estado e da sociedade civil organizada permitiu definir objetivos específicos propostos: Analisar a relação entre o capital social e a Internet visando identificar em que medida esses mecanismos agilizam a comunicação no processo do desenvolvimento local e identificar quais os usos e apropriações que os usuários do telecentro rural da ASSIM estão desenvolvendo na utilização do ciberespaço. No caminho metodológico sinalizamos que se trata de um estudo de caso, no qual foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos de coleta de dados: entrevistas,questionários, observações diretas, diário de campo, análise documental e registro fotográfico. Os resultados desta pesquisa mostraram ser possível afirmar que as atuais políticas públicas de inclusão digital vêm oportunizando parcialmente algumas comunidades rurais a se inserirem em um novo meio de comunicação, cuja importância é essencial nesse período contemporâneo, uma vez que a sociedade da informação e do conhecimento tem como ferramenta principal o uso da Internet. Os impactos decorridos do uso da Internet têm favorecido alguns grupos fortalecerem o seu capital social, bem como reformular suas estratégias políticas no tocante a participação social. É pertinente pontuar que a diversidade de parcerias nos programas sociais é essencial para a obtenção de melhores resultados nas políticas públicas de inclusão digital e desenvolvimento social.

O escopo do presente trabalho consiste em examinar o controle pelos Tribunais de Contas sobre as parcerias celebradas entre o Estado e as entidades do terceiro setor envolvendo a gestão de recursos públicos. Procurou-se contextualizar o tema, abordando as novas facetas do Estado e a Administração Pública Consensual, bem como se apresentou noção de terceiro setor e suas atividades para fins de parceria. Abordou-se o fomento estatal, as espécies de transferências voluntárias de recursos públicos e os instrumentos de parceria, como convênios, contratos de repasse e de gestão e termos de parceria. Introduzindo-se a questão do controle pelos Tribunais de Contas das parcerias celebradas entre o Estado e o terceiro setor, foram examinados os seus fundamentos. Ainda, foram verificados os tipos de fiscalização, seus aspectos e as competências constitucionais do Tribunal de Contas da União aplicáveis sobre elas. Após, foram analisadas as iniciativas para o desencadeamento do controle e os momentos de incidência, examinando-se a legislação específica. O procedimento para a operacionalização do controle foi abordado sob a ótica do exercício das competências dos Tribunais de Contas sobre as citadas parcerias e organizações. Por fim, abordaram-se os efeitos diretos e indiretos das decisões dos referidos Tribunais sobre as entidades do terceiro setor e seus dirigentes, dentre elas as medidas cautelares e as sanções. / The scope of the present dissertation concerns scrutinizing the control by the Audit Courts of the partnerships involving the State and third sector organizations, including the management of public funds. This paper has aimed to contextualize the subject, observing the new features of the State and the Consensual Public Administration. It has also sought to present the notion of third sector and its possible role in partnership purposes. Besides, it has approached the government fomentation, the types of voluntary transferences of public resources and the partnership instruments such as agreements, transfer contracts, management contracts and partnership commitments. Regarding the control by the Audit Courts of partnerships involving the third sector, its fundaments have been investigated. Additionally, the variety of inspection possibilities was verified, as well as its aspects and the constitutional competencies of the Brazilian Court Audit. Then, the initiatives for unleashing the control and the moments of incidence were analyzed, being the specific legislation considered. The procedure to enable this control was approached from the standpoint of the Audit Courts competencies over the abovementioned partnerships and organizations. Eventually, the direct and indirect effects of the decisions of the referred Courts over the third sector organizations and their managers were analyzed by the author, including the provisional measures and the applicable punishment.

This research examined the role of facilitating agencies in promoting public-private partnerships (PPP). Bangladesh's solid waste management sector was taken as a case study. As is the case in many developing countries, municipalities in Bangladesh could not cope with rapid urbanization resulting in a large proportion of solid waste remaining uncollected. The private sector took the opportunity to fill this gap in service. They started providing house-to-house garbage collection and charging citizens for this service. Therefore, two streams of service providers-public and private-became active in the sector. In some cities the two streams remained separate without coordination. In other cities the two sectors formed partnership with support from facilitating agencies. This research investigated the roles played by the facilitating agencies. Three broad aspects were investigated: (1) necessity of facilitating agencies, (2) the role of a facilitating agency in sustainability of partnership, and (3) the role of a facilitating agency in effectiveness of partnership. Four cities were included in the study with varying degree of PPP and facilitation. Primary data were collected from public and private sector staff, elected representatives, and citizens through interview, questionnaire survey and observation. PPP is a promising mechanism for urban service delivery. This study on the role of facilitating agencies may illustrate how to achieve and sustain PPPs in developing countries.

