Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2018-04-17T18:05:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ISMAEL FRANCO DE SOUZA.pdf: 2427414 bytes, checksum: c7fe812aa7d091c0b0861147a3b9dd7a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-17T18:05:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ISMAEL FRANCO DE SOUZA.pdf: 2427414 bytes, checksum: c7fe812aa7d091c0b0861147a3b9dd7a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-06 / Population aging is a worldwide phenomenon. This demographic growth needs to be accompanied by a better quality of life (QoL) and functional capacity. In this context, the practice of physical activity has been encouraged, especially those performed in groups. However, several factors may influence the functional capacity and QOL of the elderly.The objective was to analyze the influence of sociodemographic profile and training frequency on the functional capacity and QoL of elderly participants of public physical exercise programs. This is a cross-sectional and analytical study with a quantitative approach. The sample consisted of 108 elderly participants of public physical exercise programs in the city of Goiânia, GO, Brazil. An initial evaluation form was used as instruments, the Mental State Mini-Exam (MMSE), the World Health Organization Quality of Life - Bref (WHOQOL-BREF), the World Health Organization Quality of Life - Older (WHOQOL-OLD), the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, (IPAQ), Barthel Index (IB), Lawton Index (IL), the Hand Grip Strength (HSG), Functional Reach Test (FRT), Timed Up and Go (TUG) and the 30 second chair stand (30-s CST). The results showed that there was worse perception of QoL in the elderly with lower income and schooling, who live without a partner and older age. The male had a better score in the psychological domain (p = 0.01), while the women had a better score in the sensorial functioning (p = 0.02). In relation to functional capacity, the elderly with lower income and schooling, who live without a partner with more advanced age and who participate in public physical exercise programs up to 3x per week presented worse functional performance (p <0.05). Elderly people participating in the programs in regions with lower Municipal Human Development Index (HDI) presented worse functional capacity and QoL. It was concluded that the sociodemographic variables influence the QoL and the functional capacity of the elderly. The training frequency presented associations only with the functional capacity. Knowledge about these factors may provide support for more effective intervention strategies, and these should be planned with the focus on the most vulnerable elderly. / O envelhecimento populacional é um fenômeno mundial. Esse crescimento demográfico precisa ser acompanhado de uma melhor qualidade de vida (QV) e capacidade funcional. Neste contexto, a prática de atividade física tem sido incentivada, principalmente as realizadas em grupos. Entretanto, diversos fatores podem influenciar a capacidade funcional e a QV dos idosos O objetivo foi analisar a influência do perfil sociodemográfico e da frequência de treino na capacidade funcional e QV de idosos participantes de programas públicos de exercícios físicos. Trata-se de um estudo transversal e analítico, com uma abordagem quantitativa. A amostra foi composta por 108 idosos participantes de programas públicos de exercícios físicos no município de Goiânia, GO, Brasil. Foram utilizados como instrumentos uma Ficha de avaliação inicial, o Mini Exame de Estado Mental, a versão curta do International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), World Health Organization Quality of Life – Bref (WHOQOL-BREF), World Health Organization Quality of Life - Old (WHOQOL-OLD), Índice de Barthel (IB), Índice de Lawton (IL), força de preensão manual (FPM), teste de alcance funcional (TAF), Timed Up and Go (TUG) e o teste de levantar e sentar (TLS). Os resultados mostraram que houve pior percepção da QV nos idosos com menor renda e escolaridade, que vivem sem companheiro e idade mais avançada. O sexo masculino apresentou melhor escore no domínio psicológico (p = 0,01), enquanto as mulheres tiveram melhor escore na faceta funcionamento do sensório (p = 0,02). Em relação a capacidade funcional, os idosos com menor renda e escolaridade, que vivem sem companheiro com idade mais avançada e que participam dos programas públicos de exercícios físicos até 3x por semana apresentaram pior desempenho funcional (p < 0,05). Idosos que participam dos programas em regiões com menor Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDHM) apresentaram pior capacidade funcional e QV. Conclui-se que as variáveis sociodemográficas influenciam a QV e a capacidade funcional dos idosos. A frequência de treino apresentou associações apenas com a capacidade funcional. O conhecimento acerca desses fatores pode fornecer subsídios para elaboração de estratégias mais eficientes de intervenção, e que estas sejam planejadas tendo como foco os idosos mais vulneráveis.