About 15 kilometers north-east of the Turkish city of Şanliurfa lies the mound of Göbekli Tepe with its Stone Age Sanctuaries. Its enormous deposit layers, up to 15 meters high, have accumulated over several millennia on an area of about 9 hectares. Excavations done by the German Archaeological Institute with the Archaeological Museum of Şanliurfa, which have been carried out since 1995, found a very important site, which contributes to a completely new understanding of the process of sedentism and the beginning of agriculture. Amazingly, no residential buildings have been discovered up to now. However, at least two phases of monumental religious architecture have been uncovered. Of these, the oldest layer, with its richly adorned monolithic T-shaped pillars, is the most impressive. The buildings on this layer are circular, with a diameter of over 20 meters, and constructed from quarry stone. There are the enclosures A-D on the southern slope and enclosure E at the western plateau. Their age is impressive, having been dated to the 10th millennium BC, a time when men still lived as hunter-gatherers. This opened up a layer of the Stone Age, in which the so-called Neolithic Revolution took place. Overlying layer III is layer II, which has been dated to the 9th millennium BC. During this latter period there is a certain reduction both in the size of the structures and in the numbers of pillars. The uppermost layer I is represented by the surface debris including enormous deposits of Hangfußsedimente, accumulations of eroded sediments from layers II and III. There is no occupation from periods younger than the Pre-Pottery Neolithic at the site. The sanctuaries of Göbekli Tepe were completely filled in during the Stone Age. The old surfaces that can be observed in the excavations and the processes that occurred in the sediment have been subjected to pedological analyses and allow the act of filling to be dated into the late 9th millennium BC. / El montículo de Göbekli Tepe, con sus santuarios de la Edad de Piedra, se ubica a unos 15 kilómetros al noreste de la ciudad de Şanliurfa, en Turquía. Sus enormes capas de sedimentos, que alcanzan más de 15 metros de espesor, se acumularon en una superficie de alrededor de 9 hectáreas durante varios milenios. En las excavaciones realizadas desde 1995 por el Deutsches Archäologisches Institut (DAI), en cooperación con el Archaeological Museum of Şanliurfa, se descubrió un sitio muy importante que ofrece una comprensión totalmente nueva del proceso de la sedentarización y del inicio de la agricultura. Resulta sorprendente que no se hayan descubierto construcciones residenciales hasta el momento. En vez de ello, se han ubicado, al menos, dos fases de arquitectura monumental, de las que la más temprana es la más espectacular por sus grandes pilares ricamente adornados. Las construcciones de este nivel, hechas de piedras canteadas, son de planta circular y tienen un diámetro de más de 20 metros. Los denominados recintos A a D se encuentran en la pendiente sur, mientras que el Recinto E se ubica en la meseta occidental. Su edad es impresionante, ya que data del décimo milenio a.C., en una época en que el hombre aún vivía de la caza y la recolección; es, por lo tanto, un grado de la Edad de Piedra en el que ocurrió la Revolución Neolítica. La capa II cubre la III y fue fechada en el noveno milenio a.C. En este tiempo se advierte una cierta reducción en el tamaño de las estructuras y en la cantidad de los pilares. La capa I es superficial, con derrumbes e importantes depósitos de sedimentos de piedemonte, como acumulaciones de sedimentos erosionados procedentes de las capas II y III. No existen vestigios más recientes que el PPN (Pre-Pottery Neolithic o Neolítico Precerámico) en el sitio: los santuarios de Göbekli Tepe fueron rellenados completamente durante la Edad de Piedra. Las superficies antiguas se observan en la excavación y los procesos que ocurrieron en el sedimento fueron sometidos a análisis pedológicos que permitieron determinar la edad del relleno en la parte tardía del noveno milenio a.C.

Pilares de edifícios estão sempre submetidos à flexão composta oblíqua. Este trabalho tem como objetivo comparar, em seções transversais com formato geométrico de L, os resultados obtidos por dois métodos de cálculo: a) Integração numérica na qual, para cada direção principal, são utilizadas curvaturas reais obtidas de diagramas momentocurvatura de cada seção, sendo os efeitos de segunda ordem calculados considerando a flexão composta oblíqua; b) Integração numérica na qual, para cada direção principal é utilizada uma rigidez secante, obtida a partir dos momentos resistentes do ELU, sendo os efeitos de segunda ordem calculados ignorando-se a direção ortogonal. 2.248 seções transversais foram analisadas. Cada uma foi solicitada de 192 maneiras diferentes. A conclusão é de que o procedimento descrito no item b pode ser utilizado com segurança, desde que se utilize uma rigidez secante reduzida em 10%. / The columns of buildings are always subject to oblique bending. This study compares, in geometric L shaped cross sections, the results obtained using two calculation methods: a) Numerical integration in which, for each principal direction, the actual curvatures obtained from moment-curvature relationships of each section are used, calculating the second-order effects considering the oblique bending; b) Numerical integration in which, for each principal direction, a secant stiffness is used, obtained from the moments resistances of ULS, calculating the second-order effects ignoring the orthogonal direction. 2.248 cross sections were analyzed. Each one was solicited in 192 different ways. The conclusion is that the procedure described in item b can be safely used, provided a secant stiffness reduced to 10% is used.

