Thesis (Ph. D.)--Harvard University, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [396]-439) and abstract.

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The objective of this study is to analyse the contemporary political role of Christianity in the Middle East. This will be achieved by focusing on the office of the patriarch. In most of the Eastern Christian churches, the patriarch is widely accepted as the spiritual head of the community and, throughout the centuries, this authority has often been translated into temporal power. Although other communal actors have challenged the dominant position of the patriarch, this dual role as spiritual and civil leader provides resources which can be used to strengthen the claim to be the political representative at the expense of lay rivals. The case studies selected for this project - the Coptic Orthodox and the Maronite churches - share several key characteristics. Firstly, both evoke a distinct identity on the basis of faith yet are directly linked to a specific homeland - Egypt and Lebanon respectively. In contrast to spiritual leaders of communities which are not concentrated in one particular country, the Coptic Orthodox and Maronite patriarchs have the potential to become involved in national affairs if desired. Secondly, both communities have pressing if different concerns as indigenous Christians in a turbulent regional environment dominated by another religion - Islam. The vast majority of these relate to the position of the community in the homeland. Thirdly, both communities have recently experienced widespread expansion outside the traditional territory in the Middle East. This allows an examination of the impact this growth has had on both the church and community at home and abroad. Fourthly, since becoming the head of each church, Patriarch Shenouda III, Coptic Orthodox Patriarch of Alexandria and all Africa and Patriarch Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir, Patriarch of Antioch and all the East of the Maronites, have proven to be charismatic and influential figures in church and national affairs. They have clearly played significant parts in relations between the community and state in the decades since their election to office. Finally, the two case studies have been selected as they best represent the potential of Christian communities to have a political role in this region. While the Copts constitute only a small proportion (5-10% depending on the identity of the source) of the Egyptian population, they are still the largest Christian community in the Middle East, numbering around 5-6 million. In contrast, the Maronites are a small community in terms of size. It is estimated that there are no more than 600,000 Maronites in Lebanon. Yet within Lebanon, they still make up over 20% of the population, offering them a chance to have a significant impact on national affairs. This study proposes that the patriarch exercises a political role because of his position as the head of the community. The authority and tradition of the office is constantly invoked to reinforce this position. In the contemporary period, this can be attributed to the desire to fill the leadership vacuum which exists amongst Christians in the Middle East.

Thesis (Th. M.)--Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-117).

Thesis (Th. M.)--Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-117).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:46:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AluiziaNF.pdf: 469500 bytes, checksum: 03ecf55e33badc86640158126f776612 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-30 / This work has as objective to reflect about the insertion of the women in the City Council of Natal in the period from 1988 to 2004. We focused our discussion in the context of the politics of quota that has with objective to decrease the frame of inequalities existent between women and men in the politics, besides of to analyze which the determinants responsible for the women's sub-representation. The research still consists of an analysis of the councilor s women profile and how they were seen in that space of power. We analyzed our study object in a gender vision, since this is related intrinsically the social relationships and the relationships of power. The women, for a long time, they were excluded of the participation in the public life, being just seen as mere expectants. This research is informed mainly by studies which discuss the Gender (Scott, 1990), (Perrot, 1988), (Badinter, 1995), (Bruschini, 2002). We also analyzed the power, politics in the vision of Marx (1996), Foucault (1982) and (Arendt, 2001). We tried to analyze the women's presence in the spaces public and private, showing your conflicts and contradictions faced in the society, focalizing the political character of the women's inclusion in the spaces in that are inserted. The instrument of collection of data was the semi-structured questionnaire, descriptive and analytical - critical. The analyses of the interviews show to the sub-representation of women over the years as a determining factor for these women continue in the invisibility. The women were interviewed councillora ex- bounded from 1988 to 2004. The conclusion the one that we arrived is that this sub-representation has as decisive the patriarchal system that prevailed for a long time in our society and still dominates and affects women in all areas of your life. This becomes more serious in the capitalist society in which prevail the interests of those that it stops the produced wealth / Este trabalho tem como objetivo refletir sobre a inser??o das mulheres na C?mara Municipal de Natal no per?odo de 1988 a 2004. Focalizamos nossa discuss?o no contexto da pol?tica de cotas que tem como objetivo diminuir o quadro de desigualdades existentes entre mulheres e homens na pol?tica, al?m de analisar quais os determinantes respons?veis pela sub-representa??o das mulheres. A pesquisa consta ainda de uma an?lise do perfil das mulheres vereadoras e como elas eram vistas nesse espa?o de poder. Analisamos o nosso objeto de estudo numa vis?o de g?nero, j? que este est? intrinsecamente relacionado as rela??es sociais e as rela??es de poder. As mulheres, durante muito tempo, estiveram exclu?das da participa??o na vida p?blica, sendo vistas apenas como meras expectadoras. Esta pesquisa esta baseada em autores que discutem a quest?o de g?nero, como (Scott,1990), (Perrot,1988), (Badinter,1985 (Bruschini, 2002) entre outros. Analisamos tamb?m o poder, e a pol?tica na vis?o de ( Marx, 1996), (Foucault,1982) e (Arendt, 2001) e outros. Tentamos analisar tamb?m a presen?a das mulheres nos espa?os p?blico e privado, mostrando os seus conflitos e contradi??es enfrentados na sociedade, focalizando o car?ter pol?tico da inclus?o das mulheres nos espa?os em que est?o inseridas. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi o question?rio semi-estruturado, descritivo e anal?tico - critico. As an?lises das entrevistas por sua vez, apontam para a sub-representa??o das mulheres ao longo dos anos como fator determinante para que essas mulheres continuem na invisibilidade. As mulheres entrevistadas foram ex-vereadoras no per?odo delimitado de 1988 a 2004. A conclus?o a que chegamos ? que esta sub-representa??o tem como determinante o sistema patriarcal que predominou durante muito tempo em nossa sociedade e ainda predomina e atinge as mulheres em todos os ?mbitos de sua vida. Isto se torna mais grave na sociedade capitalista na qual predomina os interesses daqueles que det?m a riqueza produzida

