Swedish society is characterized by trust and confidence in authorities. In connecting with society changing and becoming more multicultural, shortcomings and mistrust against authorities have become increasingly common. The police are seen as a threat and are subjected to threats. The threats are a consequence of repeated situations where discrimination and special treatment of certain groups of people took place rather than being treated with respect and helpfulness. The aim of the study was to investigate to what extent experiences, in terms of meetings and interactions, shape young adults' attitudes towards the police. Furthermore, we wanted to find out whether geographical residence area plays a role in an individual's attitudes, and if so, in what way. Earlier research shows that the pronounced value base of the police and guidelines do not always agree with their treatment of and contacts with all groups of people. Through qualitative interviews with young adults, living in different areas of Gothenburg, it emerges that previous experiences of police actions have the greatest significance for the young adults' attitudes towards the work of the police. / Det svenska samhället utmärks av tillit och förtroende för myndigheter. I samband med att samhället förändrats och blivit mer mångkulturellt har brister och misstro mot myndigheter blivit allt vanligare. Polisen ses som ett hot och utsätts för hot. Hotet är en konsekvens av upprepade situationer där diskriminering och särbehandling av vissa grupper av människor ägt rum. Syftet med studien är att undersöka i vilken grad erfarenheter, i form av möten och interaktioner, präglar unga vuxnas attityder till polisen. Vidare vill vi undersöka om geografisk bosättning spelar roll för en individs attityd och i så fall på vilket sätt. Tidigare forskning visar att polisens egen formulerade värdegrund och riktlinjer inte avspeglas i kontakt med alla grupper. Det finns en skillnad i behandling, bemötande och tillit. Genom kvalitativa intervjuer med unga vuxna, bosatta i olika områden i Göteborg, framkommer att tidigare erfarenheter av polisers agerande har störst betydelse för de unga vuxnas attityder till polisens arbete.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jorge Carlos Carrasco.pdf: 858437 bytes, checksum: dc8f70d6f288566e14679b4408f8e985 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-23 / The aim of this research was the analysis on the historical aspects of Human Rights and Public Safety applied to the activities of the Police within the Public Safety in the State. With respect to Human Rights, the concretion of citizenship in a Democratic State of Law passes by the role of the police - guaranteeing the social stability - in the investigation of criminal offenses, which should perform their duties in accordance with legal requirements, always grounded in the reflections that its actions could cause for the society. Thus, the analysis of the method of ostentatious, community and preventive policing expert, proactive action, consist of operational actions, the result of decomposition of certain criminal situations previously located, which should produce reduced sense of impunity. The studies were inspired by the Constitution of Brazil, in international and infra-constitucional treaties, considering the Fundamental Rights and Guarantees, Human Rights aimed at society and individuals that brighten the police actions. The Civil and Military Police, members of government agencies with roles and own specific regulations, are tasked to perform specialized ostensive and preventive policing, reflected on administrative law, stressing the duty of effectiveness and efficiency as the purpose of the public security organ. The proper profile of the acting professional in this procedure was described, highlighting the background and personal qualities necessary for the proper performance of the activity. We conducted, in a shortly panel, the effects of this form of policing in other countries and the relations of the officers responsible for it with the media. Brazil, guided by Democratic State of Law, since 1988, goes in search of a peaceful awareness among all citizens. And also advances in the search for structures, which reassure peace, strong, legalistic and legitimate. One of these structures is the Public Security, in this research highlighted in its operating agencies - Civil and Military Police. The adoption of specialized and intelligent policing, fully compliant and respectful of fundamental human rights standards, has as immediate goal, the reduction of violence, save lives by and large, cause a healthier, more peaceful and more respectful environment. If the institutions fail to function or become part of the problems, or even if the solution they present is not good or healthy, we have to change, replace, and, renew them. In pursuit of this innovation, the most important is the effective involvement of all police officers with Education, respecting the Fundamental Rights, Human Rights because only then you will get success in your institution, briefly, with effective crime prevention. We conclude that all these elements boots to a better, more humane, fairer and social world / Objetivou-se nesta pesquisa a análise sobre os aspectos históricos dos direitos humanos e segurança pública aplicados às atividades das polícias que integram a segurança pública no Estado. Com respeito aos direitos humanos, a concretização da cidadania num Estado Democrático de Direito passa pelo papel da polícia garantidora da estabilidade social na apuração das infrações penais, a qual deve desempenhar suas funções de acordo com as prescrições legais, sempre pautadas nos reflexos que sua atuação pode causar à sociedade. Assim, a análise do método de policiamento ostensivo, comunitário e preventivo especializado, uma ação proativa, consiste em atos operacionais, resultado da decomposição de certas situações criminais previamente localizadas, que deverão reduzir a sensação de impunidade. Os estudos foram inspirados na Constituição Federal de 1988, nos tratados internacionais e na legislação infraconstitucional, considerando-se os direitos e garantias fundamentais, os direitos humanos e os indivíduos que iluminam as ações policiais. As polícias civil e militar, órgãos integrantes da administração pública, com funções e regramentos próprios, são encarregadas de efetuar o policiamento ostensivo e preventivo especializado, refletido sobre o direito administrativo, realçando o dever de eficácia e eficiência como finalidade do órgão de segurança pública. Descreveu-se o perfil adequado ao profissional que atua nesse procedimento, com realce à sua formação e às qualidades pessoais necessárias para o bom desempenho da atividade policial. Um breve painel demonstra os efeitos dessa forma de policiamento em outros países e as relações dos policiais responsáveis por ele com a mídia. O Brasil, norteado pelo Estado Democrático de Direito, desde 1988, caminha em busca de uma consciência pacífica entre todos os cidadãos. Avança na procura de estruturas asseguradoras da paz, fortes, legalistas e legítimas. Uma destas estruturas é a segurança pública, nesta pesquisa, realçada em seus órgãos operacionais polícia civil e polícia militar. A adoção de policiamento especializado e inteligente, inteiramente cumpridor e respeitador das normas fundamentais de direitos humanos, tem por objetivo imediato reduzir a violência, salvar vidas em geral, proporcionar um ambiente mais saudável, pacífico e respeitoso. Se as instituições deixam de funcionar, passam a ser parte dos problemas, ou se a solução que apresentam não é boa, sadia, temos que mudá-las, substituí-las, inová-las. Na busca dessa inovação, o mais importante é o envolvimento eficaz de todos os policiais com a educação, respeitando os direitos fundamentais e os direitos humanos, pois só assim obterá o sucesso de sua instituição com a efetiva prevenção do crime. Conclui-se que todos esses elementos contribuem para um mundo melhor, mais humano, mais justo e mais social

