Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-12-02T11:48:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Martin Duarte de Oliveira.pdf: 542421 bytes, checksum: b1d0b27882021d48796843f9dc6a3760 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-02T11:48:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Martin Duarte de Oliveira.pdf: 542421 bytes, checksum: b1d0b27882021d48796843f9dc6a3760 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-04 / The striped mealybug, Ferrisia virgata Cockerell (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), was recently recorded naturally occurring in differnt cotton fields in Brazil. Aiming a proper control of this insect is essential to obtain information about the life history of the pest on cotton plants and the interactions with this host plant under variable conditions of its environment. This work evaluated the population growth and verified the within-plant distribution of different stages of the pest using four cotton cultivars. Further, development and reproduction of the mealybug was determined under varied conditions of temperature (25, 27, and 28°C), mating status, and host plant condition regarding nitrogen fertilization and water stress. The cotton plants were artificially infested with neonate nymphs and the number of females and the total of individuals were recorded after 25 and 50 days, respectively. Also, the offspring production was evaluated using the factitious host and cotton plants with or without subjecting the plants to water stress with mated and unmated females. The rate of mealybug establishment on cotton plants from artificial infestation, development, type of reproduction, number of offspring produced and their sex ratio was determined on cotton plant submitted to nitrogen fertilization and water stress. The withinplant distribution of F. virgata is characterized with mealybugs being found in all plant strucutres for second generation of offspring with a numerical growth superior to 412 folds and similar across all four cotton cultivars studied. The temperatures of 27 and 28°C were favorable to the development and reproduction of F.virgata, while the nymphal viability was superior at 25oC. Under our studied conditions, F. virgata female exhibited only sexual reproduction, hence, with offspring production only by mated females, while unmated females die without offspring production. The offspring production was twice greater on plants subjected to water stress and with successive N fertilizations. Thus, we can conclude that the information generated with this work brings contribution to the knowledge of the potential of this species to reach the status of cotton pest. / A cochonilha-de-listra, Ferrisia virgata Cockerell (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), foi recentemente constatada no Brasil infestando lavouras de algodão. Em busca do manejo adequado desta cochonilha é fundamental conhecer a sua habilidade em se desenvolver no algodoeiro, bem como a influência das condições ambientais e do habitat na susceptibilidade da planta. Assim, foi avaliado o crescimento populacional e verificada a distribuição de F. virgata em quatro cultivares de algodão. Além disso, avaliou-se o desenvolvimento desta cochonilha em regime variável de temperatura, o tipo de reprodução, bem como o seu desempenho em plantas de algodão submetidas à adubação nitrogenada e ao déficit hídrico. Plantas de algodoeiro foram infestadas com ninfas neonatas, sendo verificado, aos 25 e 50 dias após a infestação, o número de fêmeas e total de indivíduos, respectivamente. O desenvolvimento de F. virgata foi monitorado quando criada em folhas de algodão a 25, 27 e 28 °C, e o tipo de reprodução averiguado quando criada sobre o hospedeiro alternativo (abóbora) e plantas de algodão submetidas ou não ao déficit hídrico. Além disso, foram determinados o estabelecimento, desenvolvimento, produção de descendentes e razão sexual em plantas submetidas ou não a adubações nitrogenadas e ao déficit hídrico. F. virgata apresenta crescimento numérico superior a 412 vezes em uma geração, sendo semelhante entre as cultivares de algodão BRS Rubi, BRS Safira, BRS Verde e CNPH 7H, e se distribui por toda planta de algodão. As temperaturas de 27 e 28°C foram as mais favoráveis ao desenvolvimento e reprodução de F. virgata, enquanto que a 25oC foi observada maior viabilidade para a fase ninfal. A reprodução de F. virgata, nas condições do estudo, foi apenas sexuada. O número de descendentes foi duas vezes maior em plantas submetidas a sucessivas adubações nitrogenadas e ao déficit hídrico. Com isto, conclui-se que as informações oriundas deste trabalho contribuem para o conhecimento do potencial que esta espécie tem para atingir o status de praga do algodoeiro.