Text in Afrikaans / Die private persoon het sekere bevoegdhede betreffende die arrestasie en die gebruik van geweld tydens arrestasie van lede van die publiek wat misdade pleeg/gepleeg het. Hierdie bevoegdheid spruit uit sowel die gemenereg as die wettereg. Kragtens die Suid-Afrikaanse Strafproseswet word hierdie bevoegdhede gereel deur aa 42 en 49. Oewerbewoners as eienaars van grand is geregtig op die onverstoorde gebruik en genot van hulle eiendom. Daarteenoor is kanovaarders ook daarop geregtig om op openbare ri vi ere vir wedvaarte te oefen. Di t is egter belangrik om vas te stel of die portage van kano's op die oewer insidenteel is tot die reg om op die rivier te vaar. Ewewig moet bewerkstellig word tussen die botsende belange. Die Waterwet 54 van 1956 behoort gewysig en vereenvoudig te word, aangesien Suid-Afrika nie slegs op die RomeinsHollandse reg kan staatmaak nie - ons waterprobleme staan direk teenoor die van die Nederlande. / The private person has certain powers regarding the arrest and the use of force to effect the arrest of members of the public who have committed/are committing offences. These powers are derived from either common law or statutory law. In terms of the South African Criminal Procedure Act these powers are regulated by ss 42 and 49. Riparian owners are entitled to the undisturbed use and enjoyment of their property. On the other hand, canoeists are also entitled to practise on public rivers. It is important, however, to ascertain whether portage of canoes on the river bank is incidental to the right of canoeing on the river. A balance should be struck between these conflicting interests. The Water Act 54 of 1956 should be amended and simplified, since South Africa cannot rely on Roman Dutch law alone - our water problems are the complete opposite of those in the Netherlands. / Criminal & Procedural Law / LL.M. (Straf- en Strafprosesreg)

Cette thèse aborde les formalismes pour la modélisation multi-physique en support au cycle en V deconception. Ce travail a été réalisé dans le cadre du projet ANR-MoCoSyMec, selon la méthodologie duprototypage virtuel fonctionnel (PVF) et illustré sur des systèmes électromagnétiques.Nous nous sommes principalement intéressés au langage VHDL-AMS, en tant que support aux différentsniveaux de modélisation apparaissant dans le cycle en V de conception. Cela nous a conduits à traiter laportabilité et l'interopérabilité en VHDL-AMS de diverses méthodes et outils de modélisation. Nous avonsproposé et validé, via le formalisme des composants logiciels ICAr, des solutions aux limites de l'utilisation deVHDL-AMS pour modéliser certains phénomènes physiques reposants sur des calculs numériques.Nous avons étendu la norme ICAr pour supporter des modèles dynamiques décrits par des équationsdifférentielles algébriques (DAE) ; et pour des besoins de co-simulation, nous pouvons également y associer unsolveur. Ces développements sont désormais capitalisés dans le framework CADES.Enfin, nous avons proposé une architecture pour le portage de modèles d'un formalisme à un autre. Elle a étédéfinie et mise en oeuvre plus particulièrement pour des modèles magnétiques réluctants (Reluctool) et desMEMS magnétiques (MacMMems) vers le VHDL-AMS.Ces formalismes et méthodologies sont mis en oeuvre autour du PVF d'un contacteur électromagnétique.