MPM / Oliver Tambo Institute of Governance and Policy Studies / The study investigates the management of traffic law in Limpopo Province with specific reference to Vhembe District and explore possible solutions to the challenges facing Vhembe District in the management of traffic law. Road transport safety, particularly enforcement of traffic laws is challenging globally, especially in developing countries, where it affects both road users and governments. Due to a number of reasons the subculture of traffic and other law enforcement agents is not always viewed in a favorable light. Media reports and newspaper articles give evidence of a total disregard for law enforcement and lack of respect for law enforcement officials. The study used both quantitative and qualitative techniques for data collection and analysis. The Quantitative techniques were mostly used in that they provided the researcher with an understanding of experiences and challenges facing traffic officers in the management of traffic law in Limpopo Province with specific reference to Vhembe District. A simple random and purposive sample was used for selection of a sample population. A purposive sampling technique will be employed in selection study participants of qualitative method. A sample of 50 traffic officers was randomly selected for the survey and 10 traffic chiefs and principals were purposively selected for the interviews. The study found that of lack of good managerial skills, lack of motivation to work, shortage of staff, lack of modern equipment and lack of training as challenges. The treatment of traffic offenses as “petty” by the Department of Justice and in particular magistrates was also identified as a major challenge. The study recommends that the Department of Transport Management should provide traffic police officials with sufficient resources and equipment at the traffic police stations in order to perform optimally. / NRF

Begreppet psykologisk trygghet har visat sig vara en faktor som påverkar om personal trivs och stannar på arbetsplatsen. Begreppet innebär hur tryggt det upplevs att visa sig sårbar i en grupp och vad det får för konsekvenser. Forskning om poliskultur har visat att den karaktäriseras av tradition och rigida normer, vilket påverkar beteenden i gruppen. Den aktuella studien syftade till att undersöka hur nyblivna poliser upplever psykologisk trygghet i sin arbetsgrupp, samt hur de beskriver normer i förhållande till detta. Åtta deltagare intervjuades med en semistrukturerad intervjuguide baserad på Edmondsons teori om psykologisk trygghet samt forskning på poliskultur. Datat analyserades med reflexiv tematisk analys. Majoriteten av deltagarna upplevde att humor var ett framträdande sätt att hantera svåra upplevelser, men det fanns även behov av annat typ av stöd. De flesta deltagare upplevde att det var viktigt att visa sårbar för att lära sig yrket, samt att det påverkade relationerna i arbetsgruppen positivt, men flera upplevde det även som skrämmande och skamfyllt. Deltagarnas beskrivningar av arbetsgruppens normer, och deras förhållande till dem, verkade påverka upplevelsen av psykologisk trygghet. Normbrytande beteende sanktionerades, vilket avskräckte från framtida normbrytande. Resultaten stärker teorierna om att psykologisk trygghet är förenat med lärandebeteende och att poliskulturen är traditionsbunden. Psykologisk trygghet kan vara en bidragande faktor till att få poliser att trivas och stanna inom yrket. / Psychological safety has been shown to affect employees’ job satisfaction and turnover intention. The term “psychological safety” means how safe one feels in showing vulnerability in a group and the consequences it might bring. Research has shown that police culture is characterized by traditionality and rigid norms, which affects group behaviour. The present study aimed to examine how new police officers’ experience psychological safety within their work group. Eight police officers were interviewed with a semistructured interview guide based on Edmondson’s theory of psychological safety and literature on police culture. The data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Most participants found humour to be a pronounced coping strategy for negative experiences, but there was a need for alternative ways of coping. Most participants found showing vulnerability to be essential for learning the police role, and that these behaviours had a positive effect on relationships within the work group, even though several found showing vulnerability frightening and shameful. The participants’ descriptions of the norms within the work group, and how well you fit into them, affected their experience of psychological safety. Breaking norms in the group was often followed by sanctions, which disencouraged similar future behaviour. The findings in this study support existing research on the link between psychological safety and learning behaviour and on police culture being governed by traditions. Psychological safety could be a contributing factor to keeping police officers satisfied so that they might stay within their line of work.

Police officer has been conventionally regarded as a masculine occupation, where values such as strength, aggressivity and, bravery are commemorated. In Sweden, a country that is highly regarded for its gender equality status, understanding how police officers navigate gendered expectations is crucial to understand the implications of gender in policing. The aim of this thesis is to understand the role of masculinity in the everyday practices that define a police officer. For this purpose, a process of triangulation combines discourse analysis of the National education plan for police and the three videos from the campaign “Are you ready for a bigger assignment?” [“Är du redo för en större upgift?”], together with the narrative interviews of six police officers. The findings show that masculinity works as a normative standard in police work and influences narratives and role constructions of crime and justice. Policewomen are excluded through the diffusion of stories about risky situations, discursive gendered boundaries and ‘punishing’ feminine practices.