Decreased food security is a major issue which influences numerous individuals in developing countries such as South Africa. Literature suggests that although detailed information is not available about the exact amount of food insecure households in South Africa, food insecurity does exist. Multiple factors influence decreased food security and households in informal settlements often portray high risks to decreased food security due to a lack of adequate resources to ensure sustainable food security. However, to the authors‟ knowledge limited information is available regarding the specific state of household food security in informal settlements in South Africa. Information regarding the influences various factors have on food security in an informal settlement is also limited. Therefore this study aimed to explore household food security in an informal settlement including the factors that could possibly contribute to food insecurity. According to literature, the pillars of food security consist of food availability, accessibility and utilisation and can contribute to a decrease in household food security or the enhancement thereof. In addition, socio-demographical factors such as income, household size and level of education can influence household food security. Based on this information, the pillars of food security and socio-demographical aspects of a household were used as possible factors that influence food security and were included as part of the theoretical framework. Utilisation as part of the food security pillars was closely explored to determine if the knowledge and suggested implementation thereof was effective and contributing to household food security. The influence of knowledge of basic food related aspects on food security were therefore determined in this, combined with the relationships between various socio-demographics and food security. Furthermore, through these findings recommendations were made on how food security can be enhanced in the households of the identified informal settlement. A quantitative research approach was used in this study. As part of non-probability sampling interviewer administered questionnaires were presented to 103 respondents at Nutrifeeds production and distribution facility in the Viljoenskroon area. Existing questionnaires and surveys relevant to this study subject were consulted to develop the questionnaire which explored demographics, food production and knowledge of food handling, utilisation, storage practices, and food security. All questionnaires were completed and the data was analysed by Statistical Consultation Services at the North-West University, Potchefstroom, using the Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results indicated that the majority of respondents possessed knowledge regarding food handling practices. Knowledge of food related aspects were indicated to be implemented accordingly, by most respondents with regard to food utilisation (preparation, hygiene and storage). It was determined that the more than two thirds of the respondents and their households were at risk of food insecurity or food insecure suggesting that a need exists for food insecurity to be addressed in this informal settlement. According to the results that were obtained in this study, food insecurity in the Viljoenskroon area, Rammulotsi informal settlement can be acknowledged. Additionally, the findings enabled the researcher to make recommendations to local businesses, clinics and local authorities regarding the enhancement of household food security in the area. The recommendations include the enhancement of knowledge regarding food related aspects, food production opportunities, food access and utilisation in the community as a means to improve the status of household food security in this informal settlement. / M Consumer Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

The potential of flexible micro pillars for measuring near wall flow phenom- ena was theoretically and experimentally investigated. The bending of the micro pillars is a measure for the local wall shear stress (WSS) or a visualisa- tion of near wall flow phenomena. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was chosen as material for the sensor. Within the thesis the experimental work with the shear stress sensor mainly has the focus on the transition to turbulence. Closely connected are improvements of the measurement techniques. The transition is thereby investigated qualitatively and quantitatively. Another huge part of the thesis was the improvement of the reliability of the manu- facturing process of the micro pillars. For this purpose new manufacturing methods for single pillars and pillar arrays have been tested. Further on, dif- ferent detection methods for capturing the bending of the pillar were tested, too. The measurements of the transitional flow were performed at flat plate boundary layer in an oil channel. Ondina 913 was used as test fluid. The physical properties of the PDMS changed dramatically while longer exposed to Ondina 913. Hence, it was unfeasible to receive reproducible quantita- tive results. Better results were achieved if the pillars are used as flexible micro tufts revealing the flow and WSS topology directly at the wall quali- tatively. With the pillar sensor it was possible to detect turbulent spots in the transitional state of the flat plate boundary layer. Furthermore, coherent structures and their typical sign in the viscous sublayer could be identified and the occurrence of critical points and back flow could be experimentally verified.