Master's Thesis concentrates on Corporate Social Responsibility and ways of implementation this concept according to selected standards. The objective is to propose specific ways of implementation of the CSR to selected company in furniture industry. The sub-objectives are to conduct a thorough analysis and assessment of current CSR activities and next in making a specific proposal of activities, which can be realized in terms of CSR concept. This thesis has been divided into two main parts practical and theoretical. Theoretical part has been based on basis of the summary information from the technical literature data. Practical part was based on interviews and personal meetings with a variety of emloyees from selected company. Final evaluation and proposals have been drawn up by comparison of theoretical knowledge and gathered information.

The focus of this diploma thesis is organic farming. Its goal is to evaluate the positives and the negatives of organic farming from the sustainable development point of view. Sustainable development is usually divided into three pillars - environmental, economic and social. However, this thesis uses the division into four pillars of sustainability, in which the social pillar is divided into socio-political and human pillar, which is more fitting in this case. This division allows a more detailed evaluation of organic farming. The thesis also deals with the question of sustainability of the researched farm in the future. The method chosen for the thesis is a case study, thanks to which a specific case was researched and answers for the stated questions could be found. Rainton farm in the South of Scotland serves as the case for the practical part of the thesis. Since the early 1990s Rainton has been in the process of conversion from the conventional to the organic way of farming. The business has been diversified and therefore the research could be focused also on the development of the visitor centre, ice-cream or cheese making. Thanks to the data from interviews, participant observation and other documents, a complex picture of the organic farm was created. The research has shown that the...

To meet ambitious climate goals, of keeping global warming below 2°C, past emissions need to be removed from the atmosphere with the help of negative emissions technologies (NETs). The transition of energy systems, however, needs to follow the requirements of sustainable development to benefit all three pillars of sustainability, those are the environment, society, and economy. A NET that has gained increased attention from policymakers and businesses in recent years is direct air capture (DAC). The technology is currently on a small scale and faces challenges for scale-up such as energy and water intensity, the unclear requirements of resources and uncertain environmental, social, and economic impacts. The aim of this study was, therefore, to address DAC's impact on the three pillars of sustainability to answer the research question: How does direct air capture influence or connect to the three pillars of sustainable development? Because of the lack of research on DAC in connection with sustainability a qualitative interview approach was chosen where five interviews were conducted with researchers working with DAC. The findings derived from the interviews were separated into the different pillars of sustainability. The finding for the sustainability aspect included the definition of sustainability, various justice aspects and contributions to the SDGs. For the environmental aspect, DAC's carbon footprint and impact on mitigation were highlighted. The economic aspect of DAC showed the need for a clear business model and a supportive carbon mechanism. Lastly, for the social aspect low level of knowledge and the importance of social acceptance were recognized. Concluding, these different aspects influence the pillars of sustainability and need to be considered before further scale-up of DAC.

Introduction: This case study with a qualitative phenomenological perspective investigates the relationships between museum databases in Sweden and the four pillars of museum sustainability, the Economic environment, the Social Environment, the Natural Environment, and the Cultural Environment. With the help of 33 indicators developed to measure museum sustainability, this study investigated which indicators museum databases could affectand how they are connected in order to identify what factors there are related to sustainability for museum databases. The Carlotta database was also discussed with the identified indicators in mind, with the purpose of examining the current sustainability progress for museum databases in today’s Sweden. Method: A survey was sent out containing 10 questions developed with the two first research questions in mind.The survey had 11 participants, which were completely anonymous, and literature was also used in the discussionof this study. Analysis: Using the definition for museum sustainability by Pop & Borza, and the 33 indicators developed tomeasure museum sustainability, the results of the survey could be analysed and used for identifying what indicatorswere relevant for museum databases, and what factors are related to sustainability for museum databases. Results: It was possible to identify economic factors, environmental factors, management factors, and conservational factors from the survey. These were then connected to the pillar that was relevant for them. The economicfactors were related to the Economic Environment, the environmental factors were related to the Natural Environment, the conservational factors were related to the Cultural Environment, and the management factors were related to all of the four pillars. Out of the 33 indicators, 24 could be identified as connected to museum databases. Conclusion: Museum databases have a great impact on museum sustainability, as well as museum management, but the same is true the other way around as well. Museums need to work together and help each other in order todevelop their databases in a sustainable way, and consequently, their museums as well. Every aspect of a museumdatabase needs to be examined with a sustainable perspective, which needs to be further studied in future research.The World Culture Museums are taking initiatives that are positive from a sustainability perspective, and the Carlotta database have great potential for reaching a point where it can be considered sustainable.

