Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:27:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernando Rocha Sapaterro.pdf: 1519028 bytes, checksum: 20c080e2600133773a449661cfaddba7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Our thesisaims to investigate the Epicurus concept of eακαριjτης, blessedness, as belonged between gods and men, who despite the divine asribute is fact, it is unclear as human asribute. If gods and men have the same asribute we can pass from the fact to the knowledge about gods, founding a theology, since it is supported by elements of the Epicurus doctrine. First of all, we proceed searching the nature of the asribute to the asribution mode, or the possibility to pass from men to gods knowledge, by a the ology taken against filed Epicurean atheism / Nossa tese tem o intuito de investigar a noção de eακαριjτης, beatitude, em Epicuro, como atributo partilhado entre deuses e homens,que apesar de ser fato como atributo divino, é obscuro como atributo humano. Supomos que se deuses e homens partilham de um mesmo atributo é possível passar do fato ao conhecimento, firmando uma Teologia, desde que isso seja corroborado pelos elementos da doutrina de Epicuro. Procedemos, assim, investigando qual a natureza do atributo para passarmos ao modo de atribuição, ou a possibilidade da passagem do conhecimento dos homens aos deuses, por meio de uma Teologia assumida contra o impetrado ateísmo epicurista

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:38:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elaine Bortolanza.pdf: 29094458 bytes, checksum: c0cee69dfae559833c964a66709ac8da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-23 / The subject of this study is a moral web (where desire pulses for new arrangements and combinations) that consists of different elements mixed without order or criterion in a promiscuous way. In order to undo the sexuality device s knots, this study demonstrates that sexual desire is a dimension that cannot be reduced to the logic of representation. Rather it is beyond the identity politics and normative macropolitical games of the right. Desire battles insistently between: the individual and the collective; sex and the norm; bliss and love; and also I and the other . These battles form promiscuous zones. Therefore this study demonstrates two characters: the whores/prostitutes and the lovers. An empty and inconvenient sensation is experienced as we are in a zone of non-knowledge and non-recognition. This zone allows the expression of creative potential, mobilized exactly by the emptiness that occurs in the capitalist cultural regime. In the limits of the desire-sex-pleasure game zone, the concepts operate on the dynamics of affections, encounters and concrete experience. It is a game of sensations that desires sensitivity to tensions and paradoxes so that alternative ways for sexualities to vibrate can be reinvented. A fabulation concerning the metamorphosis of sexuality s minorities / A questão que se coloca na tese está entremeada na trama moral, em que o desejo pulsa por novos arranjos, combinações; trama feita de elementos diferentes, misturados sem ordem ou critério, ou seja, fabricados e constituídos de maneira promíscua. Para desemaranhar os nós do dispositivo da sexualidade, começo por mostrar que o desejo sexual é uma dimensão irredutível à lógica da representação, ao contrário, para além das políticas identitárias do jogo macropolítico do direito e da norma, o desejo batalha insistentemente neste entre: o individual e o coletivo, o sexo e a norma, o êxtase e o amor, o eu e o outro, constituindo o que chamarei de zona de promiscuidade para isso, trago duas figuras: as putas/prostitutas e os amantes. Experimenta-se uma sensação de desconforto e vazio por estarmos numa zona de não-conhecimento e não-reconhecimento, zona esta que permite a expressão de uma potência de criação, mobilizada exatamente por este vazio no regime do capitalismo cultural. Os conceitos operam na dinâmica dos afectos, nos encontros, na experiência concreta, nesta zona limite do jogo desejo-sexo-prazer um jogo de sensações cujo desejo é tornar sensíveis as tensões e os paradoxos, para que possamos reinventar outros modos de vibrar as sexualidades. Uma fabulação dos devires minoritários da sexualidade

Loin de faire seulement l'apologie des mœurs licencieuses, les romanciers libertins sont au XVIIIe siècle les artisans d'une rencontre inédite entre philosophie et la littérature. Ils sont à l'origine d'un dispositif original tant philosophique que littéraire par lequel la fiction pense et donne à penser. De Sylphe de Crébillon (1730) à I' Histoire de Juliette de Sade (1797), la grande hétérogénéité du corpus des romans libertins a pour point commun une oscillation caractéristique entre des scènes érotiques et des débats philosophiques. Plus qu'une simple réécriture de thèses philosophiques, les romans libertins proposent une manière proprement littéraire de philosopher. En déplaçant la philosophie dans le boudoir, ils offrent une expérience qui marie l'esprit et le corps, la théorie et la pratique. / Libertine novels are not only pornography. During the 18th century, they are at the root of a philosophical and literary device, where fiction reflects and inspires reflection. Although the body of Libertine novels from Crébillon's Sylphe ( 1730) to Sade's Juliette ( 1797) is very diverse, the scam that runs through it is a distinctive oscillation between erotic scenes and philosophical debates. Rather than rewriting philosophical theories, the Libertine novels offer a literary way to philophize. Those novels offer experiences to the reader. Shilling philosophy towards the “boudoir”, the Libertine novel reconcile body and mind, theory and practice.