Várias empresas em todas as partes do mundo, estão iniciando o processo de migração para a Indústria 4.0. Isso requer uma mudança no modelo de gestão, na cultura e nos direcionadores das decisões organizacionais e tecnológicas. Este trabalho retrata a relevância que o tema vem adquirindo ao longo dos últimos anos e a necessidade de um entendimento comum sobre os Pilares da Indústria 4.0, visando contribuir para, no campo teórico, melhor análise dos impactos que este novo modelo está trazendo para as organizações e, no campo da prática, para auxiliar no planejamento da implantação das mudanças necessárias. Portanto, este trabalho tem por objetivo sistematizar os Pilares da Indústria 4.0 considerando artigos acadêmicos publicados nas bases Web Of Science e Scopus. A metodologia adotada para a condução da pesquisa foi a revisão bibliográfica sistemática apoiada pelo uso da ferramenta Start e como complemento, as entrevistas com profissionais que trabalham com Indústria 4.0 para entender se a visão desses convergem para os pilares encontrados nos artigos. Um total de 1104 papers foram identificados e revisados sistematicamente. O principal resultado obtido é uma matriz na qual são apresentados os pilares e as tecnologias da Indústria 4.0 subdivididos em internos e externos às empresas / Many companies in all parts of the world are starting the process of migration to Industry 4.0 also called Factory of the future. This requires a change in the model, in the culture, and in the direction of organizational and technological decisions. This article presents the relevance of the theme over the last years and the need for a common understanding on the Pillars of Industry 4.0, aiming to contribute, in the theoretical field, to a better analysis of the impacts that this new model is bringing to the organizations and in the field of practice to assist in planning the implementation of the necessary changes. Therefore, this article aims to systematize the Pillars of Industry 4.0 considering academic articles published in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The methodology used to conduct the research was the systematic bibliographic review supported by the use of the Start tool and, as a complement, the interviews with professionals working with Industry 4.0 to understand if the vision of these converge to the pillars found in the articles. A total of 1104 papers were systematically identified and revised. Thirteen papers were used and two interviews were carried out. The main result obtained is a matrix in which the pillars and technologies of Industry 4.0 are subdivided into internal and external to the companies.

The project was performed at Parker Hannifin Cylinder Division at Falköping, where a station in the most critical flow at the production has been studied, which is the hand welding station. Within this report, the purpose is to identify disturbances, in order to eliminate and reduce these by coming up with improvement proposals. Furthermore, the aim is to help improve the company's work with 5S and TPM (Total Productive Maintenance). A combination of tools and concepts are being used in this project when generating improvement proposals to avoid the risk of falling back into old habits and facilitate the work. The combination of concepts, intends to be continued to work with, in order to facilitate for the company to reach even higher results.The methodology of TPM is the basis of the project, although it is not about a complete implementation of TPM, but is limited to chosen parts since it is a time consuming process that can go on for years. The main focus of TPM is about the first pillar, 5S. Action plans for how to solve these problems and how to achieve the desired state has been established.Thereafter, the researchers in cooperation with the company´s staff have implemented a couple of small improvement proposals. Further improvement proposals have also been presented in this report, but due to the limited time no implementations was made.Moreover, this project is divided into a couple of phases. Situational analysis has been made through both interviews with staff and observation studies. Analysis has also been made by some numeric data taken out by researchers and partly through mapping the equipment. The intention of this is to create a status image of the current situation over the hand welding station. The current state has shown the appearance of problems and challenges that exist. Additional wastages and disturbances in the station can come up to the surface and can thus easily be identified. In turn, occurring wastages and disturbances can be eliminated and the amount of wasted time reduced with help of the action plans to reach a future state.Another method that occurs is spaghetti charts. It has been used for mapping up the existing procedures during the process of the orders in the station, and by that identified different types of disturbances. In addition, the creation of a Value Stream Mapping (VSM) has been made. The map is used as a measurement to identify how much time on a working day that is spent as value adding time and non-value adding time of work.