The Co-Alignment Principle is a strategic management framework that guides value-added management. The model suggests that firms will perform successfully if they scan the environment for forces driving change and allocate their resources to industry-leading competitive methods that address environmental trends. When financing and managing a capital project, a firm's managers must think strategically and consider the "four pillars" of project valuation and management: (1) estimating future cash flows over the project's life cycle, (2) determining an appropriate cost of capital/rate of return, (3) assessing and managing operational and financial risk, and (4) investing in the appropriate materials and resources. The four pillars of project valuation and management act as a framework to guide this investigation on university conference center financing. The overall research question of this study asks how university officials make conference center investment decisions based on the four pillars of project valuation and management. To answer the research questions posed by this investigation, this study adopted a multiple case study approach, in which officials at five universities were interviewed about their universities' conference center projects. Interviews with two executive-level personnel at each university along with multiple sources of written documentation provided the basis for conclusions. Evidence from the data collection phase of this project indicates that universities follow similar procedures for financing their conference centers. For instance, they take advantage of low-cost, tax-exempt debt and private contributions to fund these capital projects. In addition, they place little emphasis on sensitivity analyses for cash flow projections and ignore the opportunity costs of capital. University conference center financing practices with respect to the four pillars of project valuation and management are not consistent with the recommendations set forth by traditional financial principles. This study concludes that universities should improve their strategic thinking and pay more attention to the four pillars in order to increase the viability of their conference center businesses. / Master of Science

How can we understand places and their development processes from a social perspective? The aim of this case study is to understand the emergence of an IT-industry in Karlskrona between 1989-2002 from a social capital perspective. Historically, the production and the form of life of the population in Karlskrona, has been characterized by the fact that Karlskrona is a naval city, which for several centuries has had a naval base and a naval ship yard. Karlskrona is also an interesting case to study because of the stagnation in the economy and the insignificant prospects for industrial renewal in the late 1980s. Despite these conditions, something happens that for a short period of time changes the local structure both in terms of production and population. How can we understand the social dimension of such a change? In a narrated form this case study highlights how the transformation of Karlskrona contain both bridging and bonding forms of social relations. The main purpose of this dissertation is accordingly to understand which networks of relations the key participants of the study are a part of and get resources from. The study also aim to highlight structures for action around the development of the IT-industry in relation to the ties that bind in the already established industrial specialization in Karlskrona, in other words the lasting relationships tied to the naval base, the navy and the naval yard. From this viewpoint questions are asked regarding what kind of social relations appear, both in the new and the old Karlskrona, and what it is in particular that characterizes the new social capital that makes up the key participants room to manoeuvre in the process of transformation for Karlskrona.   The phenomenon where the place Karlskrona appears as socially divided between exchanges within the context of the new and the already established industry, is illustrated as two pillars of social capital. The pillars are assumed to be separated at the beginning of the transformation, and then they change as people live their lives and are included in new types of exchanges with each other. From the case specific study of the transformation of Karlskrona between 1989-2002, other, more general analytical connections are made in the discussion about how the dynamics of the transformation could be made possible, and why it stopped. From the theoretical viewpoint of social capital the dissertation follows a discussion about the lessons which can be learnt regarding the question how we can view places and their transformation processes. The conclusions particularly emphasize the importance of how newcomers can contribute as well as the crucial role held by border crossers when it comes to create linking social capital of the place. / Hur kan vi betrakta platser och deras utvecklingsprocesser från ett socialt perspektiv? I denna avhandling studeras framväxten av en IT-industri i Karlskrona mellan åren 1989-2002 utifrån ett perspektiv om socialt kapital. Produktionen i Karlskrona och populationens livsform har ur ett historiskt perspektiv varit präglad av det faktum att Karlskrona är en örlogsstad som under flera hundra år inrymt ett örlogsvarv samt omfattande enheter av den kungliga flottan, och dess utbildningar. Karlskronas transformation är ett intressant fall att studera eftersom ekonomin i slutet av 1980-talet var stagnerad och utsikterna för industriell förnyelse mycket små. Ändå händer något som för en kort tid kom att skapa förändringar i den lokala sammansättningen av såväl produktion som population. Hur kan vi förstå den sociala dimensionen av en sådan förändring? Teorin om socialt kapital hjälper oss i denna studie att se hur relationer innehåller utbyten mellan aktörer som är kopplade till platsen och dess dominerande livsform. Denna studie ser hur platsens utveckling rymmer sociala relationer som verkar både bindande likt ett klister och möjliggörande likt ett smörjmedel. Det övergripande syftet med denna avhandling är att förstå vilka nätverk av relationer som studiens nyckelaktörer ingår i och hämtar resurser ur. Studien syftar även till att belysa utbyten runt IT-industrins framväxt i relation till de samordningar som sedan länge varit etablerade runt den dominerande industriella specialiseringen i Karlskrona, det vill säga varaktiga gemenskaper med koppling till örlogshamnen, flottan och varvet. Utifrån en sådan ansats ställs frågor om vilka slags sociala relationer det är som framträder i både det nya och det gamla Karlskrona och vad det är som särskilt karaktäriserar det nya sociala kapital som bildar nyckelaktörers manöverutrymme i berättelsen av Karlskronas transformationsprocess. Fenomenet där platsen Karlskrona framstår som socialt tudelad mellan utbyten inom den nya och den redan etablerade industrins sammanhang illustreras som två pelare av socialt kapital. Pelarna antas vara åtskilda vid transformationens början för att sedan förändras i takt med att människor på platsen lever sina liv och ingår i nya slags utbyten med varandra. Utifrån den fallspecifika studien av Karlskronas transformation 1989-2002 dras även mer generella analytiska kopplingar i diskussionen om hur utvecklingens dynamik kunde bli möjlig, samt varför den upphörde? Utifrån avhandlingens teoretiska ansats och berättelser diskuteras slutligen de lärdomar som kan dras från studien med återkoppling till frågan om hur vi kan betrakta platser och dess utveckling från ett socialt perspektiv. De slutsatser som dras betonar framför allt vikten av att inflyttade kan göra något avsevärt nytt liksom vilken avgörande roll gränsgångare har i skapandet av platsens överbryggande sociala kapital.