Plaisir et santé sont deux concepts souvent opposés lorsqu’il est question d’alimentation. Néanmoins, les conséquences sur les choix alimentaires de privilégier la santé ou le plaisir ne sont pas clairement établies, en particulier chez l’enfant. Pourtant mieux appréhender chez l’enfant les déterminants des choix alimentaires favorables à la santé, ou au contraire délétères, semble primordial étant donné que les habitudes alimentaires sont formées précocement. Il apparaît donc nécessaire d’étudier comment les enfants s’approprient les considérations liées au plaisir et à la santé et dans quelle mesure celles-ci influencent leurs choix alimentaires. Pour répondre à ces questions, nous avons étudié à la fois l’influence des attitudes et du contexte sur les choix alimentaires des enfants normo-pondéraux et en surpoids. Nous avons mis en évidence que la dominance relative des bases hédoniques et nutritionnelles des attitudes implicites et/ou explicites des enfants envers l’alimentation variaient en fonction de leur âge, de leur statut pondéral et de leur milieu culturel. De plus, les enfants dont les attitudes implicites et explicites étaient les plus basées sur des considérations liées à la santé étaient ceux qui effectuaient les choix de moins bonne qualité nutritionnelle lors d’un goûter proposé au laboratoire. Néanmoins, dans certains contextes, nous avons montré que valoriser la santé pouvait conduire à des choix de meilleure qualité nutritionnelle par les enfants. Ces résultats nous ont permis d’amorcer une réflexion quant à la place que pourrait jouer le plaisir dans la promotion de comportements alimentaires favorables à la santé chez les enfants normo-pondéraux ou en surpoids. / In the food domain, pleasure and health are often viewed as two opposite sides of a coin. However, surprisingly sparse research has examined the relative influence of hedonic versus nutritional considerations on food choices, especially in children. Yet, a better understanding of the factors that underlie healthy or unhealthy eating in children is of particular importance because eating habits are early shaped. To fill this gap, we explored the relationships between hedonic- versus nutrition-based attitudes towards food, pleasure- versus health-oriented eating contexts and children’s food choices. First, our results showed that the relative dominance of nutrition- versus hedonic-based implicit and/or explicit attitudes varied by age, weight status and cultural context in children. Moreover, children with implicit and explicit nutrition-based attitudes performed the unhealthiest food choices for their afternoon snack during a buffet test in our laboratory. However, a health-oriented context has been shown to enhance healthy food choices compared to a pleasure-oriented context. Collectively, these results add to the literature regarding the determinants of children’s eating behaviors and give some interesting insights regarding the potential role of pleasure in building public health strategies to promote healthy eating behaviors among normal- and overweight children.