Human society faces serious environmental and social threats as a result of systemic unsustainable actions and values. This is a time of cultural self-evaluation and profound change. This study examines how 13 social and environmental change-based organizations, through network partnerships and a robust organizational knowledge-base, are responding to these challenges. A systems perspective was used as a guide to promote a holistic understanding of the actors within the system, their perceptions of success, strategies, actions and tools used to guide them toward sustainability. The results indicate that organizations seeking to scale-up their impact toward sustainability might benefit from the following success factors: 1. Collaboration with diverse partners to contribute to more effective interventions in complex systems, 2. Integrating comprehensive definitions of sustainability with organizational vision to facilitate success, 3. The application of leverage points and transparent prioritization processes to asure congruence between organizational purpose and actions, 4. Practices of dialogue and deep listening build rewarding partnerships and, 5. Metrics that support partnerships and gauge progress toward sustainability. In conclusion network partnerships have the potential to generate widespread sustained change and can be supported by complex systems science and a Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development.

Abstract Over the past few years it has been discussed and written about in Finnish society how the foundation of Finland's future welfare and economic growth is based on an organisation's renewal and innovation capabilities. Decreasing the barriers of trade with its "China syndrome", international competition for taxes, growth and stabilisation treaties of the European Union, high-age structure, and so forth, create a national sense of necessity to excel in the field of international innovation development. Researching these demands have led to developing a "governance of organisational innovation capabilitis" based on existing theories and management doctrines, and empiria. The design embodies fields of know-how which can improve the organisation's innovation capabilities. These fields of knowledge consist of companionship and collaboration, knowledge of network skills, mastery of innovation acquiring processes and knowledge of using innovation stimuli. By cultivating these skills, the organisation will have an even better chance of achieving positive development in productivity and, under the circumstances, benefiting intangible capital. With the support of this design, the organisation will evolve and control its innovation capabilities according to the philosophy of continuous improvement. The governance consists of measuring methods and indicators developed in research and connected to existing management and reporting systems of the organisations. The organisation can also compare its own innovation capabilities in relation to other organisations for directing and building motivation configurations. The developed model was tested and evaluated in the Finnish infra-industry operational environment in six different ways. The model passed the tests, and by guesstimates can be applied in all organisations such as public utilities and business corporations. Equally, the model is suitable for different states of distribution channels. The model is being introduced extensively and is available for organisations on the internet. Most of the theoretical contribution was probably achieved through the functionality of the management system. Theoretical contribution also arose, because developing the intangible capital in organisations has been considered problematic, especially due to the lack of indicators and measuring methods. The model consists mainly of those indicators and methods created for this purpose. Also significant, on behalf of the theoretical contribution, was that by obtaining services, these organisations could develop their own innovation capabilities at the same time by combining challenging innovation combinations. Extensive material related to the acquisition affairs helps in any case to understand the relations between methods and outcome. The result of the study was able to reflect several links with the existing theory. One point of reflection was that with the help of the model, organisations could reduce the uncertainties detected in the organisational- and economic theories, which are connected to the selecting of partners and acquisition affairs. / Tiivistelmä Suomalaisessa yhteiskunnassa on viime vuosien aikana puhuttu ja kirjoitettu paljon siitä, että Suomen taloudellisen hyvinvoinnin ja talouskasvun perustana on tulevaisuudessa organisaatioiden uudistumis- ja innovaatiokyky. Kaupan esteiden vähentyminen "Kiina-ilmiöineen", kansainvälinen verokilpailu, EU:n kasvu- ja vakauttamissopimukset, korkea ikärakenne ja monet muut tekijät aiheuttavat kansallisen paineen olla kansainvälisen innovaatiokehityksen kärjessä. Kansainvälisessä kilpailussa korkean palkkatason kansantalous ja sen organisaatiot voivat menestyä markkinoilla vain innovoimalla - kehittämällä jatkuvasti entistä parempia tuotteita, menettelytapoja ja palvelua. Näistä tarpeista lähtien tutkimuksessa kehitettiin olemassa olevan teorian ja liikkeenjohdon oppien sekä empirian avulla "organisaation innovaatiokyvyn johtamismalli". Malli sisältää osaamisalueita, joihin panostamalla organisaatio voi parantaa innovaatiokykyään. Osaamisalueet ovat kumppanuus- ja sopimusyhteistyöosaaminen, verkostotaitojen osaaminen, innovatiivisen hankintaprosessin osaaminen ja innovaatiokannusteiden käytön osaaminen. Näitä kehittämällä organisaatiolla on entistä paremmat mahdollisuudet saavuttaa positiivista tuottavuuskehitystä ja hyötyä näin ollen aineettoman varallisuutensa kehittymisestä. Mallin avulla organisaatio pystyy kehittämään ja hallitsemaan