[pt] Esta pesquisa investiga a correlação entre a idade das pessoas e suas preferências pela aparência física, que possa vir a ajudar no entendimento do consumo de produtos influenciados pela estética e identificar que tipo físico seria mais indicado para campanhas de marketing. Investiga, particularmente, como a associação da idade com a preferência pode ser explicada por meio do efeitocoorte. Diversos estudos mostram a relevância do efeito coorte no estabelecimento da preferência por diversos produtos e serviços. O estudo levanta hipóteses que foram testadas a partir de dados levantados por meio de questionário em que atores e atrizes indicados para o Oscar desde a década de quarenta que são avaliados segundo critérios de aparência física. Os resultados mostram que, em geral, existe um período crítico de idade em acontece a formação das preferências. Os resultados realçam diferenças marcantes entre as respostas quando classificadas pelo gênero do respondente. / [en] This research investigates the correlation between peoples ages and their preference for certain physical types, seeking to understand how such preferences may influence the consumption of aesthetics- related products and thus, helping to determine which physical traits would be the most appropriate in marketing campaigns. It particularly investigates in which ways the association between age and preference can be explained by means of the cohort effect. Many studies have shown the relevance of the cohort effect in the establishment of consumer preference for certain products and services. This study identifies hypothesis that were tested based on data gathered from questionnaires in which actors and actresses who were Oscar-nominees since the 1940's were evaluated according to physical appearance criteria. The results show that, generally, there is a critical period of age during which peoples preferences are formed. The results also highlight the significant differences amongst the answers when respondents are classified according to gender.

Title: Motivating factors influencing consumers’ Brand preferences for mobile phones: University of Gavle students Level: Final assignment for Master degree in Business Administration (MBA) Authors: Chinedu Ekemba and Emurla Emin Ali Supervisor: Professor Ehsanul Huda Chowdhury Examiner: Professor Maria Fregidou-Malama Date: 2017- June Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the motivating factors that influence University Gavle students to prefer a particular Mobile phone brand. Method: A qualitative study is carried out based on primary data; the primary data was collected through semi-structured interview with twenty of University of Gavle Students by the use of face to face interview. Result & Conclusion: The study finds out that, the role of word of mouth as extrinsic factors serves as the highest motivating factor, while prestige serves as intrinsic factors of motivation. Thus, word of mouth and quality are the highest motivating factors that influence University of Gavle students to prefer a particular mobile phone brand. This finding of this research will help mobile phone marketers and managers to develop strategy on how to capture Swedish consumers to prefer their companies brand products. Suggestion for future research: Future research could be done by considering different or more widely target groups instead of students of University of Gavle. Different perspectives can be combined in future research thus, further research can be conducted by more broadly with a variety of age groups and in a wider area. Also, further research could include comparison between mobile phone brand types and may consider different type of products. This will give understanding of the different segments in mobile phone market, and to determine if these different segments can cause any variety and change of motivating factors. Additionally, further research could be conducted in the long time period, thus can be explored in detail benefiting from the longitudinal study and could be include observations to understand long-term variables on mobile phone market and effects of motivating factors. Hence, this could bring more effective conceptualization of influencing factors of smartphone buying consumers and helps to achieve a more in-depth research. More so, the same study can be conducted with a combination of different Universities in Sweden. And also, same research can be carried out using quantitative research method for future research. Contribution of the Study: This study contributes with knowledge on which motivating factors influence customers brand preferences, and how these factors affect their purchase decision.

This dissertation explores the making of and research for the film, Fattitude, a social justice based documentary that looks to awaken viewers to the reality of weight bias in media representation. This dissertation reviews the filmmaking process and then engages with the nature of stereotypes about fat bodies. Deeply tied to feminist and fat studies theory, the work here seeks to categorize and shape the understanding of weight bias in the media by linking fat tropes to clearly understood images of oppression, for example the monstrous, the fool, they hypersexual and the asexual. The work also seeks to present theory on the nature of creating media representations of fatness that are not oppressive – making note of current media created by grassroots movements for body acceptance and fat positivity. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2017. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether men with a large amount of Muscle Dysmorphia symptoms had a more favorable outlook and opinion of body work. Participants in the current study were a convenience sample of men recruited from undergraduate classes at Western Kentucky University and the community of Bowling Green Kentucky and Somerset Kentucky. A total of 215 men completed the study. Participants completed the Muscle Dysmorphia Inventory (MDI) and the Attitude-Behavior Questionnaire (ABQ). Results indicate scores on the MDI were significant predictors of scores on the ABQ. This suggests that men with a high number of Muscle Dysmorphia symptoms have a more favorable outlook and opinion of body work.

Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 22-25).

[pt] A aparência física masculina socialmente legitimada no mundo ocidental tornou- se no final do século XVIII, segundo Flugel (1930) em A psicologia das roupas, austera e hermética em relação a qualquer tipo de ornamento artístico, posto que o homem renuncia ao direito de ser considerado belo. Acreditamos, entretanto, tratarse de um fenômeno que só atinge certos segmentos do sexo masculino pertencentes ao universo dos white collars. Portanto, não se estende a todos os homens. Observemos, por exemplo, a vaidade presente na estética regional dos latifundiários do Agreste Nordestino e dos grupos socialmente marginalizados como os cangaceiros, malandros da Lapa, sambistas, bicheiros ad infinutum. Neste trabalho, elegemos alguns elementos da cultura de massa para saber como os discursos sobre os cuidados com a aparência estética no sexo masculino passam a ser enaltecidos pela cultura dominante através de enunciados que apontam para o surgimento de um novo homem. Além disso, examinamos como estas mensagens vêm sendo recebidas pelos sujeitos, tendo em vista o modo através do qual elas entram em conformidade com antigos valores da nossa sociedade. Para tanto, foram analisados diversos estilos de moda masculina, tais como são caracterizados no discurso dos entrevistados, já que acreditamos ser esta uma das maneiras através das quais os indivíduos se posicionam na sociedade, expressando opiniões e emitindo mensagens ao seu respeito. Concluímos, portanto, que estes sujeitos utilizam-se de uma boa parte dos modelos projetados pela indústria para criar a sua própria identidade visual. Além disso, percebemos que eles se colocam contrários à tão alardeada androgenia que vem sendo propagada pela mídia, posto que estão sempre buscando preservar as diferenças entre os sexos através de um mapeamento imaginário do corpo masculino (Portinari, 2003, s.p.). Ainda é importante explicitar que o material colhido é extremamente amplo e abrangente, cujo teor não foi trabalhado e esmiuçado em toda a sua potencialidade, ficando portanto para ser retomado no doutorado. / [en] Because the Western man abandoned his claim to beauty, his socially legitimated physical appearance had turned at the end XVIII century, like Flugel (1930) states in The Psychology of Clothes, into an austere and ascetic form of art. We believe, though, this is a limited phenomenon restricted to a certain segment of the masculine universe: i. e., the white collars1 group. It is, therefore, inexistent in other areas, as demonstrated , for example, the vanity present in the aesthetics of such social outcast groups as the cangaceiros (outlaws from the North East of Brazil), thugs from Lapa, samba dancers, bicheiros ( the Brazilian Mafia), ad infinutum. In this work, we choose different elements of the mass media and analyze their discourse to discover how the importance of the aesthetic pleasure in the physical appearance of the male started to be reintroduced in the main stream culture. We used as material a large number of statements announcing the birth of the new man. Furthermore, we also wanted to find out how these messages are received by men and how the conflict with older values are resolved. Thus, we analyzed different styles of masculine fashion because we believe clotthing is one of paths through which individuals find their place in society, express their opinions and emit messages about their inner selves.

The literature survey reports that persons electing cosmetic plastic surgery for aesthetic or medical reasons, or those persons not electing any form of surgery, often experience physical, psychological and socio-cultural problems. The complexity among the associated variables, body images, identity status, fashionable clothing behaviour and social self-consciousness were investigated comparatively, using a biopsychosocial approach. The samples consisted of cosmetic surgery patients (n=25), Black and White female fashion participants (n=60) and breast oncology case studies (n=3). The research methods included descriptive and inferential statistics. A maximum of six questionnaires was administered per individual. The results indicated that a positive body image perception was related to identity integrity, fashionable dressing and a sense of social acceptance. Insight into the importance placed on the body as a means of self-expression can contribute to successful cosmetic and breast oncology surgery and also promote intercultural harmony, by reducing body-based prejudice. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