Salariat et indépendance : la contradiction est profonde. En France, le droit du travail a été largement bâti sur l'opposition entre travail salarié et travail indépendant. Or, depuis plus de 20 ans, s'est développé en France un nouveau mode d'organisation du travail dénommé « portage salarial ». Il constitue une pratique contractuelle triangulaire établie entre des professionnels autonomes, une société de portage salarial et des clients. Ce mode d’organisation permet à ces professionnels de pouvoir exercer leur activité de façon indépendante, sans contrainte administrative ni de gestion, tout en bénéficiant des garanties sociales attachées au statut de salarié. Suspecté d'illégalité mais satisfaisant à un indéniable besoin social, le portage salarial devait être encadré. La loi du 25 juin 2008 portant modernisation du marché du travail donne à cette pratique un fondement légal et confie aux partenaires sociaux le soin de l’organiser. Malgré l’existence d’un accord collectif de branche, signé le 24 juin 2010, le portage salarial ne fait l’objet d’aucun encadrement législatif. Face au mutisme du législateur et à l’indécision du juge, l’insécurité règne. Il importe alors d’établir précisément les fondements et le mécanisme du portage salarial. Bien que périlleuse, cette quête d’un régime juridique mérite d’être entreprise afin de répondre au mieux aux attentes et aux interrogations des travailleurs et des entreprises qui seraient amenés à utiliser cette formule. Salariat et indépendance : la contradiction n’est que superficielle. / The contradiction between wage-labor and independence is particularly deep. In France, labor law was mainly built upon the opposition which exists between the wage labor and independent labor regimes. However, the past 20 years gave rise to the development of a newsocioeconomic relationship between workers and their employers : the "umbrella company" regime. Such model consists in a three-party-contract involving independent professionals, an umbrella company, as well as a client company. This type of organization constitutes a means for professionals to operate a non-subordinate work environment deprived of administrative or management-related constraints, while benefiting from all the social advantages pertaining to the wage-labor status. Initially suspected of being illegal, yet providing an undeniable social necessity, the umbrella company system requires a specific framework. The statute dated June 25th, 2008 on the modernization of labor market provides a legal framework to this system and assigns trade unions the mission to organize the circumstances surrounding such framework. Despite the existence of an Agreement dated June 24th, 2010, the umbrella company system lacks a clear legislative framework. The legislative branch's silence combined to the judicial branch's indecision triggers off a situation of significant insecurity on a legal point of view. The implementation of clear legal grounds and mechanisms applicable to the umbrella company regime is thus of the utmost necessity. Although such process is synonymous with a perilous quest, it seems particularly relevant to undertake it in order to come up with the expectations and questions of both the workers and the companies. The contradiction between wage-labor and independence is particulary superficial.

Submitted by Aelson Maciera (aelsoncm@terra.com.br) on 2017-08-25T18:10:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGA.pdf: 3509452 bytes, checksum: 61c3447f02d00b7e5dfca8f34747f8de (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (bco.producao.intelectual@gmail.com) on 2018-01-25T16:48:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGA.pdf: 3509452 bytes, checksum: 61c3447f02d00b7e5dfca8f34747f8de (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (bco.producao.intelectual@gmail.com) on 2018-01-25T16:49:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGA.pdf: 3509452 bytes, checksum: 61c3447f02d00b7e5dfca8f34747f8de (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-25T16:53:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGA.pdf: 3509452 bytes, checksum: 61c3447f02d00b7e5dfca8f34747f8de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Down’s syndrome is defined by its genetic component. There is a set of anatomophysiological commitments that interfere in these children development, especially in language development. To evaluate this instruments and tests were developed, and they may auxiliate in the early detection of possible risks, identifying their potential and making interventional procedures easier. The main goal of this research was to characterize global language development repertoire in children younger than 48 months with Down’s syndrome, with the specific goal of comparing the contributions of Denver’s II Test of Triage Development, Portage’s