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-06-28T18:33:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 danielelimadeoliveira.pdf: 3662270 bytes, checksum: 3600b43cd6b527067bd6e7735728f95d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-07T21:47:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 danielelimadeoliveira.pdf: 3662270 bytes, checksum: 3600b43cd6b527067bd6e7735728f95d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-07T21:47:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 danielelimadeoliveira.pdf: 3662270 bytes, checksum: 3600b43cd6b527067bd6e7735728f95d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-09 / Atualmente, o mundo abriga aproximadamente 7 bilhões de pessoas. A capacidade da produção de alimentos, dado que este número continuará a se expandir, é uma preocupação recorrente na pauta desta dissertação. Neste contexto, a terra é um dos principais fatores afetados, uma vez que a expansão urbana invade espaços agricultáveis e, em contrapartida, a demanda pelo uso da mesma para produção de alimentos aumenta conforme a população cresce. Dadas as magnitudes e as especificidades deste problema, torna-se fundamental que os países aufiram ganhos de produtividade como uma forma de garantir a manutenção da oferta de alimentos. O principal objetivo desta dissertação é o de mensurar os impactos do crescimento populacional sobre a produção agrícola de alimentos e demanda dos fatores de produção para o período de 2011-2030. Para este fim, a pesquisa faz, inicialmente, a desagregação do mundo em conjuntos de países, classificando-os apenas por seu grau de semelhança nas atividades agrícolas. A estes conjuntos deu-se o nome de Blocos Econômicos Agrícolas (BEA). A articulação das técnicas da Análise de Cluster e da Análise Discriminante permitiu chegar à configuração final de sete BEA, para o ano de 2011. Os dados das projeções da população foram estimados pela Divisão Populacional das Nações Unidas sob oito hipóteses de fertilidade. Cada uma destas se constituiu em um cenário de simulação. Para a implementação dos choques de população, foi utilizado o modelo de Equilíbrio Geral Computável, o Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP). Os principais resultados revelam que, com a expansão da população, o preço da terra aumentaria e, em contrapartida, a demanda por este fator diminuiria, assim como a sua disponibilidade para o uso. Além disso, a demanda e a produção de alimentos cresceriam. No entanto, as commodities agrícolas seriam produzidas, principalmente, para o consumo interno, mesmo com ganhos de produtividade, os países teriam maior dependência do comércio internacional. Os países com os menores níveis de crescimento populacional poderiam ser considerados como os “fomentadores mundiais de alimentos” pois seriam os principais exportadores de commodities agrícolas para todos os blocos. / Today, the world is home to approximately 7 billion people. The capacity of food production, as this number will continue to expand, is a recurring concern in the agenda of this dissertation. In this context, land is one of the main factors affected, since urban sprawl invades arable spaces and, in contrast, the demand for its use for food production increases as the population grows. Given the magnitudes and specificities of this problem, it is crucial that countries obtain productivity gains as a way of ensuring the maintenance of food supply. The main objective of this dissertation is to measure the impacts of population growth on agricultural food production and production factors demand for the periods 2011-2020, 20112025 and 2011-2030. To this end, research initially disaggregates the world into sets of countries, classifying them only by their degree of similarity in agricultural activities. These groups were called Agricultural Economic Blocks (BEA). The articulation of the techniques of Cluster Analysis and Discriminant Analysis made it possible to arrive at the final configuration of seven BEAs for the year 2011. Data on population projections were estimated by the United Nations Population Division under eight fertility hypotheses. Each of these was a simulation scenario. For the implementation of the population shocks, the Computable General Equilibrium model, the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) was used. The main results show that with population expansion, the price of land will increase and, on the other hand, the demand for the factor will decrease as well as its availability for use. In addition, demand and food production will increase. However, agricultural commodities will be produced mainly for domestic consumption and even with gains in productivity, countries will have greater dependence on international trade. Countries with the lowest levels of population growth may be considered as "world food developers" as they will be the main exporters of agricultural commodities for all blocks.