從來「美貌」即是女性最為關注的課題之一，而傳播媒體的推波助瀾，更助長了美貌意識的盛行，尤以標榜女性為「唯一閱聽人」的女性雜誌為最。本研究即以女性主義精神為本，試圖以兩種不同的理論觀點來解讀女性雜誌：一是以批判理論觀點來分析女性雜誌建構的「美貌」，一是用後現代理論觀點來解析女性讀者使用女性雜誌所得到的愉悅。本研究採取質性研究方法，分別採用符號學分析法來分析女性雜誌文本，以及深度訪談法對十位讀者進行讀者研究。 根據文本分析的結果，研究者將女性雜誌所象徵的美貌意涵歸類為三大項，即（一）高級出眾的時尚品味（二）完美無瑕的身體髮膚和（三）撩動人心的性感風情。女性雜誌成功地運用各種符號，交織出一個面貌單一且為男性所喜的美貌形象，並強說這一切是女性之所欲，用以召喚女性讀者。而從讀者訪談的結果發現，女性雜誌確實在其生活中扮演重要角色，帶給她們許多愉悅，是她們理想自我和生活的投射；她們也多認同女性雜誌披露的美貌論述，並身體力行，為美貌付出諸多心力。然而，她們不免落入了某些美貌迷思，而這些迷思似乎正和女性雜誌的論調如出一轍。 在後現代的氛圍中，愉悅的享受被正當化了，女人的愉悅更不再受到壓抑，擁抱愉悅，展現自我，正是時下女性致力追求的。本研究願以開放的態度來看待女性愛美的心理，也樂見女性享受閱讀女性雜誌的種種樂趣，只是在資本主義和父權體制的層層重圍之下，女性如何能活得更自在快樂，或許還有很長的一段路要走。 / "Beauty" is always one of the topics that women are most concerned with. Mass media, especially women's magazines focussing on a "women-only" audience, adds to the push for beauty consciousness. The thesis is based on the spirit of feminism, and attempts to decode women's maganizes with two different theories: first, to analyse the construction of "beauty" in women's magazines by critical theory; second, to interpret female readers' pleasure from using women's magazines by applying postmodem theory. Qualitative research methods are applied in this study by using Semiology to analyze text language in women's maganizes, and the "in-depth interview" method to research 10 readers. According to the results of text analysis, the researcher classifies the meaning of beauty in women's magazines into three categories. They are: (1) haute coutre and upscale fashion (2) perfect body (3) sensual pleasure and exquisite taste. Various signs are well exercised in women's magazines. They attract women readers by portraying a simple yet beautiful image that men prefer and advocate that this is the image that women have long pursued. From the interviews by the 10 readers, we found that female magazines play a key role and gives women pleasure in their daily lives. These magazines put up an ideal image that they can strive for. The readers are able to identify with the images created by the women's magazines and are devoted to working towards it. However, they are also inevitably sucker into a beauty myth that magazines try to paint. Amid post-modern context, pursuing pleasure is justified. Women are no more being suppressed in pursuing pleasure and engaging in self-development, which are what modern female have long endeavoured. The thesis attempts to look at the psychological aspect of what women expect from their beauty consciousness and the pleasure they derive from female magazines. However, under pressure from capitalism and patriarchy, there might be still a long way to go before women can live a free and happy life.

Qu’est-ce qui motive les élèves en éducation physique ? Comment donner l’envie aux élèves de participer et d’apprendre ? Ces questions fondamentales font partie des préoccupations quotidiennes de l’ensemble des intervenants en milieu scolaire, dont l’un des rôles est de susciter l’envie d’agir chez des jeunes qui n’ont, le plus souvent, pas décidé d’être là. Quel enseignant ne s’est jamais heurté aux refus d’élèves de participer à l’activité proposée ? Les théories de la motivation, dont celle de l’auto-détermination (Deci & Ryan, 2002), ont permis de mettre en évidence quelques éléments de réponses. Parmi ceux-ci se trouve l’idée qu’il faut soutenir le plus souvent possible l’autonomie des élèves en leur offrant la possibilité d’exprimer leurs opinions, de faire des choix, de prendre des responsabilités, de négocier. Ce travail doctoral vise à questionner ces pratiques de soutien à l’autonomie et, plus précisément, les effets des négociations « professeur-élèves », intégratives et distributives, dans le cours d’éducation physique. La théorie de l’auto-détermination et le modèle hiérarchique de la motivation extrinsèque et intrinsèque de Vallerand (1997) constituent l’assise théorique nécessaire pour questionner les effets des différentes formes de négociation professeur-élèves sur la motivation auto-déterminée des élèves en éducation physique. A partir d’une méthodologie mixte où une première étude quantitative a été menée avec l’objectif de tester un modèle de motivation qui postulait l’existence de liens entre les négociations, les besoins psychologiques, la motivation auto-déterminée et trois conséquences spécifiques, à savoir la perception d’avoir appris, la perception de plaisir et l’intention de pratiquer une activité physique et sportive en dehors de l’école. Les données ont été collectées auprès de 549 élèves (317 garçons et 232 filles) de l’enseignement secondaire supérieur en Communauté française de Belgique qui ont répondu à un questionnaire comprenant notamment l’échelle de négociations perçues en EP qui a été construite et validée dans ce travail. Les analyses en pistes causales ont révélé que les élèves qui percevaient davantage de négociations intégratives éprouvaient des niveaux de perception d’autonomie et d’appartenance sociale élevés. A contrario, la négociation distributive en faveur de l’enseignant est associée négativement avec la perception d’autonomie et les formes de motivation auto-déterminée. Par ailleurs, les résultats mettent en évidence que les perceptions d’autonomie et de compétence influencent positivement les motivations dites auto-déterminées, qui à leurs tours prédisent positivement les trois conséquences du modèle. Fort de ces résultats et conscients de certaines limites rencontrées dans notre première approche, nous avons réalisé une seconde étude, de nature qualitative, auprès de 11 élèves du secondaire. Cette recherche visait, à la fois, à mieux comprendre la complexité et la dynamique du processus motivationnel de l’élève mais aussi à identifier des différences potentielles entre les filles et les garçons. Cette étude, basée sur des entretiens semi-directifs, a permis d’apporter de la profondeur et de la nuance dans notre compréhension du processus motivationnel des élèves. Globalement, les résultats soutiennent la théorie de l’auto-détermination et mettent en évidence d’une part les effets positifs joués par la négociation intégrative et d’autre part les effets négatifs de la négociation distributive en faveur de l’enseignant. Les implications pour les acteurs de terrain qui découlent de ces résultats sont également discutées dans ce travail.