Operationalized Inventory and Verbal Behavior Milestones Assessment and Placement Program (VB-MAPP) for the assessment and characterization of children’s younger than 48 months with Down’s syndrome linguistic repertoire. Participated on this research one boy and three girls with Down’s syndrome between the ages of 14 and 46 months old, whom frequented a public daycare and/or a specialized school in a city in São Paulo’s countryside. The evaluations were made through direct observation and interaction with participants. The evaluation sessions happened in the institutions frequented by the children and had the duration of 1 (one) hour. The number of meetings with each child variated. The sessions were composed of activities required by Denver’s II Test of Triage Development, Portage’s Operationalized Inventory and Verbal Behavior Milestones Assessment and Placement Program (VB-MAPP). With the legal responsible were made presential interviews for the filling of both Brasil’s Criteria Questionnaire and Anamnese Record. Regarding global development, although the children in this study had different ages, they presented similar repertoire and bellow the expected for their age range. The development bellow their age range was also verified regarding the language area. Regarding the instruments used, concludes that they complement each other, and make it possible to verify required abilities in a more specific way. The assessed evaluations matched the literature, pointing that children with Down’s syndrome tend to present a different development from the one seen in children without deficiency in all evaluated areas. The findings obtained with the instruments used allowed to verify the installed development and the potential of the participating children, favoring the elaboration of interventional programs considering the specificities of each children with Down’s syndrome. However, for the deeper comprehension of these children’s development, it is necessary new studies and the use of other instruments. / A síndrome de Down é definida pelo seu componente genético. Há um conjunto de comprometimentos anatomofisiológicos que interferem no desenvolvimento dessas crianças, em especial no desenvolvimento da linguagem e da fala. Para avaliação do desenvolvimento existem instrumentos e testes que podem auxiliar na detecção precoce de possíveis riscos, identificando o seu potencial e facilitando procedimentos de intervenção. O objetivo geral dessa pesquisa foi o de caracterizar o repertório de desenvolvimento da linguagem de crianças com síndrome de Down, menores de 48 meses, em relação ao seu repertorio global e o objetivo específico foi o de cotejar as contribuições do Teste de Triagem de Desenvolvimento de Denver II, do Inventário Portage Operacionalizado e do Verbal Behavior Milestones Assessment and Placement Program (VB-MAPP) para o levantamento e caracterização do repertório de linguagem de crianças com síndrome de Down menores de 48 meses. Participaram da pesquisa um menino e três meninas com síndrome de Down, com idade entre 14 a 46 meses, que frequentavam uma creche pública e/ou uma escola especializada de uma cidade do interior de São Paulo. As avaliações foram realizadas por meio de observação direta e interação com os participantes. As sessões de avaliação tinham duração de 1 hora e ocorreram nas instituições que as crianças frequentavam. O número de encontros com cada criança foi variável. As sessões eram compostas de atividades requeridas pelo Teste de Triagem de Desenvolvimento de Denver II, Inventário Portage Operacionalizado e VB-MAPP. As entrevistas presenciais foram realizadas com os responsáveis para preenchimento do Questionário Critério Brasil e da Ficha de Anamnese. As crianças participantes desse estudo apresentaram o repertório de desenvolvimento global e da linguagem semelhante e aquém do que esperado para a faixa etária, embora tivessem idades diferentes. Em relação aos instrumentos utilizados, conclui-se que esses se complementam, pois apresentam tarefas diversificadas mas que avaliam uma mesma área do desenvolvimento. Os três instrumentos empregados em conjunto possibilitam verificar as habilidades requeridas para a aquisição da linguagem e da fala de modo mais específico. As avaliações levantadas foram ao encontro aos dados da literatura, indicando que crianças com síndrome de Down tendem a apresentar um desenvolvimento diferente daquele visto em crianças sem deficiência em todas as áreas avaliadas. Os achados obtidos com os instrumentos empregados permitiram verificar o repertório atual da criança, favorecendo a elaboração de programas de intervenção e considerando as especificidades de cada criança com síndrome de Down. Entretanto, para uma compreensão aprofundada do desenvolvimento dessas crianças são necessários novos estudos e uso de outros instrumentos.