Population development and emigration of Maghreb's countries Abstract The main aim of diploma thesis is to map the migratory situation and trends of all area since 1990 up to the present in context of the population development in region of Maghreb's countries. This all is in connection with the population growth of the states - natural and total. Apart from the analysis of the whole Maghreb as one unit, the demographic parameters are in detail assessed on the example Tunisia. It is estimated that migratory streams of the inhabitants of North Africa's countries are largely directed to Europe. The analasis is focused on the breakdown of the target countries, emigrants and on changes during the reporting period. The analasis uses conventional demographic indicators, its own methods of processing often difficult available data at the same time and empirical investigation. The initial basis of analyzing given issues show the theoretical conception of population development in Arabic countries, with emphasis on demographic transition and dependent migratory transition. Analysis revealed that none of Maghreb's countries has not yet completed demographic transition, the second stage of the demographic transition since 2000 suspended. Keywords: migration, migratory trends, population development, population growth,...

A statement of Harvard economists about the impact of demographic variables on the East Asian economic growth, often called "economic miracle", raised many discussions about the sources of economic growth. In this work, I focus on the historical development of the mainstream opinions on the field of demographic-economic relations and the role of the demographic characteristics in the economic growth models. This paper uses graphics tools to analyse the changes in mortality, fertility, dependecy ratios and age structures in four Asian countries (Hongkong, Singapore, South Korea and Japan). These demographics values prepared the basis for their rapid economic development. I compare empirical results of Kelley and Schmidt model, Bloom model and Mishra model to make a conclusion of what is the impact of demographic variables on the economic growth and how they contribute to the total economic growth. Finally, I draw the attention to the macroeconomic interventions with detailed focus on domestic savings, labour market flexibility and human capital investments.

In introductory biology, college students are taught to predict how populations will grow and change over time by using population growth models. These models are commonly represented as mathematical equations. However, students consistently struggle when math and biology concepts intersect in the classroom, and these struggles lead to suboptimal understanding of how mathematical population models are designed and used. Education literature suggests that students may struggle with population modeling because of math anxiety, the high cognitive load of the task, and the lack of scaffolding for abstract concepts. In our study, we sought to improve student mastery modeling exponential growth, logistic growth, and Lotka-Volterra predator-prey interactions through using pictorial diagrams in modeling pedagogy. We predicted that these diagrams would reduce the amount of triggered math anxiety, lower the cognitive load of the task through reducing element interactivity, and allow for a more scaffolding for abstract symbols through a pictorial representation bridge. To test the effectiveness of population diagrams, we created two versions of a population modeling lesson plan: one version taught using diagrams then equations, while the other taught using purely equations. We also designed practice and assessment questions that tested calculation and model-building ability. We assessed math anxiety, scientific reasoning ability, and math ability at the beginning of the semester and state anxiety, effort of tasks, and difficulty of tasks during each lesson. Over 200 students from a non-major biology course were randomly assigned to each group, and all were given a pre-assessment, four lessons, a practice test, and a unit test on population modeling. Our findings show that while the addition of pictorial models to the traditional pedagogy did not have a significant effect on exponential and logistic growth model mastery, students that were exposed to predator-prey diagrams were more able to create a new model for a three-level predator-prey interaction than students that were only given traditional pedagogy. In addition, students who were exposed to predator-prey interaction diagrams before they derived equations reported a lower cognitive load than students who were only exposed to equations. Although diagrams were not a more helpful calculation tool for students than traditional equations, using population diagrams before to equation derivation may help improve student mastery of growth model creation.