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T14:17:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Josineia Coradini.pdf: 1285807 bytes, checksum: bfae8484a476d39e0d4df7db2833f2c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-10 / Currently, obesity is considered a common nutritional disorder. It's one of the most relevant public health problems in modern society and a possible risk factor for carpal tunnel syndrome, the pathology that is most closely related to compression of the median nerve. This experimental study with a quantitative and qualitative approach aimed to evaluate the influence of the exercise of swimming on peripheral nerve regeneration in control and obese rates submitted to compressive lesion of the median nerve. Wistar neonates rats along their first 5 days of life received MSG subcutaneous injections (4g/Kg from their body weight at the day). The control group received hyperosmotic saline solution. 48 Wistar rats were used, divided into 6 groups: G1 (control), G2 (control with lesion), G3 (control with lesion + swimming), G4 (obese), G5 (obese with lesion) and G6 (obese with lesion + swimming). The nerve compression was induced through a surgical procedure. The treatment with swimming started on the 3rd day after surgery, and was applied 5 times per week with progressive durations. Before the lesion, the animals were submitted to nociceptive and strength assessments. These tests were repeated on the 3rd postoperative day and also during treatment on the 7th, 14th and 21st day. At the end of treatment, the animals were anesthetized and the median nerve was removed, processed for embedment in paraffin and prepared for protein analysis of BDNF and GAP-43. The data revealed that the pain threshold in the medial region, near the nerve compression, was lower in the second and third assessment when compared to the other assessments, and that groups G5 and G6 were the ones that showed lower nociceptive thresholds in the assessments. In the analysis of grip strength at the first evaluation, all groups are equal, but in the other reviews the G1 and G4 show themselves significantly different from the others. The G1 and G4 groups present organized structures, with myelin sheaths marked by osmium tetroxide. The other groups have a large tissue disorganization, with considerable loss of myelin sheath, however, it was possible verify recovery areas of the nerve fiber, by the the myelin sheath formation in groups G3 and G6. BDNF protein expression is higher in groups G3 and G6 when compared to G1 and G4 groups. The GAP-43 protein was only higher in G3 when compared to G1 and G4 groups. The exercise of swimming was able to enabling the axon regeneration process both in control rats and in obese ones, without difference between these groups, but It was not effective in improving the functionality of the affected limb as well as in the increase of the proteins studied / Atualmente a obesidade é considerada uma desordem nutricional comum, sendo um dos mais relevantes problemas de saúde pública na sociedade moderna e um possível fator de risco para síndrome do túnel do carpo, a qual é a patologia mais relacionada à compressão do nervo mediano. Esta pesquisa é de caráter experimental com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa tendo como objetivo avaliar a influência do exercício de natação como terapia na regeneração nervosa periférica de ratos controles e obesos, submetidos à lesão compressiva do nervo mediano. Ratos Wistar neonatos durante os primeiros cinco dias de vida receberam injeções subcutâneas de MSG.