本研究探索台灣與東南亞籍跨國婚姻子女其自我概念、外表形象與族群認同之內涵及三者概念之間的關連性。本研究以質性研究方法進行，透過參與觀察、焦點團體以及個別深入訪談等多元方式從事資料蒐集並以歸納方式進行分析。本研究對象主要包括了五個類別的青少年：外表具有明顯族群特徵的跨國原生家庭青少年、外表不具有明顯族群特徵的跨國原生家庭青少年、外表具有明顯族群特徵的跨國繼親家庭青少年、親生父母皆為台灣人的跨國繼親家庭青少年以及特殊類別青少年。本研究產生幾項主要發現：(1) 跨國家庭青少年在自我概念上的形塑與一般青少年無異；他們皆能以抽象字眼描述自己，並運用多種不同面向以建構其自我概念。在當中，父母和同儕為影響其自我概念的重要他人。(2)外表亦為跨國家庭青少年自我概念的重要面向之一，尤其是女性。此外，跨國家庭青少年所持之審美觀與一般青少年並無明顯差異。(3)跨國家庭青少年均已發展出初步的族群認同，能選擇自身的族群身份以及運用族群相關線索來區分「我群」和「他群」。同時，外表特徵影響自身揭露族群身份的經驗與方式，具有明顯族群外表者較無彈性選擇族群身份界定與揭露方式。(4)對於擁有明顯族群外表特徵的跨國原生家庭青少年與特殊類別青少年而言，他人對其族群身份與外表特徵的評價，會明顯地對其自我概念產生雙重影響，其中性別亦為一個重要因素。對女性來說，明顯的族群外表特徵（例如膚色黑）容易降低她們對外表的自信。本研究的結果，期望能對跨國家庭及族群研究，相關決策者，以及台灣社會大眾做出有意義的貢獻。 / The aim of this research is to understand the relations among self-concept, ethnic identification and the perception of physical appearance in the adolescents from transnational families composed of Taiwanese and Southeast Asians. The study uses qualitative research methods to collect and analyze data, and the sample comprises five categories: the adolescents from transnational families with identifiable ethnic physical features, the adolescents from transnational families without identifiable ethnic physical features, the adolescents from transnational stepfamilies with identifiable ethnic physical features, the Taiwanese-born adolescents from transnational stepfamilies, and the special category. There are several findings from this research. First, the construction of self concept is similar between adolescents from transnational families and the general Taiwanese adolescents; they are able to describe themselves in abstract sense and present their self-concepts in multiple dimensions. Parents and peers are significant sources of influence in their construction of self concepts. Second, the perception of physical appearance is a significant aspect of self concept in adolescents from transnational families, and this is especially so to female adolescents. Moreover, the perceptions of beauty and physical appearance of adolescents from transnational families tend to coincide with those of the general Taiwanese adolescents. Third, the adolescents from transnational families have developed preliminary ethnic identities, which are shown by their abilities to indicate their ethnic memberships and to distinguish the ethnic in-groups from out-groups. Furthermore, physical appearance tends to affect the ways and experiences of revealing ethnic identities. Adolescents with identifiable ethnic physical features generally have less power to negotiate their ethnic identities. Fourth, to those adolescents from transnational families with identifiable ethnic physical features and the adolescent in the special category, others’ opinions of their ethnic memberships and their ethnically denoted physical appearances can powerfully shape their self-concepts, and gender acts as an important factor affecting this linkage. To the female adolescents from transnational families with identifiable ethnic features, their self-esteem is likely to be negatively influenced by their ethnically denoted physical appearances. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the academic fields of transnational family study and ethnicity, as well as to policy makers and the general Taiwanese society.

The literature survey reports that persons electing cosmetic plastic surgery for aesthetic or medical reasons, or those persons not electing any form of surgery, often experience physical, psychological and socio-cultural problems. The complexity among the associated variables, body images, identity status, fashionable clothing behaviour and social self-consciousness were investigated comparatively, using a biopsychosocial approach. The samples consisted of cosmetic surgery patients (n=25), Black and White female fashion participants (n=60) and breast oncology case studies (n=3). The research methods included descriptive and inferential statistics. A maximum of six questionnaires was administered per individual. The results indicated that a positive body image perception was related to identity integrity, fashionable dressing and a sense of social acceptance. Insight into the importance placed on the body as a means of self-expression can contribute to successful cosmetic and breast oncology surgery and also promote intercultural harmony, by reducing body-based prejudice. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

The diploma thesis focuses on motivations for watching beauty videos on YouTube. The aim is to clarify why viewers watch amateur videos that communicate topics related to physical appearance. Assuming the audience as an active actor of media communication the thesis is based on uses and gratification theory. Viewers watch beauty videos consciously to meet their individual needs. Based on an analysis of eleven interviews with regular viewers of beauty videos this thesis reveals five categories of motivation. Beauty videos represent the source of information, the source of entertainment, the platform for communication with individuals with shared theme of interest and the tool for self-education. These motivations are not specific for this specific type of media and can motivate viewers to watch amateur beauty videos and professional beauty shows equally. The key motivation for watching beauty videos on YouTube is the interest of videobloggers. Authors of beauty videos disclose parts of their privacy, show their imperfections and interact with their audience. Using these practices videobloggers evoke the illusion of a close relationship between them and their viewers. Viewers have the opportunity the create strong social ties to videobloggers.