Previous studies raise debates on which factors significantly affect the economic growth in different countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, the purpose of our study is to examine and analyze how the selected macroeconomic factors can have different effects on economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa. To concretize this, a panel data and regression analysis have been applied to 36 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa during the period of 2006-2019. The thesis is composed of data over corruption index, foreign direct investment (FDI), GDP per capita growth, population growth, education, economic freedom, and socioeconomic indicators such as political rights. To investigate these factors various macroeconomics theories have been applied, such as the Solow, Romer and Kremerian model, which explains the impact of population growth andeducation on economic growth. Moreover, the Electric Paradigm (OLI), the Institutional theory and some previous studies have been used to explain the effect of corruption, FDI, economic freedom, and political rights on economic growth. A linear regression model was made in the econometric panel data analysis to investigate the selected factors. The result of this study shows that population growth and economic freedom have a significant impact on economic growth. Other factors, however, were statistically nonsignificant.

Die starke Bevölkerungsvermehrung in vielen Ländern der Erde entwickelt sich zu einer Apokalypse. In Syrien hat sich die Bevölkerung seit 1950 fast versiebenfacht, im Kongo versechsfacht, in Afghanistan, Nigeria, Liberia, Libyen u.v.a. vervierfacht. In allen muslimischen Ländern zusammen ist die Bevölkerung vom Anfang zum Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts von 150 Mill. auf 1.200 Mill. angestiegen – eine Verachtfachung. Bevölkerungsvermehrung kann zu dramatischen, existenzbedrohenden, fürchterlichen Konsequenzen für ein Land führen. In dem folgenden Bericht werden die Wege erläutert, auf denen sich existenzbedrohende Bevölkerungsvermehrungen wieder bereinigen. Es wird deutlich, dass viele Länder sehr unguten Zeiten entgegengehen, die große Angst machen können.

The purpose of this study has been to investigate and analyze the factors that contribute toeconomic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa. Many previous studies done on my subject havecome to different results, as many factors may have either a positive or a negative effect oneconomic growth. The study has also applied appropriate macroeconomic theories to be ableto draw a connection between economic growth and growth factors. The study consists of a dependent variable which is growth and 7 independent variableswhich are as follows: corruption, education, health, trade, foreign direct investment (FDI),economic freedom, and population growth.In order to be able to explain the study's factors on economic growth, growth theories havebeen applied, i.e. Solow and Romer models as well as Kremerian models that explain theimpact which population growth, education, and health have on economic growth. Inaddition, the electrical paradigm (OLI), and institutional theory have been applied to explainthe effects of FDI, economic freedom, and corruption.The collected data applied in the study is taken from various types of databases, including The World Bank, Transparency International, UNDP, and the Fraser Institute. I will examine20 out of a total of 48 possible countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and the study is limited to athirteen-year time period between the years 2006-2019.In order to investigate how the studied factors affect the economic growth in Sub-Saharan,the study was based on a fixed effect model that is implemented in the econometric analysisof the panel data. The final results of the study demonstrate that economic freedom andcorruption are statistically significant for economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa. In contrast,FDI, health, education, trade, and population growth are all non-significant. / Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka samt analysera om de bidragande faktorernabidrar till den ekonomiska tillväxten i Sub-Sahara. I många tidigare studier inom mitt ämnehar man kommit fram till olika resultat, då många faktorer påverkar den ekonomiskatillväxten antingen positivt eller negativt. Studien har även tillämpat relevantamakroekonomiska teorier för att kunna dra ett samband mellan den ekonomiska tillväxtenoch tillväxtfaktorerna. Studien består utav en beroende variabel vilket är tillväxt samt 7 oberoende variabler vilket ärföljande: korruption, utbildning, hälsa, handel, utländska direktinvesteringar (FDI),ekonomisk frihet och befolkningstillväxt.För att kunna förklara de studerade faktorerna på den ekonomiska tillväxten har mantillämpat tillväxtteorier alltså Solow och Romer-modellen samt Kremerian modellen somförklarar vilken inverkan befolkningstillväxten, utbildning och hälsa har på den