152f. / Submitted by Hozana Azevedo (hazevedo@ufba.br) on 2013-05-09T13:42:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Microsoft Word - dissertação final Silmaria 28 02 08 copia p.pdf: 3359961 bytes, checksum: 72cd5530f8e594c46af76f1a6f71a49a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Oliveira Santos Dilzaná(dilznana@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-05-09T16:30:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Microsoft Word - dissertação final Silmaria 28 02 08 copia p.pdf: 3359961 bytes, checksum: 72cd5530f8e594c46af76f1a6f71a49a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-09T16:30:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Microsoft Word - dissertação final Silmaria 28 02 08 copia p.pdf: 3359961 bytes, checksum: 72cd5530f8e594c46af76f1a6f71a49a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / O estudo intitulado No lar e no balcão. As mulheres na praça comercial de Salvador (1850- 1888), aborda a atuação de mulheres residentes em Salvador na segunda metade do século XIX, que atuaram no segmento do comércio e serviços. A pesquisa objetivou traçar o perfil dessas mulheres, enfocando as relações de gênero numa sociedade patriarcal, as limitações impostas pelos códigos jurídico e moral, a fim de demonstrar a contribuição das mulheres pesquisadas para a economia, tendo como panorama as relações comerciais da província da Bahia e sua importância no cenário nacional. As fontes utilizadas demonstraram a força dos pequenos negócios e a sua importância para a economia baiana, espaço de atuação das mulheres estudadas e que, romperam por vocação ou necessidade, com o quadro de submissão vigente, por intermédio do exercício cotidiano de sua autonomia, através da prática da arte de negociar,da busca do lucro e do enriquecimento. / Salvador

This study deals with the construction of gender produced by women working as prostitutes in bars in the city of Santa Maria. Based on participant observation and application of semi-structured interviews obtained data that will allow to characterize these women as well as information about more subjective aspects of their lives. I established dialogue between the reality of prostitution with some feminist theories, making use also of other universes reflections on prostitution in order to consider the peculiarities inherent to the specific universe of this research. / Este estudo versa sobre as construções de gênero elaboradas por mulheres que exercem a prostituição em bares do município de Santa Maria. A partir das técnicas de observação participante e da aplicação de entrevistas semi-estruturadas obtive dados objetivos que permitiram caracterizar essas mulheres, bem como informações sobre aspectos mais subjetivos de suas vidas. Estabeleci diálogo entre a realidade da prostituição com algumas teorias feministas, fazendo uso, ainda, de reflexões sobre outros universos de prostituição a fim de considerar as peculiaridades inerentes ao universo específico dessa pesquisa.