(4g/kg de peso corporal ao dia). O grupo controle recebeu solução salina hiperosmótica. Foram utilizados 48 ratos machos da linhagem Wistar, divididos em 6 grupos: G1 (controle), G2 (controle com lesão), G3 (controle com lesão + natação), G4 (obesos), G5 (obesos com lesão), G6 (obesos com lesão + natação). A compressão nervosa foi realizada por meio de procedimento cirúrgico. O tratamento com natação iniciou no 3º dia de pós- operatório, sendo realizado 5 vezes por semana com duração progressiva. Anteriormente à lesão, os animais foram submetidos a uma avaliação nociceptiva e de força, que se repetiu no 3º dia de pós-operatório e também durante o tratamento no 7º, 14º e 21º dia. Ao fim do tratamento, com os animais anestesiados, o nervo mediano foi retirado e processado para emblocamento em parafina e preparado para análise proteica do BDNF e GAP-43. O limiar de dor na região medial, próximo a compressão nervosa, foi menor na segunda e na terceira avaliação quando comparadas as demais avaliações, e os grupos G5 e G6 apresentaram menor limiar nociceptivo nas avaliações. Na análise da força de preensão no momento da primeira avaliação todos os grupos foram iguais entre si, porém nas outras avaliações os grupos G1 e G4 mostraram-se significativamente diferentes dos demais. Os grupos G1 e G4 apresentaram as estruturas de forma organizada, com bainhas de mielinas marcadas pelo tetroxido de ósmio. Já os demais grupos apresentaram uma grande desorganização tecidual, com diminuição considerável da bainha de mielina, entretanto, foi possível verificar áreas de recuperação da fibra nervosa, pela formação da bainha de mielina nos grupos G3 e G6. A expressão proteica de BDNF foi maior nos grupos G3 e G6 quando comparado aos grupos G1 e G4. A proteína GAP-43 somente foi maior no grupo G3 quando comparado aos grupos G1 e G4. O exercício de natação foi capaz que potencializar o processo de regeneração axonal tanto em ratos controle quanto em ratos obesos, não ocorrendo distinção entre estes grupos, porém não foi eficaz na melhora da funcionalidade do membro acometido como também no aumento das proteínas estudadas

INTRODUÇÃO: Sepse é a resposta inflamatória sistêmica secundária a um processo infeccioso de alta incidência e elevada mortalidade. A miopatia esquelética, causada pela sepse, gera atrofia muscular e fraqueza generalizada que estão relacionadas a disfunção mitocondrial, produção exacerbada de espécies reativas de oxigênio e aumento da degradação proteica. Exercício físico regular, especialmente de predominância aeróbica, tem mostrado efeito protetor ao músculo esquelético contra uma variedade de estressores e em várias patologias. A hipotése testada neste estudo foi de que o treinamento físico, prévio à indução da sepse, melhora o metabolismo aeróbico e o sistema antioxidante, reduz o estresse oxidativo, diminui a degradação proteica, minimizando a fraqueza e a perda de massa muscular e, por conseguinte, atenuando a miopatia esquelética na sepse. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos do treinamento físico aeróbico sobre a miopatia esquelética em modelo experimental de sepse induzida através da técnica de ligação e punção cecal (CLP). MÉTODOS: Ratos machos Wistar, inicialmente distribuídos em dois grupos: Não-Treinado e Treinado. O grupo Treinado foi submetido a protocolo de treinamento físico (TF), de predominância aeróbica, com duração de oito semanas, em esteira rolante (60 minutos, 5 dias por semana, a 60% da velocidade máxima encontrada em teste de esforço máximo). Ao final do protocolo de TF o grupo Não-Treinado foi dividido em grupo Sham (falsa cirurgia) e CLP (indução da sepse por ligação e punção cecal); e o grupo Treinado da mesma maneira: ShamT e CLPT, totalizando quatro grupos experimentais. Os quatro grupos foram submetidos aos procedimentos cirúrgicos e após dois dias sacrificados sendo coletado sangue e retirados os músculos: tibial anterior, sóleo, plantar e diafragma para as análises morfológicas, metabólicas, estresse oxidativo, sistema antioxidante e de degradação proteica. RESULTADOS: Os animais não treinados induzidos a sepse através da CLP apresentaram alterações na musculatura esquelética, na maioria das variáveis relacionadas a miopatia esquelética. O TF prévio a indução de sepse propiciou a manutenção da força muscular, da massa muscular e da área de secção transversa das fibras musculares; a atividade das enzimas metabólicas aeróbicas também foram mantidas, e no sóleo, houve uma tendência forte a aumento nas enzimas do ciclo de Krebs. A atividade da enzima creatinaquinase foi mantida nos músculos diafragma e sóleo e diminuiu no plantar. O TF foi eficiente para evitar o estresse oxidativo em lipídios e proteínas nos três músculos estudados, porém houve aumento da atividade enzimática da superóxido dismutase somente no músculo