innovaatiokykyään jatkuvan parantamisen filosofian mukaisesti. Johtamismalli sisältää mittausmenettelyt ja tutkimuksessa kehitetyt mittarit sekä näiden kytkennät organisaatioiden olemassa oleviin johtamisjärjestelmiin. Organisaatio voi myös verrata omaa innovaatiokykyään suhteessa muihin organisaatioihin ja hyödyntää tietoa oman organisaation johtamisessa ja motivaatioasetelmien rakentamisessa. Kehitettyä mallia testattiin ja arvioitiin suomalaisessa infra-alan toimintaympäristössä kuudella eri tavalla. Malli läpäisi suoritetut testit, ja arvioiden mukaan sitä voidaan hyödyntää kaikissa organisaatioissa niin julkisella alalla kuin yrityksissäkin. Yhtä lailla malli sopii käytettäväksi arvoketjun eri vaiheissa. Mallia ollaan ottamassa laajasti käyttöön ja kehitetty malli on organisaatioiden saatavilla Internetin kautta osoitteessa: http://www.innovaatiomittaus.fi. Teoreettista kontribuutiota saavutettiin ehkä eniten johtamismallin toimivuuden ansiosta. Teoreettista kontribuutiota syntyi myös siitä, että aineettoman varallisuuden kehittämistä organisaatioissa on pidetty ongelmallisena nimenomaan mittareiden ja mittausmenetelmien puuttumisen vuoksi. Malli sisältää monia tätä tarkoitusta palvelevia mittareita ja mittausmenetelmän. Merkittävää teoreettisen kontribuution osalta oli myös se, että organisaatiot hankkiessaan palveluita voivat samalla kehittää omaa innovaatiokykyään yhdistämällä hankintoihinsa haasteellisia innovaatioasetelmia. Laaja hankintatoimeen liittyvä aineisto auttaa muutenkin ymmärtämään keinon ja lopputuloksen suhteita. Tutkimuksen tuloksia pystyttiin reflektoimaan myös olemassa olevaan teoriaan usean kiinnekohdan kautta. Yhtenä reflektointikohtana oli se, että mallin avulla organisaatiot pystyvät vähentämään organisaatio- ja talousteorioissa havaittuja epävarmuuksia, jotka liittyvät kumppaneiden valintaan ja organisaation hankintatoimeen.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Studies by feminists frequently investigate reasons why poverty reduction strategies involving income and work generation projects for poor women fail to deliver on set economic and social goals to provide jobs, income, education and skills training. Several reviews over a number of decades indicate a prevalence of welfare-oriented interventions that apparently contradict the intended transformative potential of economic empowerment, gender equality goals and anticipated outcomes included during the design of national policies and programmes. Different theoretical frameworks have, over time, been called upon to account for and have attempted to explain these shifts, changes and contradictions. Studies of women and work in developing countries in the 1970s and 1980s were mostly led by economists who commented on the perceived failure of policies and projects, and continued to investigate the cause of this anomaly. Given that the majority of these experiments combined both social and economic goals these policy findings were later viewed with skepticism leading to further probes about recurring failures, and the lack of progress to improve the status of poor women. After decades of scientific research on gender inequality and a slow pace of change with regard to poor women’s economic status in developing countries, feminists revealed a disturbing finding: the lack of sound, ethical evaluation criteria and frameworks. This influenced a dramatic shift to alternative normative (value-based) approaches in which ethical and moral debates on development policy implementation flourished. Pointing to a general lack of empirical studies addressing policy implementation, arguments by these standpoint feminists proposed that policy and project implementation in different contexts lag far behind achievements in research and policy evidence. This assumption about the lack of integration of policy evidence with appropriate feminist theory, underpins my main motivation in this thesis. My intention is to apply a new feminist lens in order to examine the gendered nature of the historical period in which transitional policies in South Africa were implemented in the aftermath of authoritarian apartheid policies. The current thesis argues for adoption of the political ethics of care (PEOC) as an appropriate normative feminist policy research approach providing excellent criteria for exploring the gendered dimensions of new social policies and programmes implemented during the first policy cycle of reform towards democratising South African society (also referred to as the transition 1994-2001). At the time of its conception, my investigation proceeded with the realisation that iv many projects and programmes were evolving; and that contextual impact assessment criteria in the field of gender and development policy remained an emerging new research terrain lacking appropriate and critical gendered social indicators for monitoring, evaluation and theory building. Most of the newly formulated policies included results of previous research recording the historical role and socio-economic effects of apartheid policies. However, an urgent need existed for new critical gender perspectives to address important post-apartheid issues of vulnerable groups – such as women, youth, physically challenged and children – and arguing for their full citizenship, including economic citizenship and integration into job creation. The evolving policy relational structures that were embarked on during this reform, such as democratic state-civil society partnerships, new democratic decision-making, dialogical processes and policy service programmes, were in dire need of exploration and re-examination using alternative and new feminist theoretical lenses. This study explored the field of social policy implementation in the context of this transition period. It investigated the phenomenon of income generation projects (IGPs), being a development that was new to the South African professional social