Submitted by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2016-01-14T16:01:54Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marli José Tavares Netto - 2015.pdf: 3120599 bytes, checksum: 7d7fe16227a073d0e00396e08a4805ba (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-01-15T09:52:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marli José Tavares Netto - 2015.pdf: 3120599 bytes, checksum: 7d7fe16227a073d0e00396e08a4805ba (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-15T09:52:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marli José Tavares Netto - 2015.pdf: 3120599 bytes, checksum: 7d7fe16227a073d0e00396e08a4805ba (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-03 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / The studies about gender have been developed since 1960, through the feminist movement that aroused the interest of various sciences, among them, Geography, that study the space produced by society. Getting the subjects, too. In a specific, case the women, as a social subject, worker, teacher, disruptive. From this perspective, the objective of this research was to understand and recognize the role of women working for the presentation Suits of Congo (Ternos de Congo) in Festivity in Honor of Our Lady of the Rosary (Nossa Senhora do Rosário), performed in Catalão (GO). Thus, this study, the study guided by the precepts of qualitative research, following, simultaneously, the steps of theoretical research and practice research. In the practice research were utilized the practice diary techniques, interviews and photographic registers. Then, made the organization, systematization and analysis of materials collected for obtaining and presentation the results. The Festivity in Honor of Our Lady of the Rosary is a popular festival that brings in its three-dimensional context: religious; commercial and cultural, in all dimensions female labor is essential and it is concentrated in the event behind the scenes, and thus, lower visibility. The theoretical research combined with practice research found that this invisibility is a part of the historical construction of the division of roles for men and women. That over time associated women to the private space, and men to the public space, a coercion of the patriarchal model. That it is still present in society, and most notorious through the sexual division of labor. The approach of the female labor reality in Festival allowed understanding the essence of it. Visualizing the movement of society and noting that there are constraints. Facing the patriarchal model is not only in the break, but also in the redefinition of roles in which men and women assume positions contrary to what was promoted by the patriarchy. However, women assume new functions without break away from housework. Associated with the less visible space, domestic work imprisons women to social invisibility. Which is not consistent with reality, because through Rosario Festival was established that the women are social promoters, they are everywhere, and they act concurrently in the private and public space. / Os estudos acerca de gênero vêm sendo desenvolvido a partir de 1960 através do movimento feminista que despertou o interesse de várias ciências, dentre elas, a Geografia, que por estudar o espaço produzido pela sociedade, alcança também seus sujeitos, no caso específico, as mulheres, enquanto sujeito social, trabalhadora, educadora, contestadora. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo dessa pesquisa foi de compreender e reconhecer o papel das mulheres que trabalham para a apresentação dos ternos de Congo na Festa em Louvor a Nossa Senhora do Rosário, realizada em Catalão (GO). Para tanto, o estudo guiou-se pelos pressupostos da pesquisa qualitativa, seguindo, simultaneamente, as etapas de pesquisa teórica e pesquisa de campo. Na pesquisa de campo foram utilizadas as técnicas de diário de campo; entrevistas e registros fotográficos. Em seguida, fez-se a organização, sistematização e análise dos materiais coletados para obtenção e apresentação dos resultados. A Festa em Louvor a Nossa Senhora do Rosário é uma festa popular que agrega em seu contexto três dimensões: religiosa; comercial e cultural, em todas as dimensões o trabalho feminino é essencial e está concentrado nos bastidores do evento, tendo assim, menor visibilidade. A investigação teórica aliada à pesquisa de campo constatou que essa invisibilidade faz parte da construção histórica da divisão de papéis para homens e mulheres, que ao longo do tempo associou as mulheres ao espaço privado, e os homens ao espaço público, uma coerção do modelo patriarcal, que ainda hoje está presente na sociedade, sendo mais notório através da divisão sexual do trabalho. A aproximação da realidade do trabalho feminino na Festa, permitiu compreender a essência da mesma, visualizando o movimento da sociedade e constatando que as coerções existem, bem como as resistências que estão em várias ações. O enfrentamento ao modelo patriarcal não está apenas na ruptura, mas também na ressignificação de papéis, no qual homens e mulheres assumem funções contrárias ao que foi promovido pelo patriarcado. Porém, as mulheres assumem novas funções sem se desvencilhar do trabalho doméstico. Associado ao espaço menos visível, o trabalho doméstico aprisiona as mulheres a uma invisibilidade social, o que não condiz com a realidade, pois através da Festa do Rosário foi possível constatar que as mulheres são promotoras sociais, elas estão por toda parte, e agem concomitantemente no espaço privado e no espaço público.

The diploma thesis Comparison of methods of gender socialization in the Sluníčko magazine in 1977 and 2012, focuses on the topic of gender in printed magazine for the youngest children. Specifically, it examines and compares the methods for portraying female and male characters in the text and illustrations in the Sluníčko magazine in 1977 and 2012. It analyzes the ways gender is viewed and considers its impact on gender socialization of children. The research consists of a quantitative part, which aims to evaluate the frequency of the representation and of qualitative part, which aims at content analysis and interpretation of the meanings hidden in the text and illustrations. For the analysing texts and illustrations were selected of two areas, family relationships in the private sector and relationships at work in the public sphere. At the theoretical level were used sociology, psychology, feminist theory and gender studies theories. The way-out of this research is the assumption that aesthetic and educational ambitions of Sluníčko magazine combined with aging readership of this magazine is a important element of gender socialization of children and, therefore, the aim is to find out whether the gender socialization is implemented in a gender-sensitive way.