sóleo. O TF foi capaz de manter a atividade do 26S-proteassoma e diminuir a expressão gênica de Atrogin-1 no sóleo, porém não proporcionou diferenças significativas na expressão gênica de MuRF-1 nos três músculos estudados. CONCLUSÃO: Treinamento físico prévio a CLP atenuou os efeitos deletérios da sepse sobre a musculatura esquelética nesse modelo experimental / INTRODUCTION: Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response secondary to an infectious process of high incidence and mortality. Skeletal myopathy caused by sepsis generates muscular atrophy and generalized weakness that are related to mitochondrial dysfunction, exacerbated production of reactive oxygen species and increase in protein degradation. Regular physical exercise, especially the predominantly aerobic type, has shown a protective effect on skeletal muscle against a variety of stressors and in various pathologies. The hypothesis tested in this study was that physical training before the induction of sepsis, would improve aerobic metabolism and the antioxidant system, reduce oxidative stress, diminish protein degradation, thereby minimizing weakness and loss of muscle mass, consequently attenuating skeletal myopathy in sepsis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of aerobic exercise training on skeletal myopathy in an experimental model of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP). METHODS: Male Wistar rats, were initially divided into 2 groups: Trained and Untrained. The Trained group was submitted to an aerobic exercise training protocol (ETP), on a treadmill, lasting eight weeks (60 minutes, 5 days a week, 60% of the maximum running speed obtained in the graded treadmill test). At the end of the ETP the Untrained group was divided into Sham group (sham surgery) and CLP (sepsis induced by cecal ligation and perforation) and the Trained group was subjected in the same way to: ShamT and CLPT, resulting in four experimental groups. The four groups were submitted to surgical procedures and two days after surgery, the animals were euthanized. Blood was collected and anterior tibialis, soleus, diaphragm and plantaris muscles were harvested for the morphological, metabolic, oxidative stress, antioxidant system and protein degradation analysis. RESULTS: In the untrained animals, sepsis induced by CLP showed alterations in skeletal muscle variables related to skeletal myopathy. The ETP before induction of sepsis led to the maintenance of muscle strength, muscle mass and cross-sectional area of muscle fiber. Activity of aerobic metabolic enzymes was also retained, and in the soleus there was a strong tendency towards increase in enzymes of Krebs cycle. Creatine kinase enzyme activity in the diaphragm and soleus muscles was maintained, and was decreased in the plantaris muscle. ETP was effective in preventing oxidative stress in lipids and proteins in the three muscles studied, however there was increase in superoxide dismutase activity only in the soleus muscle. ETP was capable of maintaining 26Sproteasome activity and decreasing Atrogin-1 gene expression in the soleus muscle, however, revealed no significant differences in MuRF-1 gene expression in the three muscle studied. CONCLUSION: Physical training before CLP attenuated the deleterious effects of sepsis on skeletal muscle in this experimental model

Hipotensão pós-exercício é o fenômeno de redução da pressão arterial sistêmica por minutos ou horas após a realização de atividade física, sendo considerado uma resposta fisiológica para o controle pressórico. Fatores como nível pressórico, aptidão física e tipo de exercício físico, contribuem para potencializar a resposta hipotensora pós-exercício, contudo, apesar de ser conhecido que a pressão arterial não possui valor constante ao longo das 24 horas, ainda não foi investigado se existe diferença na resposta hipotensora quando o exercício físico é realizado em diferentes horários do dia. À vista disso, 16 mulheres foram divididas em dois grupos; Adultos Maduros (n=8; 58,7 + 10,9 anos) e Adultos Jovens (n=8; 21 + 4,3 anos). Cada grupo realizou três sessões experimentais; duas compostas de exercício físico resistido de baixa intensidade (dez exercícios a 40% de uma repetição máxima) realizados em diferentes fases do dia, manhã (07:30h) e noite (18:00h), e uma sessão controle - sem a realização de exercício físico. A pressão arterial foi medida por 24 horas após as sessões, a percepção de desconforto avaliada por meio de inventário. Em