work disciplinary field. Used as a key macroeconomic policy mechanism, IGPs were embedded in policy relational structures (in the form of partnerships or consortiums) during the transition period. They formed a key part of policy interventions in social development as prescribed by the White Paper on Social Welfare (Department of Welfare, 1997b) having a dual purpose: to reduce poverty and unemployment, and to promote gender-sensitive strategies. The qualitative nature of the design used for this study is combined with a post-modernist and post-structuralist, gendered case study approach drawing on programme evaluation research techniques. Direct observation, documentary analysis, depth interviews and focus groups sessions formed part of a comprehensive data-gathering research strategy used in different micro-project and community settings in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Three broad research questions were pursued throughout this enquiry, addressing the following: the extent to which income generation projects as proposed within the National Developmental Policy Framework were addressing poverty and gender inequality in a satisfactory way; what appropriate normative frameworks and concepts to study these existed; and whether the PEOC could serve as an alternative framework; and how a user perspective could be incorporated in public debates and policy-making. v A sample of four partnership project cases, targeting poor black women (and men) from three different community settings – being semi-rural, peri-urban and urban – as primary beneficiaries met the selection criteria for this longitudinal, in-depth study that drew on purposive and theoretical sampling approaches. All the projects or programmes included in the sample were engaged in job creation and social development work involving multiple stakeholders and partners. A significant part of the study focussed on the formation of partner relationships or consortiums between government, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), together with grassroots community-based self-help project participants (beneficiary) groups and individuals. Information and data collected were audio-taped, transcribed and analysed to assess the impact and social effects of newly implemented policy structures and processes on subjects. Alternative feminist theoretical and analytical approaches, being a care perspective that combined critical gender assessment methodologies and feminist ethics (political ethic of care) were applied to argue for more critical and appropriate, gendered research studies that could capture the important link between macroeconomic policies and evidence of unpaid care work embedded and performed within the development sector. By foregrounding the invisible unpaid care work performed by low intensity citizens in this sector, the state’s role and interaction as a development partner with NGOs and poor citizens in the implementation of social development policies that involved job creation and IGPs became apparent. This thesis concludes by reiterating feminist proposals for a more inclusive notion of citizenship and calling for on-going studies to monitor perspectives on gender equality and work creation. More importantly, it suggests that PEOC could serve as an important research and analytical framework to document and integrate the right and access, by both men and women, to care, a critically important gender equality principle so often neglected in existing studies and scholarship.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This dissertation focuses on strategic partnership initiatives or ‘inclusive business model’ arrangements initiated between land restitution beneficiaries and private sector interests. It explores to what extent the introduction of strategic partnerships since 2005 reflects a dominant underlying land reform policy narrative premised on the superiority of large-scale commercial farming that contradicts other policy statements emphasizing support for small-scale farming. The effects of a hegemonic notion of “viability” – framed in terms of the large-scale commercial farm model - on partnership initiatives in the large Moletele claim in the Hoedspruit area of Limpopo Province is the primary concern of the study. I adopt a political economy perspective to examine both processes and the range of outcomes of the commercial partnerships established on Moletele land. Informed by this perspective, I explore the strategies pursued by, and the alliances formed between differently positioned actors that are engaged in contestations and negotiations over access to resources within these partnerships, which I conceptualize as “arenas of struggle”. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected and analysed (mixed method approach), by means of a small sample of claimant households and in relation to joint ventures established between claimants and different private sector partners

The University of Arizona Library, in collaboration with the campus commercialization unit, created a partnership that contributes to the early development of inventions in the commercialization pipeline. The library-commercialization business intelligence workgroup was incorporated into the overall campus commercialization business-development workflow in 2014 and is comprised of librarians and commercialization professionals working together to provide insight and decision support for development of commercialization strategies for inventions emerging from university research that aligns with market drivers. These efforts are recognized by university leadership as critical to the strategic plan of the university. This article discusses the impact of the workgroup and how the group of librarians contributed to the development of new companies, new licenses, and financial impact of economic development at a large land-grant university and larger community.