ekonomiskatillväxten. Därutöver har det elektriska paradigmet (OLI), institutionella teorin tillämpats föratt kunna förklara effekterna av FDI, ekonomisk frihet samt korruption.Den insamlade data som tillämpas i studien är hämtad från olika typer av databaser blandannat The World bank, Transparency international, UNDP och Fraser Institute. Jag kommeratt undersöka 20 av totalt 48 möjliga länder i Sub-Sahara Afrika och studien är avgränsad tillen tretton års tidsperiod mellan år 2006- 2019.För att kunna undersöka hur de studerade faktorerna påverkar den ekonomiska tillväxten iSub-Sahara har studien utgått från en fasta effekt modell som implementeras i denekonometriska analysen av paneldata. Studiens slutgiltiga resultat påvisar att ekonomiskfrihet och korruption är statistiskt signifikant för den ekonomiska tillväxten i Sub-Sahara.Däremot är FDI, hälsa, utbildning, handel, befolkningstillväxt icke-signifikanta.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate, based on a comparative study in Sweden, how vertical hydroponic farms can be implemented in urban environments and to identify the challenges with the implementation. The study examines various companies that work with hydroponic farms in Sweden and how the government can help the companies with the implementation of the innovation. Urban hydroponic farms can be a significant solution for solving the growing global population demand for locally grown fresh food, which includes good quality and nutrients. Previous studies, from a sustainability perspective, show that Sweden would benefit in several different ways if more hydroponic farms were implemented in the urban cities. The theory that the report is based on is the implementation theory. With this in mind, the empirics were analyzed from three different found themes; economy, political priorities & local involvement. Empirical data was collected from previous studies as well as from a qualitative methodological approach. This empirical study was based on multiple interviews with companies in the hydroponic farms industry located in Sweden and observations, to be able to analyze the findings based on our chosen theme. In this study we found that the result indicates that there are both advantages and obstacles to the implementation of hydroponic farms in urban areas. On the other hand, the benefits are predominantly from a sustainable development perspective with new innovative solutions, such as solar systems and upgraded district heating and district cooling systems.

<p>This dissertation traces both professional and public concerns about the Earth’s environmental limits from the late 1960s to 1990s, at the intersection of reproductive rights and aerospace technology. It considers two rather ‘radical’ and opposing grassroots activist approaches for how to best address the environmental and population crises that gained public traction at the turn of the 1970s: zero population growth and space settlement. The current scholarship has examined the ‘era of limits,’ and modern environmentalism and population control activism from both U.S. and global perspectives, considering how policy, science, gender, politics, and the media shape public understandings and both local and state responses. Zero growth proponents, through both coercive and voluntary campaigns, sought to demonstrate and halt the damage that unchecked economic and population growth was causing the planet. Yet these histories rarely consider the rise of new spaceflight technologies and thought during the same period, which promised a pro-growth, technology-infused solution to the limits to growth, one that would not impose restrictions on consumptive, environmental, or reproductive behavior. Responding to recent scholarly efforts to better contextualize aerospace technology into social and cultural histories of the post-Apollo era, this dissertation focuses on the grassroots activism of two organizations: Zero Population Growth (ZPG), which advocated for zero growth, and the L-5 Society (including a student-run affiliate chapter called the Maryland Alliance for Space Colonization), which promoted space settlement and the manufacturing of clean, pollution-free energy and mining resources for Earth. In this dissertation, I argue that in order to fully understand the implications of ‘Earthly limits’ on American society, we need to look at the role of grassroots activists. How did their concerns form, persist, and change over the course of the late twentieth century? Using primary and archival material and oral histories of the members, it analyzes their dynamics, goals, and stakes in ideas about limits to growth and a finite Earth. Centering on the diverse personal stories and experiences of former activists reveals their unique motivations for joining their respective groups, why they advocated for such different approaches to the limits to growth, and how their drive for a better future continued long after popular enthusiasm for zero growth and space settlement waned by the late 1970s.</p>