suma, descrevemos que: (1) Não constatamos redução pressórica no grupo Adultos Jovens em nenhuma das fases avaliadas. Observamos hipotensão pós-exercício no grupo Adultos Maduros de forma intermitente por 5 horas na variável pressão arterial média após o exercício realizado na fase matutina. Com base na análise de Fourier e da própria observação do comportamento pressórico da pressão arterial média, podemos observar que o exercício matutino atenuou o padrão pressórico ultradiano, como consequência, a pressão arterial média manteve-se a níveis abaixo da sessão controle; (2) Na avaliação da percepção de desconforto, o grupo Adultos Jovens quando comparado com o grupo Adultos Maduros, apresentou maior desconforto ao realizar o exercício na fase matutina, já na sessão com exercício noturno, encontramos pouca alteração na percepção de desconforto de adultos jovens e adultos maduros / Post exercise hypotension is a phenomenon of decreased blood pressure by minutes or hours after physical exercise, being considered a physiological response in blood pressure control. Factors such as blood pressure level, physical ability and type of exercise, contribute to potentiate post exercise hypotension, however, despite being known that blood pressure has no constant value over 24 hours, still not been investigated whether there are differences in the hypotensive response when exercise is performed at different times of the day. In view of this, 16 women were divided into two groups; Mature adults (n = 8; 58.7 ± 10.9 years) and Young Adults (n = 8; 21 ± 4.3 years). Each group performed three experimental sessions; two with low intensity resitance exercise (tem exercise at 40% one repetition maximum) was performed at two phases, morning (07: 30h) and night (18: 00h), and a control session without performing physical exercise. Blood pressure was measured during 24 hours after the sessions, perception of discomfort assessed by inventory. We describe that: We did not found blood pressure reduction in Young Adults group for none of the phases. We observed intermittently post-exercise hypotension Mature Adults group for five hours in mean arterial pressure after morning exercise. Based on Fourier Analysis and own observation mean arterial pressure behavior, we can observe that the morning exercise attenuated ultradian pressor pattern, As a result, average blood pressure levels remained below than control session; (2) In assessing the perception of discomfort, Young Adults group compared with Mature Adults group, showed greater discomfort to perform the exercise in the morning phase, during nightly exercise, we found little perception of discomfort change in Young Adults and Mature adults

Prohealth competencies, positive outcome expectancies, and adaptive stress appraisals have profound implications for the real-world transition of college seniors—a population for which engagement in physical activity reflects a preeminent concern. Prior studies on exercise self-efficacy (ESE), dispositional optimism (DO), perceived stress (PS), and physical activity have yielded inconclusive evidence of the emergent psychosocial challenges encountered during the final year of the college experience. Using a triadic framework of self-efficacy, attribution, and cognitive appraisal theories, this crosssectional, quantitative study was conducted using a web survey to examine (a) the impact of physical activity level on ESE, DO, and PS; (b) the relationships that exist between ESE, DO, and PS; and (c) whether DO, PS, and sex predict ESE in a sample of 138 college seniors. The Barriers Self-Efficacy Scale, Revised Life Orientation Test, Perceived Stress Scale, and Stages of Exercise Change Questionnaire were used to assess the respective lines of inquiry. Between-groups analysis of variance, correlation, and standard multiple regression analyses were conducted to test each respective hypothesis. Results indicated (a) significant mean differences in ESE, DO, and PS for exercise maintainers; (b) large intercorrelations among ESE, DO, and PS; and (c) PS as the most significant correlate and the strongest predictor of ESE. Findings can be used to frame the college years as a transformative experience for indoctrinating the competency beliefs that underpin leadership potentials, internalizing perceived controllability over objectives, and engendering challenge-approach orientations—prerequisites for real-world adaptation and potential building blocks for positive social change.