Hur kommer det sig att en organisation som brandmannakollektivet uppvisar en så låg kvinnorepresentation bland sina brandmän när andra organisationer med samma eller liknande förutsättningar, som polis och militär, uppvisar bättre resultat? Vad kan förklara den låga kvinnorepresenationen i den Svenska räddningstjänsten?Vi har i denna uppsats försökt förklara problemet med hjälp av nyinstitutionella teorier, så som homogenitet på organisationsfältet (isomorfismer) och professionens legitimitetssträvan genom omvärlden. Vi menar att det inte räcker att hitta och förklara institutionella faktorer och därmed en förändringströghet, med enbart isomorfismer eller enbart professionens legitimitetssträvan. De måste sättas i en relation till varandra.Det vi fann var att räddningstjänsten inte söker sin professionella legitimitet genom styrning från lagar och regler, och att denna ignorans skapar en norm på organisationsfältet. Ignoransen är en konsekvens av svag styrning från andra aktörer i organisationsfältet samt obefintlig granskning. Vi fann också att räddningstjänsten förvaltar och upprätthåller den norm som samhället har på brandmannen, som manlig och stark, genom att återkommande luta sig mot fysiska krav. Vi fann också att vinnande koncept var imitationslegitima på organisationsfältet.Jämställdhetslagar får svårt att få fäste i organisationen då det är vedertaget att inte anamma lagar om den inte faller inom normen för räddningstjänstens styrning. Inte heller kommer den att anammans så länge man förvaltar den norm om manlighet och styrka då den motsäger sig den normbild som professionen legitimerar sig med gentemot omvärlden. Enda gången man kan bryta de institutionella mönstena är genom ett vinnande koncept. Om en station med jämn könsfördelning uppvisar ett bättre eller effektivare resultat kommer detta med största sannorlikhet att spridas.

Pilares de edifícios estão sempre submetidos à flexão composta oblíqua. Este trabalho tem como objetivo comparar, em seções transversais com formato geométrico de L, os resultados obtidos por dois métodos de cálculo: a) Integração numérica na qual, para cada direção principal, são utilizadas curvaturas reais obtidas de diagramas momentocurvatura de cada seção, sendo os efeitos de segunda ordem calculados considerando a flexão composta oblíqua; b) Integração numérica na qual, para cada direção principal é utilizada uma rigidez secante, obtida a partir dos momentos resistentes do ELU, sendo os efeitos de segunda ordem calculados ignorando-se a direção ortogonal. 2.248 seções transversais foram analisadas. Cada uma foi solicitada de 192 maneiras diferentes. A conclusão é de que o procedimento descrito no item b pode ser utilizado com segurança, desde que se utilize uma rigidez secante reduzida em 10%. / The columns of buildings are always subject to oblique bending. This study compares, in geometric L shaped cross sections, the results obtained using two calculation methods: a) Numerical integration in which, for each principal direction, the actual curvatures obtained from moment-curvature relationships of each section are used, calculating the second-order effects considering the oblique bending; b) Numerical integration in which, for each principal direction, a secant stiffness is used, obtained from the moments resistances of ULS, calculating the second-order effects ignoring the orthogonal direction. 2.248 cross sections were analyzed. Each one was solicited in 192 different ways. The conclusion is that the procedure described in item b can be safely used, provided a secant stiffness reduced to 10% is used.

Decreased food security is a major issue which influences numerous individuals in developing countries such as South Africa. Literature suggests that although detailed information is not available about the exact amount of food insecure households in South Africa, food insecurity does exist. Multiple factors influence decreased food security and households in informal settlements often portray high risks to decreased food security due to a lack of adequate resources to ensure sustainable food security. However, to the authors‟ knowledge limited information is available regarding the specific state of household food security in informal settlements in South Africa. Information regarding the influences various factors have on food security in an informal settlement is also limited. Therefore this study aimed to explore household food security in an informal settlement including the factors that could possibly contribute to food insecurity. According to literature, the pillars of food security consist of food availability, accessibility and utilisation and can contribute to a decrease in household food security or the enhancement thereof. In addition, socio-demographical factors such as income, household size and level of education can influence household food security. Based on this information, the pillars of food security and socio-demographical aspects of a household were used as possible factors that influence food security and were included as part of the theoretical framework. Utilisation as part of the food security pillars was closely explored to determine if the knowledge and suggested implementation thereof was effective and contributing to household food security. The influence of knowledge of basic food related aspects on food security were therefore determined in this, combined with the relationships between various socio-demographics and food security. Furthermore, through these findings recommendations were made on how food security can be enhanced in the households of the identified informal settlement. A quantitative research approach was used in this study. As part of non-probability sampling interviewer administered questionnaires were presented to 103 respondents at Nutrifeeds production and distribution facility in the Viljoenskroon area. Existing