This study explores older adolescents’ positive and negative beliefs about illicit drug use from a preventive perspective. By positive beliefs is meant positive expectancies and benefit perceptions. By negative beliefs is meant negative expectancies and risk perceptions. The choice of studying beliefs originates from the assumption that there is much to gain for prevention in considering the target audience’s starting point. An appraisal of the extent to which positive and negative beliefs are held suggests the margins for change. The data used for the study derive from a survey conducted among a sample of third-year students in upper secondary school in the greater Stockholm area (n=2104). Overall, findings demonstrate that high negative beliefs are held and that positive beliefs to some extent are held. While this being the general trend, marked differences emerge between individuals who have used illicit drugs and individuals who have not. By and large, experienced individuals rate the negative sides as lower and the positive sides as higher than the other group. Substantial differences are found among lifetime users of illicit drugs as well. Those who have used illicit drugs more frequently during the last 12 months differ in particular from those who have refrained during this period. The differences are dramatic in some cases. In addition, consistent differences are documented between the sexes. Males are found to hold lower negative beliefs and higher positive beliefs across most measures employed. Few systematic relationships are found between other variables and outcomes. Plausible explanations for the findings are discussed theoretically and potential implications for drug prevention are highlighted. A saturation hypothesis is introduced in order to accentuate that the overall room for change in negative beliefs probably is limited. Conversely, the fact that positive beliefs are held to a certain degree suggests a belief domain with change potential.

According to the Canadian Study of Health and Aging most of the 12,630 Canadians living with advanced dementia reside in long-term care facilities. This number is rising due to an aging population. The purpose of this study is to address an identified gap in our knowledge about what creates pleasure in people with advanced dementia, through first understanding family caregivers’ ways of eliciting and interpreting positive emotions in their relatives and then having the personal support worker (PSW) try these same approaches to see if similar responses are achieved. This study used a qualitative multiple case study design. Data collection methods included digitally recorded interviews and video-recorded observations of interactions between residents and caregivers. A case is defined as a resident with moderately to severely advanced dementia. Each case had two informants: a family member and a PSW meeting inclusion criterion. There were seven cases. The resident participants spanned a range from moderately advanced to severely advanced dementia. Data analysis used both inductive and deductive coding with sensitizing concepts of selfhood, personhood, continuity of personality and well-being. The results of this study centred on four main themes related to the research questions about the sources and indicators of pleasure and the potential for PSWs to replicate what family members did with residents. Some sources of pleasure were lost, some were maintained and new ones developed post-illness in all of the residents. Both family members and PSWs were knowledgeable about sources and indicators of pleasure for the people with dementia they were involved with. The analysis demonstrated that for individuals with very advanced dementia, the concept of pleasure or enjoyment is not applicable. The family members of the two residents with very advanced dementia used music, touch and sweets to elicit a pleasurable response but the resident did not display indicators of pleasure in response; instead, the residents responded with grasping or other responses which require further research to understand fully. Future research should build upon these findings in order to further understand the concept of positive affect: pleasure, interest and enjoyment in people with advanced dementia of the Alzheimer type.