<p>This study is an assignment from Västerbottens läns landsting (VLL). The study’s main objective is to examine physical exercise habits and the most common motives for exercise among employees at VLL. It also compares educational status and gender differences to see if there is any significant dissimilarity regarding motives. The study is a quantitative study that used an electronic questionnaire to collect data from the respondents. The conclusion of this survey is that high educated people are more physical active than the other educational statuses and that low educated people are least likely to participate in physical activity. There is also a significant difference between men and women and their physical activity as men in greater extension than women is physical active and exercises more. The study also showed that there is no significant difference in strength training habits between educational status or gender. The most common motives to exercise are: <em>it´s healthy</em>, <em>improve stamina</em>, <em>inner satisfaction</em>, <em>maintain fitness</em>,<em> relaxing</em> and <em>it´s fun</em>.<em> </em>In strength training the most common motives are: <em>get stronger</em>, <em>it´s healthy</em>, <em>inner satisfaction</em>, <em>maintain fitness</em>,<em> get well-trained</em> and <em>that it is nice to strength train</em>.</p>

This study is an assignment from Västerbottens läns landsting (VLL). The study’s main objective is to examine physical exercise habits and the most common motives for exercise among employees at VLL. It also compares educational status and gender differences to see if there is any significant dissimilarity regarding motives. The study is a quantitative study that used an electronic questionnaire to collect data from the respondents. The conclusion of this survey is that high educated people are more physical active than the other educational statuses and that low educated people are least likely to participate in physical activity. There is also a significant difference between men and women and their physical activity as men in greater extension than women is physical active and exercises more. The study also showed that there is no significant difference in strength training habits between educational status or gender. The most common motives to exercise are: it´s healthy, improve stamina, inner satisfaction, maintain fitness, relaxing and it´s fun. In strength training the most common motives are: get stronger, it´s healthy, inner satisfaction, maintain fitness, get well-trained and that it is nice to strength train.

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Objectives To assess physical fitness in pregnancy and to evaluate its effect on perceived health, back pain, blood pressure and duration of gestation. Also, to evaluate the effect of serum relaxin levels on blood pressure and duration of gestation. Material and methods A prospective cohort of 520 pregnant women were examined in early pregnancy and five months postpartum with regard to socio-demographic characteristics and estimated peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2 peak, est.). Serum concentrations of relaxin were carried out in early pregnancy. Physical exercise, possible back pain and blood pressure were measured repeatedly throughout pregnancy. Results Absolute V̇O2 peak, est. in early pregnancy was positively correlated to perceived health, which was lower during than after pregnancy. The average absolute V̇O2 peak, est. in early pregnancy of 2.4 l/minute was 0.02 l/minute less than the V̇O2 peak, est. postpartum, while regular physical exercise decreased throughout pregnancy. Absolute V̇O2 peak, est. in early pregnancy was not associated to the incidence of any low back pain location in pregnancy or postpartum, but inversely to intensity of back pain and diastolic blood pressure and positively with duration of gestation. Elevated serum relaxin levels were associated with decreased diastolic blood pressure and higher duration of gestation among women with miscarriage. Conclusions Perceived health, diastolic blood pressure and duration of gestation were positively affected by physical fitness while no effect was shown on the incidence of back pain. The effect of physical fitness on duration of gestation and diastolic blood pressure might have clinical implications as well as the increased serum relaxin levels on miscarriages.

SUMMARY SUBJECT MATTER OF THE THESIS: Physical exercise influence on voluntary movement control. AIM OF THE THESIS: Assessment of various motivation physical exercise on voluntary movements control in women. The investigated individuals were divided into two groups: group of aerobics and group of local exercises. The Group or aerobics was composed of 51 women with 2 or 3 weekly classes of aerobics (average age 21,6 ±0,4 years, body weight index 20,7 ±0,3 kg/m²).). The group of local exercises consisted of 18 women with 2-3 Pilates health improvement classes (average age 20,9 +/-0,3, body weight index 21,5 ±0,5 kg/m²). METHODS: The computer aided platform “LIBRA” was employed for the investigation in order to determine proprioception. Both the groups were examined twice: before and after physical exercises. The examination was carried out in three positions: by standing on frontal plane, sitting on frontal plane and sitting on saggital plane. For movement control evaluation the following measurements were taken: extension area, extension time, recovery time, which were measured in standard units as well as global instability assessment in scores (0-10). RESULTS: The group of aerobics showed significant changes in most of the parameters under test within the second testing (after physical exercises). While in making assessments for the effect of local exercises on movement control, a significant reduction of extension time and global instability assessment in sitting... [to full text]