questionnaires and surveys relevant to this study subject were consulted to develop the questionnaire which explored demographics, food production and knowledge of food handling, utilisation, storage practices, and food security. All questionnaires were completed and the data was analysed by Statistical Consultation Services at the North-West University, Potchefstroom, using the Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results indicated that the majority of respondents possessed knowledge regarding food handling practices. Knowledge of food related aspects were indicated to be implemented accordingly, by most respondents with regard to food utilisation (preparation, hygiene and storage). It was determined that the more than two thirds of the respondents and their households were at risk of food insecurity or food insecure suggesting that a need exists for food insecurity to be addressed in this informal settlement. According to the results that were obtained in this study, food insecurity in the Viljoenskroon area, Rammulotsi informal settlement can be acknowledged. Additionally, the findings enabled the researcher to make recommendations to local businesses, clinics and local authorities regarding the enhancement of household food security in the area. The recommendations include the enhancement of knowledge regarding food related aspects, food production opportunities, food access and utilisation in the community as a means to improve the status of household food security in this informal settlement. / M Consumer Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

This research was motivated in such a way by the important presence of the theatrical activity in some stages and contexts of the life of the author (as actor, author, director and theater-educator), how much for its fidgets before the use that if has fact, many times, of the theater in come back spaces the educative intentions. Between them they are: theater to amuse (that it strengthens stigmata and preconceptions of sort, race, social classroom, etc, sufficiently spread socially), theater to educate (in the direction of moralizing, to pass a message and values that is not questioned), or, still, social theater, that if it considers to approach, in its thematic, understood questions as social problems of the world contemporary, between them: drugs, pregnancy in the adolescence, violence. These questions are treated, many times, in superficial and limited way, without a critical look and a deepened inquiry of its contradictions. It is added this, some times, the unfamiliarity and the unconcern with proper the aesthetic theatrical. From the inquiry of its proper experiences as educator in theater, the author presents and searches to analyze the pedagogical methodology procedures that come developing to the long one of these experiences, which, considering to carry through it a theater from histories of life of the involved ones in the process and from histories of its community, objectifies to contribute in such a way so that the citizen-actors they have conscience of the elements that compose aesthetic theatrical, how much for the development of its critical capacity before the boarded contents in this theater. Based for the concepts of Theater-education, Popular Theater of Militancy Politics and Theater of Selfdetermination, the author presents its methodological pillars, and brings, as form of exemplify and pressuring the cited pillars, two specific experiences that developed. One of them with students of a public school and to another one, with considered adolescents inflators, fulfilling measured judicial in freedom, in a project to socialize them. This Research also counts on depositions, in interviews, of the actors who had participated of these theatricals processes. Such processes, the author decided to call of theater education. / Esta pesquisa foi motivada tanto pela importante presença da atividade teatral em várias etapas e contextos da vida do autor (como ator, autor, diretor e teatro-educador), quanto por suas inquietações ante a utilização que se tem feito, muitas vezes, do teatro em espaços voltados a propósitos educativos. Entre elas estão: teatro para divertir (que reforça estigmas e preconceitos de gênero, raça, classe social, etc, bastante disseminados socialmente), teatro para educar (no sentido de moralizar, passar uma mensagem e valores que não são questionados), ou, ainda, o teatro social, que se propõe a abordar, em suas temáticas, questões compreendidas como problemas sociais do mundo contemporâneo, entre eles: drogas, gravidez na adolescência, violência. Essas questões são tratadas, muitas vezes, de maneira superficial e limitada, sem um olhar crítico e uma investigação aprofundada de suas contradições. Some-se a isso, algumas vezes, o desconhecimento e a despreocupação com a própria estética teatral. A partir da investigação de suas próprias experiências como educador em teatro, o autor apresenta e busca analisar os procedimentos metodológicos-pedagógicos que vem desenvolvendo ao longo dessas experiências, os quais, propõe-se a realizar um teatro a partir das histórias de vida dos envolvidos no processo e a partir das histórias de sua comunidade, objetivando contribuir tanto para que os sujeitos-atores tenham consciência dos elementos que compõem a estética teatral, quanto para o desenvolvimento de sua capacidade crítica ante os conteúdos abordados nesse teatro. Embasado pelos conceitos de Teatro-educação, Teatro Popular de Militância Política e Teatro de Autodeterminação, o autor apresenta seus pilares metodológicos, e traz, como forma de exemplificar e tensionar os referidos pilares, duas experiências específicas que desenvolveu. Uma delas com estudantes de uma escola pública e a outra, com adolescentes considerados infratores, cumprindo medida judicial em liberdade, em um Projeto de ressocialização.