Construit autour du contrat de travail, le droit du travail s’appuie sur une relation bilatérale entre l’employeur et le salarié. Le prêt et la fourniture de main-d’œuvre perturbent cet équilibre parce que la force de travail du salarié bénéficie à un tiers au contrat de travail. La méfiance originelle s’est traduite par deux prohibitions de principe pénalement sanctionnées : le marchandage et le prêt illicite de maind’œuvre. L’évolution du marché économique a contraint le législateur à dépasser la seule répression pour envisager la légalisation et l’encadrement de mises à disposition de plus en plus variées. Ces nombreux à-coups législatifs, en l’absence de revalorisation des incriminations, remettent en cause l’efficacité de la prohibition pénale. Le droit pénal est-il encore adapté pour lutter contre les dérives des prêts et fournitures de main-d’œuvre ? Si l’encadrement répressif actuel et sa mise en œuvre sont critiquables, la dépénalisation « sèche » n’est pas pour autant la seule solution. / Built around the employment contract, labour law is based on a bilateral relationship between an employer and an employee. The leasing and subcontracting of labour force disrupt this balance because the employee's labour force benefits a third party to the employment contract. The original mistrust resulted in two criminally sanctioned prohibitions: illegal subcontracting and illegal labour leasing. The evolution of the economic market has forced the legislator to go beyond repression alone and to consider the legalization and supervision of more and more types of manpower leasing. These numerous legislative interventions, in the absence of the revalorization of the incriminations, question the effectiveness of the criminal prohibition. Is criminal law still suited to fight against the excesses of labour leasing and subcontracting? Although the current repressive framework and its implementation are open to criticism, decriminalization alone is not the only solution.

Text in Afrikaans / Die private persoon het sekere bevoegdhede betreffende die arrestasie en die gebruik van geweld tydens arrestasie van lede van die publiek wat misdade pleeg/gepleeg het. Hierdie bevoegdheid spruit uit sowel die gemenereg as die wettereg. Kragtens die Suid-Afrikaanse Strafproseswet word hierdie bevoegdhede gereel deur aa 42 en 49. Oewerbewoners as eienaars van grand is geregtig op die onverstoorde gebruik en genot van hulle eiendom. Daarteenoor is kanovaarders ook daarop geregtig om op openbare ri vi ere vir wedvaarte te oefen. Di t is egter belangrik om vas te stel of die portage van kano's op die oewer insidenteel is tot die reg om op die rivier te vaar. Ewewig moet bewerkstellig word tussen die botsende belange. Die Waterwet 54 van 1956 behoort gewysig en vereenvoudig te word, aangesien Suid-Afrika nie slegs op die RomeinsHollandse reg kan staatmaak nie - ons waterprobleme staan direk teenoor die van die Nederlande. / The private person has certain powers regarding the arrest and the use of force to effect the arrest of members of the public who have committed/are committing offences. These powers are derived from either common law or statutory law. In terms of the South African Criminal Procedure Act these powers are regulated by ss 42 and 49. Riparian owners are entitled to the undisturbed use and enjoyment of their property. On the other hand, canoeists are also entitled to practise on public rivers. It is important, however, to ascertain whether portage of canoes on the river bank is incidental to the right of canoeing on the river. A balance should be struck between these conflicting interests. The Water Act 54 of 1956 should be amended and simplified, since South Africa cannot rely on Roman Dutch law alone - our water problems are the complete opposite of those in the Netherlands. / Criminal and Procedural Law / LL.M. (Straf- en Strafprosesreg)