According to the Canadian Study of Health and Aging most of the 12,630 Canadians living with advanced dementia reside in long-term care facilities. This number is rising due to an aging population. The purpose of this study is to address an identified gap in our knowledge about what creates pleasure in people with advanced dementia, through first understanding family caregivers’ ways of eliciting and interpreting positive emotions in their relatives and then having the personal support worker (PSW) try these same approaches to see if similar responses are achieved. This study used a qualitative multiple case study design. Data collection methods included digitally recorded interviews and video-recorded observations of interactions between residents and caregivers. A case is defined as a resident with moderately to severely advanced dementia. Each case had two informants: a family member and a PSW meeting inclusion criterion. There were seven cases. The resident participants spanned a range from moderately advanced to severely advanced dementia. Data analysis used both inductive and deductive coding with sensitizing concepts of selfhood, personhood, continuity of personality and well-being. The results of this study centred on four main themes related to the research questions about the sources and indicators of pleasure and the potential for PSWs to replicate what family members did with residents. Some sources of pleasure were lost, some were maintained and new ones developed post-illness in all of the residents. Both family members and PSWs were knowledgeable about sources and indicators of pleasure for the people with dementia they were involved with. The analysis demonstrated that for individuals with very advanced dementia, the concept of pleasure or enjoyment is not applicable. The family members of the two residents with very advanced dementia used music, touch and sweets to elicit a pleasurable response but the resident did not display indicators of pleasure in response; instead, the residents responded with grasping or other responses which require further research to understand fully. Future research should build upon these findings in order to further understand the concept of positive affect: pleasure, interest and enjoyment in people with advanced dementia of the Alzheimer type.

Det har uppmärksammat att det fortfarande förekommer tenn och koppar från båtbottenfärg på fritidsbåtars skrov trots förbud av båtbottenfärger med tennföreningen TBT sedan 1989 och reglering av kopparbaserade färger sedan 1999.Syftet med denna kandidatuppsats är att ge en dagslägesrapport vad gäller förekomst av tenn och koppar på fritidsbåtars skrov.Under våren 2011 har tester på 336 fritidsbåtar i tre vattenområden gjorts med hjälp av en handhållen XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence, röntgenfluorescens) som genom avläsning av en yta visar halter av olika grundämnen. Testerna utfördes på vinterförvarade fritidsbåtar <12 m hos båtklubbar vid Mälaren, Storsjön och Härnösandskusten. Undersökningen visar att 73 % av båtarna i denna undersökning har halter av tenn och/eller koppar överstigande >2500 ppm, vilket är det för rapporten satta riktvärdet. Det innebär att de skulle kunna tas vidare till kemisk testning med till exempel gaskromatografi kopplad till masspektrometri (GC-MS) för att avgöra exakt vilken substans färgen innehåller. Resultatet visar också att användningen av tennfärger antingen fortfarande förekommer i liten skala eller att gamla tennfärger är så pass starka att de ger utslag genom övermålade färglager. Kopparfärg verkar användas både vid ostkusten och i insjöar.Antifoulingsystem som kan ersätta bottenfärg blir allt vanligare och det dyker upp fler och fler mer miljövänliga alternativ på marknaden. Det vanligaste alternativa systemet, båttvättar, blir dock mindre miljövänligt i och med förekomst av gammal färg innehållande skadliga substanser som tvättas av i båtborsttvättar med starkt bristfällig uppsamling och rening av avfallet/slammet. / It has been noticed that tin and copper are still present in antifouling paints residing on the hulls of leisure boats, in spite of a ban of TBT-based paints since 1989 and strict regulations regarding copper-based paints since 1999.This bachelor thesis aims to give the reader a view of the current situation regarding the presence of tin and copper on the hull of leisure boats.During the spring of 2011, 336 leisure boats in three different waters were tested with a hand-held XRF analyzer (X-Ray Fluorescence). After scanning the surface of a hull the machine displays the paint’s proportions of basic elements. Testing was performed on leisure boats, winter-stored at yacht clubs connected to the lakes Mälaren, Storsjön and the coast of Härnösand. In this study 73 % of the tested boats show levels of tin and/or copper exceeding the (for this essay) set limits of 2500 parts per million, which means they could qualify for further testing, gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for example, to determine the exact substances in the paints. The results also show that tin-based paints are either still in use, albeit in small scale, or that they are strong enough to detect through another layer(s) of paint. Copper-based paints seem to be used both along the east coast and in fresh-water lakes.More and more alternative antifouling systems that are capable of replacing paints while being more environmentally friendly are reaching the market. The most common alternative, to wash the boat with brushes or with a high-pressure water jet, is somewhat less environmentally friendly when the boat is painted with harmful substances and the facilities lack proper collection and sanitation of the wastewater.