O trabalho analisa as contribuições da espiritualidade e da Pastoral católicas no desenvolvimento da resiliência, em jovens de 18 a 29 anos. Define-se a resiliência como o processo comportamental ou psíquico, de superação de situações adversas e traumáticas. Pode ser motivado, impulsionado e ajudado a continuar desenvolvendo-se mediante a promoção dos fatores de proteção (externos), assim como dos pilares de resiliência (internos) do próprio jovem. Estudam-se algumas características da religiosidade/espiritualidade na juventude, no tempo atual, e discutem-se as contribuições da religiosidade/espiritualidade e da Pastoral católicas no desenvolvimento da resiliência, vinculando os elementos priorizados em publicações pastorais da Igreja Católica, com os fatores de proteção e os pilares descritos na literatura sobre resiliência. Para a pesquisa qualitativa foram escolhidos 13 jovens residentes em São Leopoldo/RS, de 21 a 29 anos de idade, católicos e com alta resiliência. A maioria esteve exposta a fatores de risco e passou por uma constelação de situações críticas e/ou traumáticas. Na literatura, os fatores de proteção que favorecem o processo de resiliência são dois: a aceitação incondicional de pelo menos uma pessoa e as redes de apoio social, formais e informais (por exemplo: família, amigos, instituições educativas, sociais, grupos e comunidades de Igreja, rede de saúde, etc.). Os pilares de resiliência possíveis de serem promovidos são: a auto-estima; algumas aptidões e competências pessoais específicas; o senso de humor; e a religiosidade/espiritualidade ou o sentido da vida. Na pesquisa de campo os jovens se autodefinem como católicos e salientam que a ajuda de Deus e da família é essencial para poderem superar situações adversas e traumáticas. Não aparecem mencionadas como significativas nem autoridades, nem lideranças católicas, e sim alguns grupos de Igreja. A maioria dos entrevistados não têm prática institucional coletiva na Igreja Católica após a Primeira Comunhão. Porém, vários frequentam outras Igrejas, sem entrar em conflito com a sua pertença católica. A oração pessoal, espontânea, nas suas casas é uma prática privilegiada e frequente. A dimensão pessoal, subjetiva e emocional é um traço da sua religiosidade/espiritualidade. O estudo analisa como a resiliência pode ser promovida através de pessoas, grupos e instituições e através das propostas pastorais, assim como as possibilidades, as perspectivas e os desafios que o tema da resiliência traz para a reflexão e o trabalho que a Igreja Católica realiza junto aos jovens, visando tanto a prevenção quanto a superação de situações adversas ou traumáticas. / The study analyses how Catholic spirituality and Catholic pastoral work contribute to the development of resilience in young people between 18 and 29 years old. Resilience is defined as a behavioural or psychological process, which entails the overcoming of adverse and traumatic situations. The promotion of the protective factors (external) and the resilience pillars (internal) of the very same youngster can motivate, prompt or help the process to continue. Some of the characteristics of current young religiosity/spirituality are studied, and the contributions to the development of resilience made by Catholic religiosity/spirituality and Catholic pastoral work are discussed, linking the elements to which the pastoral publications of the Catholic Church have given priority with the protection factors and pillars described in literature regarding resilience. For the qualitative investigation, 13 young, catholic and highly- resilience, São Leopoldo/RS residents, between 18 and 29 years old, were selected. Most of them have been exposed to risk factors and undergone a constellation of critical and/or traumatic situations. According to literature, the protection factors that favour the process of resilience are two: the unconditional acceptance of at least one person and the social support networks, formal or informal (for instance, family, friends, educational and social institutions, Church groups and communities, health network, etc.). The resilience pillars that can be promoted are: self-esteem, some specific personal abilities and competencies, sense of humour, and the religiosity/spirituality or meaning of life. In field investigation, the youngsters define themselves as Catholics and state that help from God and their families is essential to overcome adverse and traumatic situations. Catholic authorities or leaders are not mentioned as significant, but some Church groups are. Most of those interviewed do not have any collective institutional practice at the Catholic Church after the First Communion. However, many frequent other churches, without coming into conflict with their catholic identity. Personal and spontaneous prayer at home is a privileged and common practice. Personal, subjective and emotional dimension is one feature of their religiosity/spirituality. The study analyses how people, groups, institutions and pastoral proposals can promote resilience, along with the possibilities, perspectives and challenges resilience posits to the reflection and work the Catholic Church does with the young, covering both the prevention and the overcoming of adverse and traumatic situations.