[pt] Esta dissertação tem por escopo o estudo de alguns pontos importantes da forma de Estado a partir da promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988, como por exemplo o próprio tipo de federação adotado, além da definição do Município, no novo desenho, como um ente federativo, delimitando-se o seu papel e a sua importância para a construção de um federalismo equilibrado e democrático. Para alcançar esse objetivo, o estudo está estruturado em três capítulos. Inicia-se dando noções gerais sobre o Estado Federal, para, em seguida, no segundo capítulo, trazer a lume alguns entraves que vêm causando o enfraquecimento da autonomia municipal. No terceiro e último capítulo, a ênfase recairá sobre as soluções para os problemas trazidos no próprio texto Constitucional e, posteriormente, nas emendas, apontando-se mecanismos eficientes no combate à centralização de poderes nas mãos da União, mecanismos estes importantes para a construção de um federalismo deveras equilibrado e democrático. / [fr] Le champ d application de cette thèse est l étude de quelques points importants dans la forme de l Etat après la promulgation de la Constitution Fédérale de 1988, telles que le type de fédération adopté et la définition de la municipalité, dans la nouvelle conception, comme une entité fédérale, délimitant aussi son rôle et son importance pour la construction d un fédéralisme équiliré et démocratique. Pour atteindre cet objectif, l étude est divisée en trois chapitres. Commence à donner des notions générales sur l Etat fédéral pour ensuite, dans le deuxième chapitre, porter à la lumière certains obstacles qui causent l affaiblissement de l autonomie municipale. Dans le troisième et dernier chapitre, l accent sera mis sur des solutions aux problèmes soulevés sur le texte constitutionnel lui-même, puis les amendements constitutionnels, mettant en évidence des mécanismes efficaces à la lutte contre la centralisation des pouvoirs dans les mains de l Union, importants qu ils sont pour la construction d un fédéralisme plutôt équilibré et démocratique.

Cette thèse aborde les formalismes pour la modélisation multi-physique en support au cycle en V deconception. Ce travail a été réalisé dans le cadre du projet ANR–MoCoSyMec, selon la méthodologie duprototypage virtuel fonctionnel (PVF) et illustré sur des systèmes électromagnétiques.Nous nous sommes principalement intéressés au langage VHDL-AMS, en tant que support aux différentsniveaux de modélisation apparaissant dans le cycle en V de conception. Cela nous a conduits à traiter laportabilité et l’interopérabilité en VHDL-AMS de diverses méthodes et outils de modélisation. Nous avonsproposé et validé, via le formalisme des composants logiciels ICAr, des solutions aux limites de l’utilisation deVHDL-AMS pour modéliser certains phénomènes physiques reposants sur des calculs numériques.Nous avons étendu la norme ICAr pour supporter des modèles dynamiques décrits par des équationsdifférentielles algébriques (DAE) ; et pour des besoins de co-simulation, nous pouvons également y associer unsolveur. Ces développements sont désormais capitalisés dans le framework CADES.Enfin, nous avons proposé une architecture pour le portage de modèles d’un formalisme à un autre. Elle a étédéfinie et mise en oeuvre plus particulièrement pour des modèles magnétiques réluctants (Reluctool) et desMEMS magnétiques (MacMMems) vers le VHDL-AMS.Ces formalismes et méthodologies sont mis en oeuvre autour du PVF d’un contacteur électromagnétique. / This PhD report deals with modeling formalisms for multi-physical systems in the design V- cycle. Thiswork was carried out within the French ANR-MoCoSyMec project, according to the methodology of functionalvirtual prototyping (PVF) and illustrated with electromagnetical systems.The work focuses on the VHDL-AMS modeling language, as a support for several modeling levels appearingin the design V-cycle. In this work, the portability and interoperability problems have been studied, usingVHDL-AMS, for various modeling methods and tools. Solutions have been proposed and validated for use limitsof VHDL-AMS language, specifically for the modeling of some physical phenomena using numericalcomputations, through the software component formalism called ICAr.The ICAr software component standard has been extended to support dynamic models described throughdifferential algebraic equations (DAE). It has also been extended for co-simulation purposes in which a solver isassociated to the dynamic model inside the ICAr component. These developed solutions are now available in theframework CADES.Finally, architecture has been proposed for the transforming of models from a professional formalism intoanother, specifically into VHDL-AMS. It has been designed and implemented for reluctant magnetic models(RelucTool) and magnetic MEMS (MacMMems).These formalisms and methodologies are implemented around the functional virtual prototyping (PVF) of anelectromagnetic contactor.