The aim of this study was to explore consumers’ descriptions of sustainable food consumption. The concept of sustainability can be difficult to grasp, but is often defined in terms of three pillars; environment, society and economy. Prior research of sustainable food consumption have often focused on one of the pillars rather than all of them together in relation to consumers understandings of sustainable food consumption. Notwithstanding, previous research have mentioned that in order to fully comprehend sustainability it is essential to take all of the three pillars into consideration. Therefore, this study acknowledged this gap, as it focused on the three pillars of sustainability as a base, and further connected the three pillars to the four food concepts; organic, Fairtrade, sustainable diets and waste, in order to fully understand consumers descriptions of sustainable food consumption. The study was conducted using a qualitative approach, and the data was collected through semi-structured interviews with a sample of students and employees at Linnaeus University in Sweden. The interviewees gave varied and interesting answers, which later were analyzed in comparison to the theory on the subject. With the answers from the interviews it was concluded that environmental and social sustainability were prioritized to economic sustainability among participants. As the participants’ descriptions of sustainable food consumption was varied, and all of the four concepts in relation to three pillars were analyzed, a framework was developed in order to clarify how the consumers describe sustainable food consumption. The study also presents a number of implications for further research as well as managerial implications.  Keywords Sustainable food consumption, consumers description, three pillars of sustainability, economic sustainability, environmental sustainability, social sustainability, organic, Fairtrade, sustainable diets, vegetarian, locally produced, waste reduction, food waste

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:47:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Wilson do Amaral Filho.pdf: 1253847 bytes, checksum: 847aed048db5ca82ac8a0b81fbdd0221 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-12 / The objective of this thesis is to search the interdiscursivity between the Sermon of the Mount, from the Gospel of Matthew, and the Four Pillars of the Education from the Report of the International Commission on Education for the Twenty-First Century presented to UNESCO. It is possible to identify immediately the ethical-religious nature of the Biblical text of the first century and the political-educational character of the report based on the contemporary education s worldview. At a first moment, the research sets the examination of the theoretical principles of the genders of discourse, the conditions of production, the ethos, and the interdiscursivity. After that, both discourses are examined under those principles so that, at last, it is possible to verify and confirm the interdiscursivity between these discourses about the question of learning to be. / Esta tese tem como objetivo principal pesquisar a interdiscursividade entre o Sermão do Monte, do Evangelho de Mateus, e os Quatro Pilares da Educação do Relatório da Comissão Internacional sobre a Educação para o Século XXI apresentado à UNESCO. De imediato se identifica o caráter ético-religioso do texto bíblico do primeiro século, enquanto que o texto do relatório revela-se político-educacional, alicerçado na cosmovisão de educação contemporânea. A pesquisa se detém num primeiro momento no exame do referencial teórico dos gêneros discursivos, das condições de produção, do ethos e da interdiscursividade, aplicados, em seguida, a cada um dos textos citados para, ao final, buscar-se e confirmar a concorrência da interdiscursividade entre esses discursos, quanto ao aprender a ser.