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:20:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ArquivoTotalVanusa.pdf: 1482772 bytes, checksum: d81d165db28e0879f6f4f02a95ce6da4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / It is a field study of exploratory, descriptive, participant and qualitative nature, whose main objective was to understand the conception of the sector managers of a public hospital about the necessary competences for a better professional performance based on the analysis of the four pillars of education for the XXI century. The theoretical foundation was grounded on Peter Segen´s theory of learning organizations and on the inherent aspects of lifelong learning, on the National Policy of Continuous Education in Health, and on professional competences, among others. The non-probabilistic and intentional sampling was comprised of sixteen managers of healthcare, administrative and support sectors of a public hospital in João Pessoa-PB. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire, a field diary, recording and filming of problematic meetings carried out with the individuals, from May to July, 2013. For interpreting the results, Bardin´s content analysis technique was used. Among the results, the following aspects were highlighted: a) in the pillar learn to know, for the managerial category, the mostly required competences are related to technical, scientific and administrative knowledge; for those who are managed, these make reference to technical and scientific knowledge; b) in the pillar learn to do, for the managers, the main competences are the skills for fulfilling the administrative activities and the actions and interventions regarding those who are managed; for the managed employees, the competences refer to the skills for performing according to the standard operational procedures; c) in the pillar learn to live together, both for the managers and for those who are managed, the most emphasized competence was the capacity to work as a team; d) in the pillar learn to be, both for the managers and for those who are managed, attitudes of humility were emphasized. It can be concluded that the challenges to hospital sector managerial activity are multiple and complex, among these the fragilities inherent to professional capacity are pointed out as the most urgent ones of multiprofessional intervention. It is recommended that planning, implementation and evaluation of education professionals actions be anchored in the educational pillars for the XXI century. / Estudo de campo, descritivo, exploratório, participante e qualitativo, cujo objetivo principal foi conhecer o posicionamento dos gerentes setoriais de uma organização pública hospitalar sobre as competências necessárias para um melhor desempenho profissional tendo como base de análise os quatro pilares da educação para o século XXI. A fundamentação teórica apoiou-se na Teoria das Organizações Aprendentes e nos aspectos inerentes à aprendizagem ao longo da vida, à Política Nacional de Educação Permanente em Saúde, às competências profissionais, entre outros. A amostra não probabilista e intencional foi composta por dezesseis gerentes dos setores assistenciais, administrativos e de apoio de um hospital público estadual de João Pessoa-PB. Os dados foram coletados através de questionário, de diário de campo, de gravação e de filmagem de reuniões educativas problematizadoras realizadas com os sujeitos, nos meses de maio e julho do ano de 2013. Para a interpretação dos resultados, usou-se a técnica de análise temática do conteúdo proposta por Bardin. Dentre os resultados, evidenciou-se o seguinte posicionamento: a) no pilar aprender a conhecer, para a categoria gerencial, as competências mais necessárias são conhecimentos técnicos, científicos e administrativos; para os gerenciados, são conhecimentos técnicos e científicos; b) no pilar aprender a fazer, para os gerentes, as principais são as habilidades para realizar as atividades administrativas, bem como as que competem aos gerenciados; para os gerenciados são as habilidades para agir conforme os procedimentos operacionais padrão; c) no pilar aprender a viver juntos, tanto para gerentes como para seus gerenciados, foi mais destacada a capacidade de trabalho em equipe; d) no pilar aprender a ser, tanto para os gerentes como para os gerenciados, enfatizaram as atitudes éticas e de humildade. Conclui-se que os desafios à atividade gerencial setorial hospitalar são múltiplos e complexos, dentre os quais as fragilidades inerentes à capacitação profissional se projetam como as mais urgentes de intervenção multiprofissional. Recomenda-se que o planejamento, a implementação e a avaliação das ações de educação sejam ancorados nos pilares da educação para o século XXI.